Citizendia
Your Ad Here

This article is on the variety of film. For information on the They Might Be Giants song, see "Experimental Film (song)". They Might Be Giants (commonly abbreviated to TMBG) is an American Alternative rock band which began as a duo of John Flansburgh and John " Experimental Film " is a song by They Might Be Giants.

Experimental film or experimental cinema describes a range of filmmaking styles that are generally quite different from, and often opposed to, the practices of mainstream commercial and documentary filmmaking. Filmmaking is the process of making a Film, from an initial story idea or commission through scriptwriting shooting editing and finally distribution to an audience "Avant-garde" is also used to describe this work, and "underground" has been used in the past, though it has also had other connotations. Avant-garde (avɑ̃gaʁd in French) means "advance guard" or "vanguard An underground film is a film that is out of the mainstream either in its style genre or financing While "experimental" covers a wide range of practice, an "experimental film" is often characterized by the absence of linear narrative, the use of various abstracting techniques (out of focus, painting or scratching on film, rapid editing), the use of asynchronous (non-diegetic) sound or even the absence of any sound track. Diegesis is the (fictional world in which the situations and events narrated occur and telling recounting as opposed to showing enacting The goal is often to place the viewer in a more active and more thoughtful relationship to the film. At least through the 1960s, and to some extent after, many experimental films took an oppositional stance toward mainstream culture. Most such films are made on very low budgets, self-financed or financed through small grants, with a minimal crew or, quite often, a crew of only one person, the filmmaker. It has been argued that much experimental film is no longer in fact "experimental," but has in fact become a film genre and that many of its more typical features - such as a non-narrative, impressionistic or poetic approaches to the film's construction - define what is generally understood to be "experimental". In Film theory, genre refers to the primary method of film categorization based on similarities in the narrative elements from which films are constructed

Contents

History

The European avant-garde

Two conditions made Europe in the 1920s ready for the emergence of experimental film. First, the cinema matured as a medium, and highbrow resistance to the mass entertainment began to wane. Second, avant-garde movements in the visual arts flourished. The Dadaists and Surrealists in particular took to cinema. For other meanings see Dada (disambiguation DaDa is a Concept album by Alice Cooper, released Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members René Clair's Entr'acte took madcap comedy into nonsequitur, and artists Hans Richter, Jean Cocteau, Marcel Duchamp, Germaine Dulac and Viking Eggeling all contributed Dadaist/Surrealist shorts. René Clair (11 November 1898 &ndash 15 March 1981 was a French Filmmaker. Entr'acte is French for "between the acts" (German Zwischenspiel, Italian Intermezzo) Hans Richter ( April 6, 1888 &ndash February 1, 1976) was a painter graphic artist avant-gardist film-experimenter and producer Jean Maurice Eugène Clément Cocteau (5 July 1889 &ndash 11 October 1963 was a French Poet, Novelist, Dramatist, Designer, Boxing Marcel Duchamp (maʀsɛl dyˈʃɑ̃ (28 July 1887 &ndash 2 October 1968 was a French artist whose work is most often associated with the Dadaist and Surrealist Germaine Dulac ( 17 November 1882, Amiens, France - 20 July 1942, Paris) was a French film director and early Viking Eggeling ( October 21 1880 &ndash May 19 1925) was a Swedish artist and filmmaker The most famous experimental film is generally considered to be Luis Buñuel and Salvador Dalí's Un chien andalou. Luis Buñuel Portolés (22 February 1900 &ndash 29 July 1983 was a Spanish -born Filmmaker and naturalized Mexican who worked mainly in Mexico Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech 1st Marquis of Púbol (May 11 1904 &ndash January 23 1989 was a Spanish Catalan Surrealist Un chien andalou ( An Andalusian Dog) is a 1928 short Surrealist film made in France by two Spanish auteurs the Aragonian Hans Richter's animated shorts and Len Lye's G. Len Lye, born Leonard Charles Huia Lye ( 5 July 1901, Christchurch New Zealand - 15 May 1980, Warwick New York P. O films would be excellent examples of more abstract European avant-garde films.

