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Saint Francis exorcised demons in Arezzo, fresco of Giotto
Saint Francis exorcised demons in Arezzo, fresco of Giotto

Exorcism (from Late Latin exorcismus, from Greek exorkizein - to adjure) is the practice of evicting demons or other evil spiritual entities from a person or place which they are believed to have possessed (taken control of). For the opera by Olivier Messiaen see Saint-François d'Assise. Arezzo ( Latin Arretium) is a city in central Italy, capital of the province of the same name, located in Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly The English word " spirit " comes from the Latin " spiritus " (breath Spirit possession is a concept of Paranormal, Supernatural and/or Superstitious belief in which spirits, gods, daemons The practice is quite ancient and part of the belief system of many religions. A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos

The person performing the exorcism, known as an exorcist, is often a member of the clergy, or an individual thought to be graced with special powers or skills. In some religions an exorcist (also called a witchman) is a person who is believed to be able to cast out the Devil or other Demon. The exorcist may use prayers, and religious material, such as set formulas, gestures, symbols, icons, amulets, etc. Prayer is the act of attempting to communicate with a Deity or spirit A gesture is a form of Non-verbal communication made with a part of the body used instead of or in combination with verbal communication. The musical instrument is spelled Cymbal. A symbol is something --- such as an object, Picture, written word a sound a piece An icon (from Greek εἰκών eikōn, "image" is a religious work of art most commonly a painting from Eastern Christianity. An amulet ( the Elder|Pliny]] meaning "an object that protects a person from trouble" a close cousin of the talisman (from Arabic . The exorcist often invokes God, Jesus and/or several different angels and archangels to intervene with the exorcism. God is the principal or sole Deity in Religions and other belief systems that worship one deity. Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) An angel is a Spiritual Supernatural being found in many Religions Although the nature of angels and the tasks given to them vary from tradition to tradition Archangels are superior or higher-ranking Angels Archangels are found in a number of religious traditions including Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism

In general, possessed persons are not regarded as evil in themselves, nor wholly responsible for their actions. Evil, in many cultures is used to describe acts or thoughts which are contrary to some particular religion Therefore practitioners regard exorcism more as a cure than as a punishment. The mainstream rituals usually take this into account, making sure that there is no violence to the possessed, only that they be tied down if there is potential for violence[1].

Contents

History

The concept of possession by evil spirits and the practice of exorcism are very ancient and were widespread, and may have originated in prehistoric Shamanistic beliefs.

The Christian New Testament includes exorcism among the miracles performed by Jesus. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings According to the canonical Gospels Jesus worked many Miracles in the course of his ministry, which may be categorized into cures Exorcisms Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) Because of this precedent, demonic possession was part of the belief system of Christianity since its beginning, and exorcism is still a recognized practice of Catholicism, Eastern Orthodox and some Protestant sects. Demonic possession is often the term used to describe the control over a human form by Satan himself or one of his assigned advocates Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings As a Christian Ecclesiastical term Catholic —from the Greek adjective, meaning "general" or "universal"—is described The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. The Church of England also has an official exorcist in each diocese. The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican [2]

After the enlightenment, the practice of exorcism has diminished in its importance to most religious groups and its use has decreased, especially in western society. Generally, in the 20th century its use was found mainly in Eastern Europe and Africa, with some cases gaining media coverage; Anneliese Michel is perhaps the most recent of these. Anneliese Michel ( September 21, 1952 – July 1, 1976) was a German This is due mainly to the study of psychology and the functioning and structure of the human mind. Psychology (from Greek grc ψῡχή psȳkhē, "breath life soul" and grc -λογία -logia) is an Academic and MIND ( Moving In New Directions) (est 1975 is an alternative education high school in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Many of the cases that in the past which were candidates for exorcism are often explained to be the products of mental illness, and are handled as such. Mental disorder or mental illness is a psychological or behavioral pattern that occurs in an individual and is thought to cause distress or disability that is not expected as

However in 1973 the movie The Exorcist came out, and the idea of Exorcisms became thrust into the limelight. The Exorcist is a 1973 American Horror film, adapted from the 1971 novel of the same name by William Peter Blatty, After its release a very large response came from the public in the United States and Europe, and belief in Demon Possession and Exorcisms found a place in contemporary society. Spirit possession is a concept of Paranormal, Supernatural and/or Superstitious belief in which spirits, gods, daemons Belief in the validity of the practice became less of a radical idea, and more widespread. [3]

