An expressway is a divided highway for high-speed traffic with at least partial control of access. A dual carriageway or divided highway is a road or Highway in which the two directions of traffic are separated by a central barrier or strip of land known as a A limited-access road or controlled-access road is a Road to which access from adjacent properties is limited in some way However, as explained below, the degree of access allowed varies between countries and even between regions within the same country. In Political geography and International politics, a country is a Political division of a geographical entity In some jurisdictions, expressways are divided arterial roads with limits on the frequency of driveways and intersecting cross-streets. An arterial road is a moderate or high-capacity Road which is immediately below a Highway Level of service. A driveway is a type of private road for local access to one or a small group of structures and is owned and maintained by an individual or group In other jurisdictions, access to expressways is limited only to grade-separated interchanges, making them the full equivalent of freeways. In the field of Road transport, an interchange is a road junction that typically
The term expressway is currently used in Australia, Canada, China, India, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Qatar, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, and the United States (where the term originated). For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Nigeria, officially named the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal Constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and one Federal Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Qatar ( قطر; ˈqɑtˁɑr local pronunciation giṭar officially the State of Qatar (Arabic دولة قطر transliterated Singapore South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
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United States
In the United States, an expressway is defined by the federal government’s Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices as a divided highway with partial control of access. The bicycle, cycle, or bike is a pedal-driven, human-powered vehicle with two wheels attached to a frame, one behind California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The federal government of the United States is the central United States Governmental body established by the United States Constitution. The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD is a document issued by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA of the United States Department of Transportation [1] In contrast, a freeway is defined as a divided highway with full control of access. [2] The difference between partial and full access control is that expressways may have a limited number of driveways and at-grade intersections (thus making them a form of high-speed arterial road), while access to freeways is allowed only at grade-separated interchanges. Expressways under this definition do not conform to interstate highway standards (which ban practically all driveways and at-grade intersections) and are therefore usually numbered as state highways or U.S. highways. The Dwight D Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly called the Interstate Highway System (or simply the Interstate System) State highway, state road or state route can refer to one of three related concepts two of them related to a State government in a country that is divided The system of United States Numbered Highways (often called U
This distinction was first developed in 1949 by the Special Committee on Nomenclature of what is now the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). AASHTO, the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, is a standards setting body which publishes specifications test protocols and [3] In turn, the definitions were incorporated into AASHTO's official standards book, the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, which would become the national standards book of the U.S. Department of Transportation under a 1966 federal statute. The United States Department of Transportation ( DOT) is a federal Cabinet department of the United States government concerned with Transportation The same distinction has also been codified into the statutory law of seven states: California,[4] Mississippi,[5] Missouri,[6] Nebraska,[7] North Dakota,[8] Ohio,[9] and Wisconsin. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Mississippi ( is a state located in the Deep South of the United States Missouri ( or) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee Nebraska ( is a state located on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States and North Dakota ( is a state located in the Midwestern and Western regions of the United States of America. Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads Wisconsin ( or wɪˈskɑnsɨn (French Ouisconsin) is one of the fifty United States of America, located in the north central part of the United States [10] However, each state codified the federal distinction slightly differently. California expressways do not necessarily have to be divided, though they must have at least partial access control. For both terms to apply, in Wisconsin, a divided highway must be at least four lanes wide; in Missouri, both terms apply only to divided highways at least 10 miles long that are not part of the Interstate Highway System. In North Dakota and Mississippi, an expressway may have "full or partial" access control and "generally" has grade separations at intersections; a freeway is then defined as an expressway with full access control. Ohio's statute is similar, but instead of the vague word "generally," it imposes a requirement that 50% of an expressway's intersections must be grade-separated for the term to apply.
However, many states around the Great Lakes region and along the Eastern Seaboard have refused to conform their terminology to the federal definition. The Laurentian Great Lakes are a chain of freshwater lakes located in eastern North America, on the Canada–United States border. The following states officially prefer the term expressway instead of freeway to describe what are technically freeways in federal parlance: Connecticut,[11] Florida,[12] Illinois,[13] Indiana, Maryland,[14] Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia. Connecticut ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern South Carolina ( is a state in the southern region ( Deep South) of the United States of America. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state West Virginia ( is a state in the Appalachian Upland South, and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, bordered by [15] In those states, the term freeway is not in common usage and it is common to find Interstate highways which bear the name “expressway. The Dwight D Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, commonly called the Interstate Highway System (or simply the Interstate System) ” Minnesota officially uses "freeway" and "expressway" interchangeably (with both defined as what federal officials call freeways). Minnesota ( Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers [16]
Most expressways under the federal definition have speed limits of 45-55 mph (70-90 km/h) in urban areas and 55-70 mph (90-110 km/h) in rural areas. For a discussion of the maximum speed possible in the universe see Speed of light and Special relativity. Urban expressways are usually free of private driveways, but occasional exceptions include direct driveways to gas stations and shopping centers at major intersections (which would never be allowed on a true freeway). A filling station, fueling station, gas station, service station, petrol station, or gasbar, Retail Outlet A shopping mall or shopping centre is a building or set of buildings that contain Retail units with interconnecting Walkways enabling visitors
The vast majority of expressways are built by state governments, or by private companies which then operate them as toll roads pursuant to a license from the state government. A state government ( provincial government in Canada is the Government of a Subnational entity in States with federal A toll road, (also known as a tollway, turnpike, pike, or toll highway, especially if it is constructed to Freeway standards
A famous example of a local government getting into the expressway business is Santa Clara County in California, which deliberately built its own expressway system in the 1960s to supplement the freeway system then planned by Caltrans. Local governments are administrative offices that are smaller than a State. Santa Clara County is a County located in the San Francisco Bay Area of the U California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The Santa Clara County Expressway System is a unique system of high-capacity partially controlled-access roads in Santa Clara County California (in the United The California Department of Transportation ( Caltrans) is a Government department in the U Although the county planned to upgrade the expressways into full-fledged freeways, such a project became politically infeasible after the rise of the tax revolt movement in the mid-1970s. A tax revolt is a political struggle to repeal limit or roll back a government-imposed Tax.