Working in France, another group of filmmakers also financed films through patronage and distributed them through cine-clubs, yet they were narrative films not tied to an avant-garde school. Film scholar David Bordwell has dubbed these French Impressionists, and included Abel Gance, Jean Epstein, Marcel L'Herbier and Dimitri Kirsanoff. David Bordwell (born 23 July 1947 is a prominent American film theorist and author French Impressionist Cinema, also referred to as The First Avant-Garde or Narrative Avant-Garde, is a term applied to a loose and debatable group of films and filmmakers Abel Gance (25 October 1889 - 10 November 1981 was a French Film director, producer, Writer, Actor and editor best Jean Epstein ( 25 March 1897, Warsaw &ndash 3 April 1953, Paris) was a film director and early film theoretician Marcel L'Herbier, Légion d'honneur, ( April 23 1888 or 1890 &ndash November 26 1979) was a French writer producer and director Dimitri Kirsanoff (Димитрий Кирсанов (6 March 1899 – 11 February 1957 was an early filmmaker, considered part of the French Impressionist These films combines narrative experimentation, rhythmic editing and camerawork, and an emphasis on character subjectivity.

In 1950, the Lettrists avant-garde movement in France, caused riots at the Cannes Film Festival, when Isidore Isou's "Treatise on Slime and Eternity" was screened. Lettrism is a French Avant-garde movement established in Paris in the mid-1940s by Romanian immigrant Isidore Isou. The Cannes Film Festival (le Festival de Cannes founded in 1946 is one of the world's oldest most influential and prestigious Film festivals alongside Venice, Isidore Isou ( January 31, 1925 &ndash July 28, 2007) born Ioan-Isidor Goldstein, was a Romanian born French After their criticism of Charlie Chaplin there was a split within the movement, the Ultra-Lettrists continued to cause disruptions when they announced the death of cinema and showed their new hypergraphical techniques. The Ultra-Lettrist position was formed by Jean-Louis Brau, Gil Wolman, and Francois Dufrêne, in the 1950s when they split from Isidore Isou The most notorious film of which is Guy Debord's "Howlings in favor of de Sade " (Hurlements en Faveur de Sade) from 1952. Guy Ernest Debord ( December 28, 1931 - November 30, 1994) was a Marxist theorist French writer Filmmaker, hypergraphist

The Soviet filmmakers, too, found a counterpart to modernist painting and photography in their theories of montage. Soviet montage theory is an approach to understanding and creating cinema that relies heavily upon editing ( montage is French for "putting together" The films of Dziga Vertov, Sergei Eisenstein, Lev Kuleshov, Alexander Dovzhenko and Vsevolod Pudovkin were instrumental in providing an alternate model from that offered by classical Hollywood. Dziga Vertov (Дзига Вертов Дзиґа Вертов January 15, 1896 &ndash February 12, 1954) was a Soviet pioneer Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein (Сергей Михайлович Эйзенштейн January 23, 1898 &ndash February 11, 1948) was Lev Vladimirovich Kuleshov ( Лев Владимирович Кулешов; in Tambov - 29 March 1970 in Moscow) was a Russian Alexander Petrovych Dovzhenko (Олександр Петрович Довженко Oleksandr; Александр Петрович Довженко Aleksandr Petrovich Vsevolod Illarionovich Pudovkin (Всеволод Илларионович Пудовкин ( February 16, 1893 – June 20, 1953) was a Classical Hollywood cinema or the classical Hollywood narrative, are terms used in film history which designates both a visual and sound style for making motion pictures While not experimental films per se, they contributed to the film language of the avant-garde.