Exorcism in Christianity

Jesus

In Christianity, Exorcisms are performed using the "power of Christ" or "In the name of Jesus. " This is founded in the belief that Jesus commanded his followers to expel evil spirits in his name(Matthew 10:1,Matthew 10:8; Mark 6:7; Luke 9:110:17),(Mark 16:17). According to the Catholic Encyclopedia article on Exorcism: Jesus cast out demons as a sign of his Messiahship and empowered his disciples to do the same[4]. The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia

The Jewish Encyclopedia article on Jesus stated that Jesus "was devoted especially to casting out demons" and also believed that he passed this on to his followers, however he was superior to them in the Exorcisms. The Jewish Encyclopedia was an Encyclopedia originally published between 1901 and 1906 by Funk and Wagnalls. "[5]

In the time of Jesus, non-New Testament Jewish sources report of exorcisms done by administering drugs with poisonous root extracts or other by making sacrifices. (Josephus, "B. J." vii. 6, § 3; Sanh. 65b). They do not report of Jesus being an exorcist, but do mention that exorcisms were done by the Essene branch of Judaism (Dead Sea Scrolls at Qumran). The Essenes were strictly speaking a Jewish religious group that flourished from the 2nd century BC to the 1st century AD The Dead Sea Scrolls consist of roughly 1000 documents including texts from the Hebrew Bible, discovered between 1947 and 1979 in eleven Caves

Roman Catholicism

Painting by Francisco Goya of Saint Francis Borgia performing an exorcism.
Painting by Francisco Goya of Saint Francis Borgia performing an exorcism. Saint Francis Borgia (San Francisco de Borja ( October 28 1510, Gandia, Valencia, Kingdom of Spain - September 30

The belief in Roman Catholicism is that unlike Baptism or Confession, Exorcism is one ritual that isn't a sacrament. Unlike a sacrament, exorcism's "integrity and efficacy do not depend . . . on the rigid use of an unchanging formula or on the ordered sequence of prescribed actions. Its efficacy depends on two elements: authorization from valid and licit Church authorities, and the faith of the exorcist. "[6] That being said, Catholic Exorcism is still one of the most rigid and organized of all existing exorcism rituals. Solemn exorcisms, according to the Canon law of the church, can be exercised only by an ordained priest (or higher prelate), with the express permission of the local bishop, and only after a careful medical examination to exclude the possibility of mental illness. Canon Law, the Ecclesiastical law of the Catholic Church, is a fully developed legal system with all the necessary elements courts lawyers judges a fully articulated The Catholic Encyclopedia (1908) enjoined: "Superstition ought not to be confounded with religion, however much their history may be interwoven, nor magic, however white it may be, with a legitimate religious rite. " Things listed in the Roman Ritual as being indicators of possible demonic possession include: speaking foreign or ancient languages of which the possessed has no prior knowledge; supernatural abilities and strength; knowledge of hidden or remote things which the possessed has no way of knowing, an aversion to anything holy, profuse blasphemy, or sacrilege. The Roman Ritual ( Latin: Rituale Romanum) is one of the official ritual works of the Roman Catholic rite Blasphemy is the disrespectful use of the name of one or more gods. Sacrilege is the violation or injurious treatment of a sacred object

The Catholic Church revised the Rite of Exorcism in January 1999, although the traditional Rite of Exorcism in Latin is allowed as an option. January 1999 was a month with thirty-one days The following events also occurred during the month The act of exorcism is considered to be an incredibly dangerous spiritual task; the ritual assumes that possessed persons retain their free-will, though the demon may hold control over their physical body, and involves prayers, blessings, and invocations with the use of the document Of Exorcisms and Certain Supplications. Of Exorcisms and Certain Supplications ( Latin: De Exorcismis et Supplicationibus Quibusdam) is an 84-page document of the Roman Catholic Other formulas may have been used in the past, such as the Benedictine Vade retro satana. This article concerns Roman Catholic Order of Saint Benedict see also Benedictine Confederation and Benedictine. Vade retro satana ("Step back Satan " is a Medieval Catholic formula for Exorcism, recorded in a 1415 Manuscript found In the modern era, the Catholic Church authorizes exorcism rarely, approaching would-be cases with the presumption that mental or physical illness is in play. In mild cases the Chaplet of Saint Michael should be used. The Chaplet of St Michael the Archangel is a Chaplet given to the Carmelite nun Antonia d'Astonac