Canada
In some parts of Canada, expressway is synonymous with freeway and is used to mean limited-access divided-highways with no at-grade intersections, with both terms used interchangeably. Examples include the Gardiner Expressway through downtown Toronto. The Frederick G Gardiner Expressway, known locally as " the Gardiner " is an expressway connecting downtown Toronto, Ontario, Where the expressway turns into a 6-lane arterial road (Lake Shore Boulevard) east of the Don River, there is a sign warning of the end of the expressway. An arterial road is a moderate or high-capacity Road which is immediately below a Highway Level of service. Lake Shore Boulevard is an east-west route running along most of Toronto 's waterfront This article is about the river in Toronto Canada For other rivers with the same name see Don River (disambiguation. The Macdonald-Cartier Freeway is an example of a route that uses the freeway term.
The new Veterans Memorial Parkway in London, Ontario, has intersections instead of interchanges, thus the Parkway is not considered a freeway. Veterans Memorial Parkway is a 92 km (57 mile Expressway located in London Ontario. London is a city in Southwestern Ontario, Canada along the Quebec City-Windsor Corridor with a metropolitan area population of 457720 the city proper The Parkway was designed to be a limited access highway for the city but the lack of funding for the highway forced it to be built as at-grade intersections. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Before adding any more images to this * * page please do carefully consider * * whether they would be mere decoration * * or actually improve Other examples include the Hanlon Parkway in Guelph and Regional Road 420 in Niagara Falls. The Hanlon Parkway is a high-capacity at-grade suburban Expressway in the city of Guelph, Ontario, Canada, which connects it with Highway 420 is a 400-Series Highway in Ontario, Canada. It is a Spur route from the Queen Elizabeth Way (QEW to the tourist district Niagara Falls is a Canadian City of 82184 residents Geography and Climate Niagara Falls Ontario
In other locations, such as Alberta and most of Western Canada, an expressway is a high-speed arterial road along the lines of the California definition, while a freeway has no at-grade intersections. Alberta (ælˈbɝtə is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1 1905 Western Canada, commonly referred to as the West, is a region of Canada normally including all parts of Canada west of the province
In Quebec, the term freeway is never used, with the terms expressway (in English) and autoroute (in English and French) being preferred. English terms are rare, and only found on bilingual signage of expressways (abbreviated "expy") found in Montreal around bridges and on the Bonaventure Expressway; these signs are controlled by the federal government. Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Autoroute 10 (also called Bonaventure Expressway / Autoroute Bonaventure between the Ville-Marie Expressway and the Champlain Bridge in Montreal
United Kingdom
Expressway is used in the United Kingdom to describe the road network in Runcorn. Runcorn is an industrial town and cargo port within the borough of Halton in the ceremonial county of Cheshire, England The network is a controlled-access dual carriageway, similar in construction to a motorway, but designed to carry traffic around the town fast and efficiently. Motorway is a term for both a type of Road and a classification or designation Its design and construction were the result of experimental transportation ideas being tested during the New Town movement in the 1960s and 1970s. A new town, planned community or planned city is a City, Town, or Community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970.
The A38(M) in Birmingham is also known as the Aston Expressway. The A38(M is a Motorway in Birmingham, England. It is 2 miles (3
The A814 in Glasgow is known as the Clydeside Expressway.
See also
References
- ^ Section 1A. A limited-access road or controlled-access road is a Road to which access from adjacent properties is limited in some way A limited-access road or controlled-access road is a Road to which access from adjacent properties is limited in some way A supercorridor is a proposed new type of transportation infrastructure in the United States 13, Paragraph 27, Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, 2003 ed. The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD is a document issued by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA of the United States Department of Transportation , rev. 1. [1]
- ^ Section 1A. 13, Paragraph 29, Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, 2003 ed. The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD is a document issued by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA of the United States Department of Transportation , rev. 1. [2] See also 23 CFR 750. 153(k).
- ^ American Association of State Highway Officials, AASHO Highway Definitions (Washington D. C. , American Association of State Highway Officials, 1962), 1-3.
- ^ Cal. Sts. & High. Code § 257.
- ^ Miss. Code Ann. , § 65-5-3, subds. (b) and (c).
- ^ Mo. Rev. Stat. , § 304. 010.
- ^ Neb. Rev. Stat. , §§ 60-618. 01 and 60-621.
- ^ N. D. Cent. Code, § 24-01-01. 1 (2006).
- ^ Ohio Rev. Code Ann., § 4511.01, subds. (YY) and (ZZ).
- ^ Wis. Stat. , §§ 59. 84(1)(b) and 346. 57(1)(am).
- ^ Conn. Gen. Stat. § 13a-20(a).
- ^ Fla. Stat. § 348. 0002(8).
- ^ 625 Ill. Comp. Stat. 5/1-119. 3.
- ^ Md. Transp. Code Ann. § 8-620(c).
- ^ W. Va. Code § 17-4-2(a).
- ^ Minn. Stat. § 160. 02, subd. 19.
External links
Dictionary
expressway
-noun
- (parts of the US) A divided highway, usually 4 lanes or wider in size, where direct access to adjacent properties has been eliminated.
- (Canada, parts of the US) A road built to freeway standards.
- (New Zealand) A road built for high speed traffic, but not up to motorway standards or designated a motorway.
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