The postwar American avant-garde

The U. S. had some avant-garde filmmakers before World War II, but much pre-war experimental film culture consisted of artists working in isolation. In Rochester, New York, James Sibley Watson and Melville Webber directed The Fall of the House of Usher (1928) and Lot in Sodom (1933). Rochester is a city in Monroe County, New York State, south of Lake Ontario in the United States. Dr James Sibley Watson Jr ( August 10, 1894 - March 31, 1982) was a Rochester New York, medical doctor philanthropist publisher editor Lot in Sodom ( 1933) is a short silent Experimental film, based on the Biblical tale of the city of Sodom and Gomorrah. Harry Smith, Mary Ellen Bute, artist Joseph Cornell, and painter Emlen Etting (1905–1993) made early masterpieces in the 1930s, and Christopher Young made several European-influenced experimental films. Harry Everett Smith ( 29 May 1923, Portland Oregon &ndash 27 November 1991, New York City Mary Ellen Bute ( November 21[[ 906]]&mdash October 17[[ 983]] was a pioneer American film Animator significant as one of the first female experimental Joseph Cornell ( December 24, 1903 &ndash December 29, 1972) was an American artist and sculptor one of the pioneers and most celebrated

In 1946, the "Art in Cinema" film series began under the direction of Frank Stauffacher at the San Francisco Museum of Art (now the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, which screened a number of significant experimental films. Frank Stauffacher (1917 - 24 July 1955, San Francisco California) was an experimental filmmaker best known for directing the cinema series "Art in The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art ( SFMOMA) is a major Modern art Museum and San Francisco Landmark.

Meshes of the Afternoon (1943) by Maya Deren and Alexander Hammid is considered to be one of the first important American experimental films. Meshes of the Afternoon ( 1943) is a short Experimental film directed by wife and husband team Maya Deren and Alexander Hammid. Maya Deren ( April 29, 1917, Kiev – October 13, 1961, New York City) born Eleanora Derenkowsky, was an Alexandr Hackenschmied ( 17 December 1907, Linz - 26 July 2004, New York City) was a leading Avant-garde photographer It provided a model for self-financed 16 mm production and distribution, one that was soon picked up by Cinema 16 and other film societies. Cinema 16 was a New York city based Film society founded by Amos Vogel. A film society is a membership Club where people can watch Private screenings of films which would otherwise not be shown in Mainstream Just as importantly, it established an aesthetic model of what experimental cinema could do. Meshes had a dream-like feel that hearkened to Jean Cocteau and the Surrealists, but equally seemed personal, new and American. Early works by Kenneth Anger, Stan Brakhage, Shirley Clarke, Gregory Markopoulos, Willard Maas, Marie Menken, Curtis Harrington and Sidney Peterson followed in a similar vein. Kenneth Anger (born February 3, 1927) is an American underground avant-garde film-maker Stan Brakhage ( January 14, 1933 – March 9, 2003) was an American non-narrative Filmmaker Shirley Clarke ( 2 October 1919, New York City - 23 September 1997, Boston) was a major American independent filmmaker Gregory Markopoulos ( March 12 1928 - November 12 1992) was an Greek-American Experimental filmmaker Born in Toledo Willard Maas (b 24 June 1906 - 2 January 1971) was an American Experimental filmmaker and poet Marie Menkevicius ( 25 May 1909 in New York City, New York - 29 December 1970) was an American experimental filmmaker and Curtis Harrington ( September 17, 1926 &ndash May 6, 2007) was an American film and television director whose work included Experimental Sidney Peterson ( November 15, 1905, Oakland California - April 24, 2000, New York City Significantly, many of these filmmakers were the first students from the pioneering university film programs established in Los Angeles and New York. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West The City of New York

They set up "alternative film programs" at Black Mountain College (now defunct) and the San Francisco Art Institute. Black Mountain College, founded in 1933 near Asheville North Carolina, was known as one of the leading progressive schools in the United States Founded in 1871 the San Francisco Art Institute ( SFAI) is one of the U Arthur Penn taught at Black Mountain College, which points out the popular misconception in both the art world and Hollywood that the avant-garde and the commercial never meet. Arthur Hiller Penn (born September 27, 1922, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is a Film director and producer. Another challenge to that misconception is the fact that late in life, after each's Hollywood careers had ended, both Nicholas Ray and King Vidor made avant-garde films. Nicholas Ray (born Raymond Nicholas Kienzle) ( August 7, 1911 &ndash June 16, 1979) was an American Film director King Wallis Vidor ( February 8, 1894 &ndash November 1, 1982) was an acclaimed American Film director whose career