Anglicanism

In 1974, the Church of England set up the "Deliverance Ministry". Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican As part of its creation every diocese in the country was equipped a team trained in both exorcism and psychiatry. In many rites of the Roman Catholic Church and in Anglican churches, a diocese is an administrative territorial unit administered by a Bishop. According to its representatives most cases brought before it have conventional explanations and actual exorcisms are quite rare, though sometimes blessings are given to people for psychological reasons. [2]

In The Episcopal Church the Book of Occasional Services discusses provision for exorcism; but it does not indicate any specific rite, nor does it establish an office of "exorcist". The Episcopal Church is the official name of the Province of the Anglican Communion in the United States. [7] Diocesan exorcists usually continue in their role when they have retired from all other church duties. Anglican priests may not perform an exorcism without permission from the Diocesan bishop. A priest or priestess is a person having the authority or power to administer religious rites in particular rites of sacrifice to and propitiation of a deity or deities A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight Is not usually performed unless the bishop and his team of specialists (including a psychiatrist and physician) have approved it. A psychiatrist (also archaically called an alienist) is a Physician who specializes in Psychiatry and is certified in treating Mental disorders A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health

Protestant denominations

Some Protestant denominations also recognize possession and exorcism, although the practice is generally less formalized than it is in the Catholic Church. The Methodist Church also has appointed people in place for use in such circumstances[8]. While some denominations perform exorcism very sparingly and cautiously, some may perform it almost routinely, as part of regular religious services.

Psychiatrist M. Scott Peck researched exorcisms (initially in an effort to disprove demonic possession), and claims to have conducted two himself. Morgan Scott Peck ( 22 May 1936 – 25 September 2005) was a US Psychiatrist and best-selling Author. He concluded that the Christian concept of possession was a genuine phenomenon. He derived diagnostic criteria somewhat different from those used by the Roman Catholic Church. He also claimed to see differences in exorcism procedures and progression. After his experiences and in an attempt to get his research validated he has attempted to get the psychiatric community to add the definition of "Evil" to the DSMIV[9]. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders' ( DSM) is published by the American Psychiatric Association

Deliverance

In the less formalized sections of Protestant denominations the ritual can take many forms and belief structures, especially in Charismatic movement. The most common of these is the Deliverance ceremony. This differs from the exorcism ceremony by the fact that the Devil may have gotten a foothold, into a persons life rather than gaining complete control if complete control has been gained a full fledged exorcism is necessary. However a "spirit filled Christian" can not be possessed based on their beliefs. Within this belief structure the reasons for the devil to get a foothold are usually explained to be some sort of deviation from theological doctrine or because of pre-conversion activities (like dealing with the occult) [10] [11]

The method for determining if a person needs a Deliverance is done by having someone present who has the gift of Discernments of Spirits. This is a gift of the Holy Spirit from Cor. 1:12 that allows a person to "sense" in some way an evil presence[12]. While the initial diagnosis is usually uncontested by the congregation, when many people are endowed with this gift in a single congregation results may vary[13].

Fr. Gabriele Amorth references these people calling them "seers and Sensitives" and uses them on many occasions. they have the ability to detect an evil presence. He notes however that "They are not always right: their "feelings" must be checked out. " In his examples they are able to detect the events that caused the Demon to enter, or are able to discover the evil object that has cursed the individual. He notes that "they are always Humble. "[14]

Exorcism in Judaism

In kabbalah and European Jewish folklore (which does not believe in possession by demons), possession takes on a different (and often much more positive) context. Kabbalah (קַבָּלָה lit "receiving" is a discipline and school of thought discussing the mystical aspect of Judaism. Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut A person may be possessed by a spirit called a dybbuk — which is believed to be the dislocated soul of a dead person, returned from Gehenna (a Hebrew term for the in between world or purgatory that all spirits go to before entering heaven. In Kabbalah and European Jewish folklore, a dybbuk is a malicious possessing spirit, believed to be the dislocated Soul The soul, according to many religious and philosophical beliefs is the self-awareness, or Consciousness, unique to a particular living for the Polish film see Gehenna (film See also Jewish eschatology Gehennam (or gehenom or gehinom (גהינום is It literally refers to the valley outside Jeruselem where the city's garbage and dead bodies were burned. The word later came to mean "the valley of dead", and became very loosely translated as "hell" by later Christian researchers). Hell, according to many Religious beliefs, is a location in the Afterlife, which may be described as a place of suffering According to those beliefs, on rare occasions a soul which has not been able to fulfill its function in its lifetime is given another opportunity to do so in the form of a dybbuk. The soul then seeks out and "attaches" itself to a living person who is going through things or in a similar "life position" to what the soul was in during its lifetime.