The New American Cinema and Structural-Materialism

Main article: Structural film

The film society and self-financing model continued over the next two decades, but by the early 1960s, a different outlook became perceptible in the work of American avant-garde filmmakers. Structural film was an experimental film movement prominent in the US in the 1960s and which developed into the Structural/materialist films in the UK in the 1970s As P. Adams Sitney has pointed out, in the work of Stan Brakhage and other American experimentalists of early period, film is used to express the individual consciousness of the maker, a cinematic equivalent of the first person in literature. P Adams Sitney (born August 9, 1944 in New Haven Connecticut is a historian of American Avant-garde cinema. Stan Brakhage ( January 14, 1933 – March 9, 2003) was an American non-narrative Filmmaker Brakhage's Dog Star Man exemplified a shift from personal confessional to abstraction, and also evidenced a rejection of American mass culture of the time. Stan Brakhage ( January 14, 1933 – March 9, 2003) was an American non-narrative Filmmaker Dog Star Man is a series of short Experimental films all directed by Stan Brakhage: Prelude Dog Star Man { 1961) On the other hand, Kenneth Anger added a rock sound track to his Scorpio Rising in what is sometimes said to be an anticipation of music videos, and included some camp commentary on Hollywood mythology. Kenneth Anger (born February 3, 1927) is an American underground avant-garde film-maker A music video is a Short film or video that accompanies a complete piece of music most commonly a Song with lyrics Jack Smith and Andy Warhol incorporated camp elements into their work, and Sitney posited Warhol's connection to structural film. Jack Smith ( 14 November 1932 in Columbus Ohio - 25 September 1989 in New York City) For the song by David Bowie, see Andy Warhol (song. Andrew Warhola (August 6 1928 &ndash February 22 1987 known as Andy Warhol

Some avant-garde filmmakers moved further away from narrative. Whereas the New American Cinema was marked by an oblique take on narrative, one based on abstraction, camp and minimalism, Structural-Materialist filmmakers like Hollis Frampton and Michael Snow created a highly formalist cinema that foregrounded the medium itself: the frame, projection, and most importantly, time. Hollis Frampton (1936-1984 was an American Avant-garde filmmaker photographer writer/theoretician and a pioneer of digital art Michael Snow, CC (born December 10, 1929) is a Canadian artist working in painting sculpture video films photography holography Formalist film theory is a theory of Film study that is focused on the formal or technical elements of a film i It has been argued that by breaking film down into bare components, they sought to create an anti-illusionist cinema, although Frampton's late works owe a huge debt to the photography of Edward Weston, Paul Strand, and others, and in fact celebrate illusion. Edward Henry Weston ( March 24 1886 &ndash January 1 1958) was an American photographer, and co-founder Paul Strand ( October 16, 1890 &ndash March 31, 1976) was an American photographer and filmmaker who along with fellow Modernist Further, while many filmmakers began making rather academic "structural films" following Film Culture's publication of an article by P. Film Culture is an American film magazine started by Adolfas Mekas and his brother Jonas Mekas in 1954, and is now defunct Adams Sitney in the late 1960s, many of the filmmakers named in the article objected to the term.

A critical review of the structuralists appeared in a 2000 edition of the art journal Art In America. Art in America is an illustrated monthly Magazine published since 1913 It examined structural-formalism as a conservative philosophy of filmmaking.

The 1970s and time arts in the conceptual art landscape

Conceptual art in the 1970s pushed even further. Conceptual art is Art in which the Concept (s or Idea (s involved in the work take precedence over traditional aesthetic and material concerns Robert Smithson, a California-based artist, made several films about his earthworks and attached projects. Robert Smithson ( January 2, 1938 – July 20, 1973) was an American Artist famous for his Land art. Yoko Ono made conceptual films, the most notorious of which is Rape, which finds a woman and invades her life with cameras following her back to her apartment as she flees from the invasion. born in Tokyo on February 18 1933 is a Japanese Artist and Musician. Around this time a new generation was entering the field, many of whom were students of the early avant-gardists. Leslie Thornton, Peggy Ahwesh, and Su Friedrich expanded upon the work of the structuralists, incorporating a broader range of content while maintaining a self-reflexive form. Peggy Ahwesh (born 1954 in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania) is an American avant-garde filmmaker and experimental video artist

Feminist avant-garde and other political offshoots

Laura Mulvey's writing and filmmaking launched a flourishing of feminist filmmaking based on the idea that conventional Hollywood narrative reinforced gender norms and a patriarchal gaze. Laura Mulvey (born August 15, 1941) was educated at St Hilda's College, Oxford. Feminism is a discourse that involves various movements theories, and Philosophies which are concerned with the issue of Gender difference, advocate Their response was to resist narrative in a way to show its fissures and inconsistencies. Chantal Akerman and Sally Potter are just two of the leading feminist filmmakers working in this mode in the 1970s. Chantal Akerman (born June 6 1950 is a Belgian film director and artist Sally Potter (b 19 September 1949 in London) is an English Film director and Screenwriter. Video art emerged as a medium in this period, and feminists like Martha Rosler and Cecelia Condit took full advantage of it. Video art is a type of Art which relies on Moving pictures and is comprised of Video and/or audio data Martha Rosler is an artist She was born in Brooklyn New York, where she now lives Cecelia Condit (born in 1947 is an American Video artist. Her work focuses on the contrast between the everyday world and fairytales with topics ranging from female aging to In the 1980s feminist, gay and other political experimental work continued, with filmmakers like Barbara Hammer, Su Friedrich, Tracey Moffatt, Sadie Benning, Moira Sullivan and Isaac Julien among others finding experimental format condusive to their questions about identity politics. Barbara Hammer (born May 15, 1939) is an American Filmmaker in the genre of Experimental films Biography Hammer was Su Friedrich (born December 12, 1954 in New Haven Connecticut[http //www Tracey Moffatt (1960- 12th November Australian artist using primarily Photography and Video. Sadie Benning April 11 1973 is a Video maker Visual artist, and Musician. Moira Sullivan is an international scholar lecturer film critic and Experimental filmmaker based in Stockholm and San Francisco, a dual national of the Isaac Julien (born 1960 in London, England) is an Installation artist and Filmmaker.

Experimental Film and the Academy

With very few exceptions, Curtis Harrington among them, the artists involved in these early movements remained outside of the mainstream commercial cinema and entertainment industry. Curtis Harrington ( September 17, 1926 &ndash May 6, 2007) was an American film and television director whose work included Experimental A few taught occasionally, and then, starting in 1966, many became professors at universities such as the State Universities of New York, Bard College, California Institute of the Arts, the Massachusetts College of Art, University of Colorado at Boulder, and the San Francisco Art Institute. Bard College, founded in 1860 is a small selective four-year liberal arts college located in Annandale-on-Hudson, New York. The California Institute of the Arts, commonly referred to as CalArts, is located in Valencia California, a suburb of Los Angeles California. Massachusetts College of Art and Design (also known as MassArt) is a publicly funded college of visual and Applied art, founded in 1873 The University of Colorado at Boulder ( CU-Boulder, UCB officially Colorado and CU colloquially is the Flagship University Founded in 1871 the San Francisco Art Institute ( SFAI) is one of the U Many of the practitioners of experimental film do not in fact possess college degrees themselves, although their showings are prestigious. Some have questioned the status of the films made in the academy, but longtime film professors such as Stan Brakhage, Ken Jacobs, Ernie Gehr, and many others, continued to refine and expand their practice while teaching. Stan Brakhage ( January 14, 1933 – March 9, 2003) was an American non-narrative Filmmaker Ken Jacobs (born May 25 1933) is an American Experimental filmmaker. Ernie Gehr (born 1943 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin) is an American Experimental filmmaker closely associated with the Structural On the other hand, the work of some more recent filmmaker-professors, as well as of some students, is, more than one critic has argued, rather derivative. The inclusion of experimental film in film courses and standard film histories, however, has made the work more widely known and more accessible.