It is believed there are good dybbuks and bad, with a good dybbuk's "attachment" performing more the role of a "spiritual guide" there to help the person through their current trials and tribulations that the soul was attracted to. These "good" possessions are usually referred to as a 'sod ha'ibbur.

In the case of a negative dybbuk, the spirit is not there to help as much as cause the same mistakes and chaos that it originally experienced during its own lifetime.

In the case of exorcism, there are generally two types - though both take on a much less negative confrontational manner than in the Christian context.

Briefly, the first involves a non-invasive approach (which generally is applied to the non-negative type of attachment but can be used in both) and involves treating the person and attached entity as a whole. Helping "him" to identify his goal or path in life (his true identity and purpose) and guiding them along it. In the case of a positive attachment, the spirit will leave when the "path" or purpose is significantly engrained and pursued. In the case of a negative, the pursuant of the "path" keeps it in check and eventually causes it to lose its connection (sometimes referred to as the "void" in the host) thereby forcing it to move on.

The second approach is a little more confrontational, but still far less than those commonly seen in Christian rites. It involves 10 people (including the rabbi) who surround the possessed individual. Each person (including the rabbi leading the ritual) represents the 10 kabbalistic sephirot. Sephirot "enumerations" '''Sephiroth''' '''Sefiroth''' (סְפִירוֹת singular Sephirah also Sefirah (סְפִירָה "enumeration" in [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] The rabbi that leads the ceremony also requires a shofar, which is interestingly used in a manner similar to the bell in Buddhist and other east Asian meditative practices. A shofar (שופר is a horn used for Jewish religious purposes The group repeatedly recites Psalm 91 and then the rabbi proceeds to blow the shofar in a specific pattern. Psalm 91 ( Greek numbering Psalm 90) referred to by its Latin title Qui habitat (after its first line "Whoso dwelleth under the defence of the This "shocks" both the possessed and the possessor, causing a loosening between the two enabling the addressing of each individually. The rabbi then enters in to dialogue with the spirit to find its purpose, and the group proceeds to heal it through dialogue and prayer meant to have it feel it has accomplished its goal. This is also done for the possessed. As Rabbi Gershon Winkler puts it: "We don't drive anything out of anybody. What we want to do is to heal the soul that's possessing and heal the person. It's all about healing -- we do the ceremony on behalf of both people. "

Exorcism in Hinduism

Beliefs and practices pertaining to the practice of exorcism are prominently connected with the ancient Dravidians in south. Of the four Vedas (holy books of the Hindus), the Atharva Veda is said to contain the secrets related to magic and medicine. "Veda" redirects here For other uses see Veda (disambiguation. The Atharvaveda ( Sanskrit: अथर्ववेद atharvaveda, a Tatpurusha compound of {{IAST|atharvan}}, an ancient Rishi Many of the spells described in this book are for casting out demons and evil spirits. These beliefs are particularly strong and practiced in West Bengal, Orissa and southern states like Tamil Nadu and Kerala. West Bengal ( Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchim Bônggo poʃtʃim bɔŋgo is a state in eastern India. Orissa (ଓଡ଼ିଶା is a state located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. Tamil Nadu ( Tamil:, Country of the Tamils, t̪ɐmɨɻ n̪aːɽɯ is one of the 28 states of India. Kerala ( Malayalam: {{Kerala in Malayalam}};

Basic means of exorcism are mantra and yajna used in both Vedic and Tantric traditions. A mantra ( Devanāgarī मन्त्र (or mantram is a religious or mystical syllable or poem typically from the Sanskrit language In Hinduism, Yajna ( Devanagari यज्ञ IAST yajña; also anglicized as Yagna, Yagya or Yadnya

Vaishnava traditions also employ a recitation of names of Narasimha and reading scriptures (notably Bhagavata Purana) aloud. Vaishnavism is a tradition of Hinduism, distinguished from other schools by its worship of Vishnu or its associated avatars principally as Rama and Narasimha ( IAST Narasiṃha Sanskrit नरसिंह (other spellings are Narasingh, Narasinga) is an Avatara of Vishnu The Bhagavata Purana (also known as Śrīmad Bhāgavatam, or simply Bhāgavatam) is one of the Puranic texts of Hindu literature According to Gita Mahatmya of Padma Purana reading of 3rd, 7th and 8th chapter of Bhagavad Gita and mentally offering the result to departed persons helps them to get released from their ghostly situation. Padma Purana ( Devanagari: पद्म पुराण one of the major eighteen Puranas, a Hindu religious text is divided into five parts Kirtan, continuous playing of mantras, keeping scriptures and holy pictures (esp. A Bhajan is a type of Hindu Devotional Song, often simple lyrical and expressing love for the Divine. of Narasimha) in the house, burning incense offered during a puja, sprinkling water of holy rivers and blowing conches used in puja are other effective practices. This article is about Hinduism. Puja or "pooja" may also refer to certain devotional practices performed by Balmikis Buddhists (see

Main Vedic resource on ghost- and death-related information is Garuda Purana. Garuda Purana is one of the Puranas which are part of the Hindu body of texts known as Smriti.

Exorcism in Scientology

Scientology believes that foreign beings known as Body Thetans have clustered themselves around a person and cause them confusion. In Scientology, a Thetan is the term somewhat corresponding to one's "soul" and a Body Thetan is an alien Thetan who is 'stuck' in on or near It is the goal of Scientology to remove these beings from a person. Scientology is a body of beliefs and related practices initially created by American Science fiction author L

On Scientology advanced level "OT3," "body thetans" are exorcised using a complicated technique. In Scientology, a Thetan is the term somewhat corresponding to one's "soul" and a Body Thetan is an alien Thetan who is 'stuck' in on or near Body thetan exorcism, with a simpler technique, is revisited on advanced level "OT5," also known as "New Era Dianetics for Operating Thetans. Dianetics is a set of ideas and practices regarding the relationship between the spirit mind and body that were developed by L In Scientology, the state of Operating Thetan (OT is a spiritual state above Clear. "[15] after these levels (which are used to accomplish other goals as well, not just an "exorcism" for Body Thetans) you are supposed to be free from the BT's influence.

Exorcism in Islam

Possession by jinn or the Devil (Shaitan) and exorcism of those who are wicked at heart is warned about in Islam since its beginning. GEnie (General Electric Network for Information Exchange was an online service In Islam, Shayṭān (شيطان is an entity analogous to Satan.

It is believed that jinn can gain control only over those who do not hold true to God. According to Islamic scholars, "The Jinn enters the one seized by fits and causes him to speak incomprehensible words, unknown to himself; if the one seized by fits is struck a blow sufficient to kill a camel, he does not feel it. " (ibn Taymiyyah, Majmoo al-Fatawa. )

Islamic clergy caution against the overuse of exorcism, citing that most cases are due to psychological and physical causes mistaken for possession. Real cases of possession are very rare and the faithful are warned to watch out for exorcists who encourage a diagnosis of possession too quickly, as they may merely be seeking profit.

Islamic authorities also deny the possibility of possession by souls of deceased persons, and warn that evil spirits may make this claim in order to encourage sinful behavior among the living.

Exorcism in the Qur'an and Sunnah

There is no explicit statement in the Qur'an referring to possession by jinn. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran GEnie (General Electric Network for Information Exchange was an online service The closest is the following Qu'ranic verse which compares the state of sinners on the Day of Judgment to the state of those made insane by the Devil:

“ Those who eat Ribâ (usury or interest) will not stand (on the day of Resurrection) except like the standing of a person beaten by Shaitan (Satan) leading him to insanity. Usury (ˈjuːʒəri comes from the Medieval Latin usuria, "interest" or "excessive interest" from the Latin usura "interest" Interest is a fee paid on borrowed capital Assets lent include Money, Shares, Consumer goods through Hire purchase, major assets This article concerns itself with Jesus Christ Christian, Islamic and other religious interpretations of resurrection in general Satan, ( Standard Hebrew Satan'el, English accuser) is a term that originates from the Abrahamic faiths, being traditionally That is because they say: 'Trading is only like Ribâ,' whereas Allah has permitted trading and forbidden Ribâ. So whosoever receives an admonition from his Lord and stops eating Ribâ shall not be punished for the past; his case is for Allah (to judge); but whoever returns to Ribâ, such are the dwellers of the Fire -- they will abide therein. (Qur'an (Yusufali tr. ), al-Baqara, 275) ”

Some cite this verse as proof against Muslims who deny the possibility of jinn possession.

There are also Sunnah (traditional statements that are not part of the Qur'an) about the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers expelling evil beings from the bodies of believers by using verses from the Qur'an and supplications to Allah. Sunnah ar (سنة plural سنن Sunan literally means “trodden path” and therefore the sunnah of the prophet means “the way and the manners of the prophet” IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics This example is related by Ya'la ibn Murah:

“ I saw Allah's Messenger (sallallahu àlaihi wa sallam) do three things which no one before or after me saw. For the Jewish honorific see Honorifics for the dead in Judaism Peace be upon him. I went with him on a trip. On the way, we passed by a woman sitting at the roadside with a young boy. She called out, 'O Messenger of Allah, this boy is afflicted with a trial, and from him we have also been afflicted with a trial. I don't know how many times per day he is seized by fits. ' He (sallallahu àlaihi wa sallam) said: 'Give him to me. For the Jewish honorific see Honorifics for the dead in Judaism Peace be upon him. ' So she lifted him up to the Prophet.

He (sallallahu àlaihi wa sallam) then placed the boy between himself and the middle of the saddle, opened the boy's mouth and blew in it three times, saying, 'In the name of Allah, I am the slave of Allah, get out, enemy of Allah!' Then he gave the boy back to her and said: 'Meet us on our return at this same place and inform us how he has fared. For the Jewish honorific see Honorifics for the dead in Judaism Peace be upon him. ' We then went. On our return, we found her in the same place with three sheep. When he said to her, 'How has your son fared?' She replied: 'By the One who sent you with the truth, we have not detected anything (unusual) in his behavior up to this time. . . . (Musnad Ahmad (vol: 4, p. 170), and al-Haakim, who declared it Saheeh)

 ”

On the nature of jinn

In Islamic belief, the most intelligent jinn is as smart as a 6 year old human. GEnie (General Electric Network for Information Exchange was an online service Much like human beings, they have free will to choose between right and wrong. While a jinni may possess a human for pure wickedness, it may also do it for other reasons. Shaikh al-Islam ibn Taymiyyah suggests that a jinni may do it in order to experience the physical world, for reasons of desire or love. In this case, a jinni may not have a malicious intent, or may be unaware of the harm it is causing. A jinni might also use possession for revenge. Jinn are said to be quick to anger, especially when they believe themselves to have been purposely harmed (since jinn are usually invisible to humans, a person can accidentally injure a jinni).

Faiths opposing exorcism


Notable exorcisms

Salvador Dali is reputed to have received an exorcism from Italian friar, Gabriele Maria Berardi, while he was in France in 1947. Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech 1st Marquis of Púbol (May 11 1904 &ndash January 23 1989 was a Spanish Catalan Surrealist A Friar is a member of one of the Mendicant orders. Friars and monks Friars differ from Monks in that they are called to a life of poverty in service [16] Dali created a sculpture of Christ on the cross which he gave the friar in thanks. [17]

According to a New York Post article of 19 February 2002, John Paul II personally performed three exorcisms during his tenure as pope. The New York Post is the 13th-oldest Newspaper published in the United States and generally acknowledged as the oldest to have been published continually Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. The first exorcism was performed on a woman in 1982. His second was in September 2000 when he performed the rite on a 19-year-old woman who had become enraged in St Peter's Square. Saint Peter's Square, or Saint Peter's Piazza ( Italian: Piazza San Pietro) is located directly in front of St A year later, in September 2001, he performed an exorcism on a 20-year-old woman.

Anneliese Michel was a Catholic woman from Germany who was said to be possessed by six or more demons and subsequently underwent an exorcism in 1975. Anneliese Michel ( September 21, 1952 – July 1, 1976) was a German Two motion pictures, The Exorcism of Emily Rose and Requiem are loosely based on Anneliese's story. The Exorcism of Emily Rose is a 2005 horror / thriller Film directed by Scott Derrickson. Requiem ( 2006) is a German language film by Hans-Christian Schmid starring Sandra Hüller.

A boy identified by the pseudonym "Roland Doe" was the subject of an exorcism in 1949, which became the subject of The Exorcist, a horror novel and later film written by William Peter Blatty. This article is about the novel published in 1971 For information about the 1973 film please see The Exorcist (film. William Peter Blatty (born January 7, 1928) is an American Writer and Filmmaker. Blatty heard about the case while he was a student in the class of 1950 at Georgetown University. Georgetown University is a Jesuit Private university located in Georgetown Washington D The exorcism was partially performed in both Cottage City, Maryland [18]http://www.strangemag.com/exorcistpage1.html and Bel-Nor, Missouri [19] by Father William S. Bowdern, S. Cottage City is a town in Prince George's County Maryland, United States. Bel-Nor is a northern suburban village in St Louis County, Missouri, United States. Father William S Bowdern SJ ( February 13, 1897 - April 25, 1983) was a Jesuit Roman Catholic Priest, also J. and a then Jesuit scholastic Fr. The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order Walter Halloran, S. Father Walter Halloran SJ ( September 21, 1921 – March 1, 2005) was a Jesuit J. [20]

Scientific view on Exorcism

The Roman Ritual of Exorcism cautions the priest to look for signs of mental and physical possession and the Catholic Church authorizes exorcism rarely, approaching would-be cases with the presumption that mental or physical illness is in play and employs mental health and medical professionals to rule out physical or mental causes before giving authorization. Many mental illnesses have been treated as Demon Possession, and show signs that are interpreted as such.

Demonic possession is not a valid psychiatric or medical diagnosis recognized by either the DSM-IV or the ICD-10. Demonic possession is often the term used to describe the control over a human form by Satan himself or one of his assigned advocates Psychiatry is a medical specialty which exists to study, prevent, and treat Mental disorders in Humans Psychiatric The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders' ( DSM) is published by the American Psychiatric Association The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases Those who profess a belief in demonic possession have sometimes ascribed the symptoms associated with mental illnesses such as hysteria, mania, psychosis, Tourette's syndrome, epilepsy, schizophrenia or dissociative identity disorder to possession. Mental disorder or mental illness is a psychological or behavioral pattern that occurs in an individual and is thought to cause distress or disability that is not expected as Hysteria in its colloquial use describes a state of Mind, one of unmanageable Fear or Emotional excesses Mania (from Greek μανία and that from μαίνομαι - mainomai, "to rage to be furious" is a severe medical condition Psychosis (from the Greek ψυχή "psyche" for mind or soul and -οσις "-osis" for abnormal condition with adjective psychotic Tourette syndrome (also called Tourette's syndrome, Tourette's disorder, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome, GTS or more commonly simply Tourette's Epilepsy is a common chronic Neurological disorder that is characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. Schizophrenia ( from the Greek roots schizein (σχίζειν "to split" and phrēn Dissociative Identity Disorder ( DID) as defined by the American Psychiatric Association 's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM [21][22][23] In cases of dissociative identity disorder in which the alter personality is questioned as to its identity, 29% are reported to identify themselves as demons. Dissociative Identity Disorder ( DID) as defined by the American Psychiatric Association 's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM [24] Additionally, there is a form of monomania called demonomania or demonopathy in which the patient believes that he or she is possessed by one or more demons. In Psychiatry, monomania (from Greek monos, one and mania, Mania) is a type of Paranoia in which the patient has only one idea

Medicine can explain some aspects of the "symptoms" shown by those persons allegedly possessed: it is known that "supernatural strength" is common in some cases of insanity (mania, energumens, etc. Mania (from Greek μανία and that from μαίνομαι - mainomai, "to rage to be furious" is a severe medical condition ).

The fact that exorcism works on people experiencing symptoms of possession is attributed to placebo effect and the power of suggestion. Placebo is a substance or procedure a patient accepts as medicine or therapy but which has no specific therapeutic activity Suggestion is the name given to the psychological process by which one person may guide the thoughts feelings or behaviour of another [25] Some supposedly possessed persons are actually narcissists or are suffering from low self-esteem and act a "demon possessed person" in order to gain attention. [26]

In 1994 an Indian man living in Britain explained his criminal behavior as ghost possession. Exorcisms failed to help, and psychiatrists diagnosed him with dissociative state and/or paranoid schizophrenia. He was treated with trifluoperazine and clopenthixol and the supposed ghost possession ended. Trifluoperazine (sold as Eskazinyl, Eskazine, Jatroneural, Modalina, Stelazine, Terfluzine, Trifluoperaz [27]

Exorcism-related deaths

Exorcism and other forms of spiritual healing have been related to abuse[1]and have been known to cause considerable physical harm to the exorcee, particularly when it is performed by those who believe that exorcism is necessarily a violent process. Faith healing is the attempt to use Religious or spiritual means such as Prayer, mental practices spiritual insights or other techniques to prevent Abuse refers to the use or treatment of something (a person item substance concept or vocabulary that is harmful Some of the most notorious recent cases are listed below.

Exorcism in Popular Culture

Exorcism has been a popular subject in fiction, especially horror. Horror fiction is broadly Fiction in any medium intended to scare unsettle or horrify the audience

Stigmata (1999 film starring Patricia Arquette and Gabriel Bryne)

See also

References

  1. ^ Malachi M. The Yoruba religion is the religious beliefs and practices of the Yoruba people both in Africa (chiefly in Nigeria and Benin Republic) (1976) Hostage to the Devil: the possession and exorcism of five living Americans. San Francisco, Harpercollins p. 462 ISBN 0-06-065337-X
  2. ^ a b Batty, David (2001-05-02) "Exorcism: abuse or cure?", Guardian Unlimited (2007-12-29)
  3. ^ Cuneo M. (2001) American Exorcism: Expelling Demons in the Land of Plenty. Doubleday: New York. pp. 3-13
  4. ^ Exorcism
  5. ^ JewishEncyclopedia.com - JESUS OF NAZARETH
  6. ^ Martin M. (1976)Hostage to the Devil: The Possession and Exorcism of Five Contemporary Americans. Harper San Francisco. Appendex one "The Roman Ritual Of Exorcism" p. 459 ISBN 006065337x
  7. ^ "Concerning Exorcism", Book of Occasional Services, Church Publishing.
  8. ^ Methodist Conference Statement on Exorcism-1976. Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
  9. ^ Peck M. MD(1983)People of the Lie: the Hope for Healing Human Evil. Touchstone: New York
  10. ^ Poloma M. (1982) The Charismatic Movement: is there a new Pentecost? p97 Isbn. 0805797211
  11. ^ Cuneo M. (2001) American Exorcism: Expelling Demons in the Land of Plenty. Doubleday: New York. pp. 111-128 isbn. 0385501765
  12. ^ Poloma M. (1982) The Charismatic Movement: is there a new Pentecost? p60 isbn:0805797211
  13. ^ Cuneo M. (2001) American Exorcism: Expelling Demons in the Land of Plenty. Doubleday: New York. pp. 118-119 Isbn: 0385501765
  14. ^ Amorth G. (1990) An Exorcist Tells His Story. tns. MacKenzie N. Ignatius Press: San Francisco. pp157-160 isbn. 0898707102
  15. ^ Operation Clambake Presents: OT Levels
  16. ^ Dali's gift to exorcist uncovered Catholic News 14 Oct. 2005
  17. ^ Dali's gift to exorcist uncovered Catholic News 14 Oct. 2005
  18. ^ Part I - The Haunted Boy: the Inspiration for the Exorcist
  19. ^ St. Louis - News - Hell of a House
  20. ^ Part I - The Haunted Boy: the Inspiration for the Exorcist
  21. ^ How Exorcism Works
  22. ^ J. Goodwin, S. Hill, R. Attias "Historical and folk techniques of exorcism: applications to the treatment of dissociative disorders"
  23. ^ Journal of Personality Assessment (abstract)
  24. ^ Microsoft Word - Haraldur Erlendsson 1.6.03 Multiple Personality
  25. ^ Voice of Reason: Exorcisms, Fictional and Fatal
  26. ^ How Exorcism Works
  27. ^ The British Journal of Psychiatry (abstract)
  28. ^ Nun Dies After Convent Exorcism, Romanian, 23, Was Gagged, Tied To Cross, And Left There For 3 Days - CBS News
  29. ^ Crucified nun died of 'adrenalin overdose'
  30. ^ http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/07/29/ap/national/main3108588.shtml?source=search_story
  31. ^ >>http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/07/29/exorcism.death.ap/index.html
  32. ^ Human torch dad devastated by daughter’s death - News - The Asian News
  33. ^ 14-year-old nearly died in exorcism - New Zealand news on Stuff.co.nz
  34. ^ Autopsy shows suffocation in 'exorcism' death
  35. ^ Husband claims exorcism in wife's death

Resources

External links

Max Heindel - born Carl Louis von Grasshoff in Aarhus, Denmark on July 23, 1865 - was a Christian Occultist, The Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America, headquarted in New York City is an Eparchy of the Church of Constantinople. The word orthodox, from Greek orthodoxos "having the right opinion" from orthos ("right true straight" + doxa ("opinion

Dictionary

exorcism

-noun

  1. the ritual act of driving out supposed evil spirits from persons, places or things who are possessed by them.
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