Exhibition

From 1947 to 1963, the New York-based Cinema 16 functioned as the primary exhibitor and distributor of experimental film in the United States. Cinema 16 was a New York city based Film society founded by Amos Vogel. Under the leadership of Amos Vogel and Marcia Vogel, Cinema 16 flourished as a nonprofit membership society committed to the exhibition of documentary, avant-garde, scientific, educational, and performance films to ever-increasing audiences.

In 1962 Jonas Mekas and about 20 other film makers founded The Film-Makers' Cooperative in New York City. Jonas Mekas (jonɐs mækɐs born December 24, 1922 in the village of Semeniškiai, near Biržai) is a Lithuanian Filmmaker, writer The Film-Makers' Cooperative aka The New American Cinema Group is an artist-run non-profit organization which was founded in 1962 in New York City by Jonas Mekas, Soon similar artists cooperatives were formed in other places: Canyon Cinema in San Francisco, the London Film-Makers' Co-op, and Canadian Filmmakers Distribution Center. Canyon Cinema is a San Francisco based filmmakers' cooperative specializing in the distribution of Avant-garde and Experimental film. The London Film-makers' Co-op, or LFMC was a British film-making workshop founded in 1966

Following the model of Cinema 16, experimental films have been exhibited mainly outside of commercial theaters in small film societies, microcinemas, museums, art galleries, archives and film festivals. A film society is a membership Club where people can watch Private screenings of films which would otherwise not be shown in Mainstream The term Microcinema can have two meanings It can describe low-budget or amateur films shot mostly on Digital video, edited on a computer and then distributed via videotape A museum is a "permanent institution in the service of society and of its development open to the public which acquires conserves researches communicates and exhibits the An art gallery or art museum is a space for the exhibition of art, usually Visual art. A film festival is the presentation or showcasing of Films in one or more Movie theaters or screening venues

Several other organizations in both Europe and North America helped develop experimental film. These included Anthology Film Archives, The Millennium Film Workshop, the British Film Institute in London, the National Film Board of Canada and the Collective for Living Cinema. Anthology Film Archives is a cinema and Film archive in the East Village neighborhood of New York City devoted to the preservation and exhibition The British Film Institute ( BFI) is a charitable organisation established by Royal Charter to encourage the development of the arts of film television The National Film Board of Canada (usually National Film Board or NFB) is Canada's public film producer and distributor

Some of the more popular film festivals, such as Ann Arbor Film Festival, the New York Film Festival's "Views from the Avant-Garde" Side Bar and the International Film Festival Rotterdam prominently feature experimental works. Ann Arbor Film Festival is an annual Film festival held in Ann Arbor in the U The New York Film Festival is the one of the most important film festivals in the United States first held in 1963 in New York. The International Film Festival Rotterdam ( IFFR) is an annual Film festival held in various cinemas in Rotterdam, Netherlands at the

The New York Underground Film Festival, Chicago Underground Film Festival, the LA Freewaves Experimental Media Arts Festival, MIX NYC, Toronto's Images Festival and the New York Lesbian and Gay Experimental Film/Video Festival also support this work and provide venues for films which would not otherwise be seen. Founded in 1994 by filmmakers Todd Phillips (Road Trip Old School and Andrew Gurland the New York Underground Film Festival occurs each March at Anthology Film Archives The Chicago Underground Film Festival, ( CUFF) founded in 1994, occurs each August at various venues in Chicago, Illinois in the USA LA Freewaves is a Los Angeles based nonprofit organization that advocates for and exhibits uncensored independent new media from around the world MIX NYC is a not-for-profit organization based in New York City and dedicated to Queer Experimental film. MIX NYC is a not-for-profit organization based in New York City and dedicated to Queer Experimental film. There is some dispute about whether "underground" and "avant-garde" truly mean the same thing and if challenging non-traditional cinema and fine arts cinema are actually fundamentally related.

Venues such as Anthology Film Archives in New York City, the San Francisco Cinémathèque, the Pacific Film Archive in Berkeley, California, and the Centre Pompidou in Paris often include historically significant experimental films and contemporary works. A cinémathèque (or cinematheque) is a French word used to refer to a film archive with small cinemas that screens particularly classic and art-house films The Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive (BAM/PFA is associated with the University of California Berkeley in Berkeley California. Berkeley is a city on the east shore of San Francisco Bay in Northern California, in the United States. Centre Georges Pompidou (constructed 1971–1977 and known as the Pompidou Centre in English) is a complex in the Beaubourg area of the 4th arrondissement Screening series no longer in New York that featured experimental work include the Robert Beck Memorial Cinema, Ocularis and the Collective for Living Cinema. The Collective for Living Cinema was an outpost of Avant-garde cinema located on White Street in Lower Manhattan in the United States of America.

Recently Pacific Film Archive eliminated their experimental Tuesday night program. The new curator (since 2000) of the Whitney stated in a 2001 interview on Charlie Rose that he believed it was the responsibility of the Anthology Film Archives to show the work because the work is essentially unsellable and the Whitney was not interested in "renting" video art and films. He went on to intimate that it would fall out of favor in coming biennials. (PBS/Charlie Rose).

Some distributors of experimental film today include Light Cone in Paris, Canyon Cinema in San Francisco, Canadian Filmmaker's Distribution Centre, The Film-Makers' Cooperative in New York, and Lux in London. Canyon Cinema is a San Francisco based filmmakers' cooperative specializing in the distribution of Avant-garde and Experimental film. The Film-Makers' Cooperative aka The New American Cinema Group is an artist-run non-profit organization which was founded in 1962 in New York City by Jonas Mekas, Sixteen mm prints are still available through these organizations. б

Influences on commercial media

Though experimental film is known to a relatively small number of practitioners, academics and connoisseurs, it has influenced and continues to influence cinematography, visual effects and editing. See also Filmmaking Cinematography (from Greek: kinesis κινησις (movement and grapho γραφω (to record is the discipline Visual effects (commonly shortened to Visual F/X or VFX) are the various processes by which imagery is created and/or manipulated outside the context of a Live Editing Language, Images or Sound through correction condensation organization and other modifications in various media

The genre of music video can be seen as a commercialization of many techniques of experimental film. A music video is a Short film or video that accompanies a complete piece of music most commonly a Song with lyrics Title design and television advertising have also been influenced by experimental film. Film Title Design is and always has been an essential part of any Motion picture. A television advertisement or television commercial (often just commercial or advert (US or ad (UK is a span of television programming produced

Many experimental filmmakers have also made feature films, and vice versa. Notable examples include Kathryn Bigelow, Curtis Harrington, Peter Greenaway, Derek Jarman, Jean Cocteau, Isaac Julien, Sally Potter, David Lynch, Gus Van Sant and Luis Buñuel, although the degree to which their feature filmmaking takes on mainstream commercial aesthetics differs widely. Kathryn Bigelow (born 27 November 1951) is an American Film director. Curtis Harrington ( September 17, 1926 &ndash May 6, 2007) was an American film and television director whose work included Experimental Peter Greenaway, CBE (born 5 April 1942) is an English Film director born in Wales. Derek Jarman ( January 31 1942 – February 19 1994) was an English Film director, Stage designer Jean Maurice Eugène Clément Cocteau (5 July 1889 &ndash 11 October 1963 was a French Poet, Novelist, Dramatist, Designer, Boxing Isaac Julien (born 1960 in London, England) is an Installation artist and Filmmaker. Sally Potter (b 19 September 1949 in London) is an English Film director and Screenwriter. David Keith Lynch (born January 20 1946 is an American director, Screenwriter, producer, painter, Cartoonist, Composer Gus Green Van Sant Jr he has dealt unflinchingly with homosexual and other marginalized subcultures without being particularly concerned about providing positive role models Luis Buñuel Portolés (22 February 1900 &ndash 29 July 1983 was a Spanish -born Filmmaker and naturalized Mexican who worked mainly in Mexico

See also

Key critical texts

External links

Jackie Hatfield, artist writer and academic- born 5 July 1962 died November 2 2007.
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic