An exit number is a number assigned to a road junction, usually an exit from a freeway. A road junction is a location where vehicular Traffic going in different directions can proceed in a controlled manner designed to minimize accidents It is usually marked on the same sign as the destinations of the exit, as well as a sign in the gore. A gore, gore point, or gore zone is a triangular piece of land found where Roads merge or split
Exit numbers typically reset at political borders such as state lines. A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government [1]
Some non-freeways use exit numbers. Typically these are rural roads built to expressway standards, and either only the actual exits are numbered, or the at-grade intersections are also numbered. An expressway is a Divided highway for high-speed traffic with at least partial Control of access. An extreme case of this is in New York City, where the Grand Boulevard and Concourse and Linden Boulevard were given sequential numbers, one per intersection. The City of New York The Grand Boulevard and Concourse (almost universally referred to as the Grand Concourse) is likely the most famous street in the borough of The Bronx in Linden Boulevard is a boulevard in New York City. It starts off at Flatbush Avenue in Brooklyn and stretches through both Brooklyn and Queens A milder version of this has been recently used on the West Side Highway, also in New York, where only the major intersections are numbered (possibly to match the planned exits on the cancelled Westway freeway). The West Side Highway (officially the Joe DiMaggio Highway, formerly the Miller Highway or West Side Elevated Highway) is a mostly-surface section of For other uses of the term Westway see Westway Westway was the name of a proposed project to put New York City 's West Side Highway underground Another case is the Nanaimo Parkway in Nanaimo, British Columbia carrying Highway 19, where all exits are numbered though all except one are at-grade intersections. Highway 19, known locally as the Island Highway, is the main north-south thoroughfare on Vancouver Island north of Nanaimo. Some other intersections on Highway 19 outside Nanaimo are also given numbers.
As a means of educating motorists, some state highway maps include a brief explanation of the exit numbering system on an inset. State highway, state road or state route can refer to one of three related concepts two of them related to a State government in a country that is divided Iowa DOT maps from the 1980s and 1990s included a picture or drawing of a milepost and briefly described how Iowa had included milepost references near interchanges on the map. The Iowa Department of Transportation ( Iowa DOT) is a state government organization in charge of maintaining public roadways of the U
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Sequential numbers
The first exit numbers were sequential. In Mathematics, a sequence is an ordered list of objects (or events This type of exit numbers usually begins with exit 1 at the beginning of the road; each subsequent exit is given the next number. The first implementations gave each ramp its own number, even when two ramps existed for two directions of a road; later implementations used directional suffixes, as in 15N/15S or 15E/15W, and current U.S. and Canadian practice is to use 15A/15B. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page In France and Japan, decimals are used, as in 15. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. 1 and 15. 2.
Toll roads, especially those using tickets, lend themselves nicely to sequential numbering, as each toll plaza gets its own number. A toll road, (also known as a tollway, turnpike, pike, or toll highway, especially if it is constructed to Freeway standards Problems arise when exits are added. For instance, an exit between 15 and 16 would typically be 15A. On the New York State Thruway, an exit was added between 21 and 21A, leading to the sequence 21 - 21B - 21A - 22. The New York State Thruway (officially the Governor Thomas E Dewey Thruway) is a limited-access toll Highway in the U In Florida, some new exits got the suffix C, so that if it had or acquired separate exits for the two directions, they would be 15CA and 15CB rather than 15AA and 15AB. Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the There are also occurrences of this happening on the New Jersey Turnpike as well, with the original interchanges opening in 1951, with some new ones opening in the 1970s and 1982. On the Baltimore Beltway, there is an exit 12B and C: MD 372, but an exit 12A: US 1. Interstate 695 (abbreviated I-695) is a -long full beltway Interstate highway extending around Baltimore Maryland, USA. Maryland Route 372, better known as Wilkens Avenue, is a major road in Baltimore Maryland and its suburbs US Route 1 (US 1 is a major north-south US Highway that serves the East Coast of the United States. There is also an exit 8A: I-895 and an exit 8: MD 168. Maryland Route 168, better known as Nursery Road, is a road in Anne Arundel County Maryland in the area of BWI Airport.
Occasionally sequential exits are renumbered due to added exits. For instance, the Hutchinson River Parkway in New York was renumbered so that its northernmost exit, 27, became 30. The Hutchinson River Parkway (also known as The Hutch) is an long Parkway in Downstate New York. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous However, the Merritt Parkway, which continued its exit numbers in Connecticut, was not renumbered, and the sequence now jumps from 30 down to 27 (the interchange on the state line had two exit 27s, and now has exits 30 and 27). The Merritt Parkway is a limited-access Parkway in Fairfield County Connecticut. Connecticut ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America.
The Atlantic City-Brigantine Connector in Atlantic City, New Jersey uses letters without numbers for its exits; it has many exits in a short distance, and the South Jersey Transportation Authority may have wanted to avoid sequential numbers. The Atlantic City–Brigantine Connector, also known as the Atlantic City Expressway Connector or simply the Brigantine Connector, is a highway connector The South Jersey Transportation Authority (SJTA is a quasi-private agency created by the New Jersey Legislature in 1991 to manage transportation-related services in the six
Distance-based numbers
As more highways were built, the limitations of sequential numbering became clear, and states began to experiment with distance-based (mile-based) exit numbers. Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk Autoroute 35 (or A-35, also called Autoroute de la Vallée-des-Forts) is a north-south Autoroute in southern Quebec. Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk Distance is a numerical description of how far apart objects are The first mile-based system known was implemented on the Garden State Parkway in New Jersey in the late 1950s. Michigan also implemented mile-based junction numbers on Interstate 94 in the 1960s. In this system, the number of miles from the beginning of the highway to the exit is used for the exit number. If two exits would end up with the same number, the numbers are sometimes modified slightly; this is often impossible and exits are given sequential or directional suffixes, just as with sequential numbers.
An exit can be numbered by where the exit in the direction of increased mileage leaves the freeway, or by where the road that the exit serves crosses the freeway (which is occasionally ambiguous). From this number, the integer exit number can be determined by rounding up, rounding down, or rounding to the nearest integer. The integers (from the Latin integer, literally "untouched" hence "whole" the word entire comes from the same origin but via French Many jurisdictions prefer to avoid an exit 0. There are several places with a Highway interchange labeled as Exit 0 ( zero) To this end, the numbers are either rounded up to get the exit number, or any exit that would get the number 0 is instead numbered 1. Examples of highways with an exit 0 are British Columbia Highway 1 on the mainland, Interstate 70 in Wheeling, West Virginia along the West Virginia-Ohio border, Interstate 90 on the Montana side of the Idaho-Montana border, and Interstate 65 in two locations: at its terminus with Interstate 10 in Mobile, Alabama, and just north of the Ohio River in Jeffersonville, Indiana. Highway 1 is the British Columbia section of the Trans-Canada Highway. Interstate 70 (I-70 is an Interstate highway in the United States that runs from Interstate 15 near Cove Fort Utah, to a Park and Ride Wheeling is a city in West Virginia, in the United States. Most of the city is in Ohio County, with a small West Virginia ( is a state in the Appalachian Upland South, and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, bordered by Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads Interstate 90 (I-90 is the longest interstate highway in the United States at nearly 3100 miles (5000 kilometers The State of Idaho ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States of America. Montana ( is a state in the Western United States. One-third of the state in the western part contains numerous mountain ranges (approximately 77 named of the northern Interstate 65 (I-65 is a major Interstate Highway in the United States. Interstate 10 ( I-10) is the southernmost east-west coast-to-coast Interstate highway in the United States. The Ohio River is the largest Tributary by volume of the Mississippi River. Jeffersonville (ˈdʒɛfɚsənˌvɪl is a city in Clark County, Indiana, along the Ohio River.
In areas that use the metric system, distance-based numbers are by kilometer rather than mile. The metric system is a decimalised system of measurement. It exists in several variations with different choices of base units, though the choice of base units does A few highways, such as Delaware Route 1 and Interstate 19, have been renumbered from miles to kilometers, even in areas that typically use miles. Delaware Route 1 is a 10302 mile (16579 km long four-to-six lane highway going from the Maryland - Delaware State line on the eastern Atlantic shoreline Interstate 19 (I-19 is an intrastate Interstate highway located entirely within the state of Arizona.
Distance-based numbers have several advantages. They match the mileposts along the road; it is thus easy to calculate how far one has to go. Additionally, most new exits don't need letter suffixes, as in a sequential system.
On the other hand, there are some disadvantages to changing from a sequential system. Suffixes are required when the same mile of highway contains multiple exits; the extreme example is along Interstate 70 in Kansas City, Missouri, where there are 23 exits in the same mile, numbered 2A through 2Y (the I and O suffixes are skipped because of their resemblance to 1 and 0 respectively). Interstate 70 (I-70 is an Interstate highway in the United States that runs from Interstate 15 near Cove Fort Utah, to a Park and Ride Kansas City Missouri only Items for the metro area Kansas City Kansas or North Kansas City MO should go on their respective pages Businesses and motorists have to adapt to the changes, and it costs money to replace the signs (as well as for temporary "old exit" tabs to ease the transition). Additionally, some argue that it is pointless to change to mile-based numbers, as the numbers would have to be replaced again if the U.S. switches to the metric system. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The metric system is a decimalised system of measurement. It exists in several variations with different choices of base units, though the choice of base units does Ontario's Highway 401 changed to a mile-based system from a sequential system of exit numbers, then had to switch again to a kilometre-based system when Canada metricized in 1977. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Metrication (or metrification refers to the introduction of the SI metric system as the International standard for physical measurements—a long-term series Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays
Exit numbers by country
Australia
Uses distance based numbering on a section of the M1 (Pacific Motorway) south of Brisbane. Exit numbering is being considered on other freeways across the country.
The Australian Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices (AS 1742) requires exit numbers to be green text on a white background, and for exits to be numbered sequentially rather than distance-based.
British Isles and Continental Europe
Most European countries use sequential numbering schemes. Spain uses distance based numbering on its Autovias, but not on its Autopistas. Austria and the Czech Republic use distance-based schemes. A number of European countries (including the Netherlands, Belgium and France) do not number motorway intersections, apparently because one cannot "exit" the motorway there. Countries like Germany and Switzerland have attributed numbers to their exit, but instead of the usual exit symbol, they are given a specific interchange symbol.
Italy only uses (sequential) numbering on the ring roads of a couple of cities, including the ring road of Rome (GRA) and Milan (Tangenziali). At one time, it referred to junctions on the Autostrada Del Sole by number, and published same on toll tickets; though these may not have been posted on signs.
Both the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland use sequential numbering systems, with the junction number indicated by a white number in a black square in the corner of signs. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. In the United Kingdom they are frequently referenced in the media as the number with "J" on front of it, with for example Junction 1 being referred to as "J1". The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located If a junction is newly constructed to between two existing junctions, it is normally allocated the number of the lower of the two junctions, with the letter "A" attached (and so on). For example, a new junction opened between junctions 3 and 4 would become Junction 3A.
In the Republic of Ireland, junction numbers have existed since the opening of the first section of the M50 motorway in 1990, however due to the short length of Irish motorways until the early 2000s they were normally ignored by the general public. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) They are beginning to come into popular usage now, and since 2005 have been given greater prominence on road signs. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. With the development of the inter-urban motorway network under the National Development Plan and Transport 21, the National Roads Authority has adopted a numbering scheme for the inter-urban roads that will see Junction 1 being designated as that road's junction with the M50 in most cases. National Development Plan ( NDP, Plean Forbartha Náisiúnta is the title given by the Irish Government to a scheme of organised large-scale expenditure on (mainly Transport 21 is an Irish Infrastructure plan announced on 1 November 2005 in Dublin Castle by the then Irish Minister for The National Roads Authority ( NRA) (An tÚdarás urn Bóithre Náisiúnta is a state body in Ireland, responsible for the national road network This has meant renumbering of existing junctions on some motorways, most notably the M7 motorway. Non-motorway dual carriageways forming part of major inter-urban roads also have junction numbers, however only grade-separated interchanges are numbered.
Canada
Of all the provinces in Canada, only two use sequential numbers: Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador. Nova Scotia (ˌnəʊvəˈskəʊʃə ( Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh Nouvelle-Écosse is a Canadian province located on Canada 's Newfoundland and Labrador (ˈnuːfɨn(dlənd ən(d ˈlæbrəˌdɔr (Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador is a province of Canada, the tenth and latest to join the Confederation The territories of Yukon, Nunavut, and Northwest Territories use no exit numbers, as there are no freeways or expressways in the territories. Yukon (ˈjuːkɒn is the westernmost and smallest of Canada's three territories. Nunavut (ˈnuːnəvʊt ( Inuktitut syllabics: ᓄᓇᕗᑦ is the largest and newest territory of Canada; it was separated officially from the The Northwest Territories (ˌnɔrθˌwɛstˈtɛrɨtɔriz ( NWT or NT; French, les Territoires du Nord-Ouest) is a territory An expressway is a Divided highway for high-speed traffic with at least partial Control of access. Prince Edward Island has no exit numbers either, since it only has a few short freeway segments. Prince Edward Island (ˌprɪns ˌɛdwɚd ˈaɪlɨnd ( PEI or P Nova Scotia also numbers level junctions on designated express highways.
New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Alberta and British Columbia used kilometre-based exit numbers on most expressways in those provinces. New Brunswick ( French: Nouveau-Brunswick /nuvobʁɔnzwik/ is one of Canada 's three Maritime provinces and is the only constitutionally Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Alberta (ælˈbɝtə is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1 1905 British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C
- Saskatchewan does not really use exit numbers, but on a section of Highway 11 from Regina to Lumsden, letters "A", "B", and "C" are used as "exit letters". Saskatchewan (səˈskætʃəwən) is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of 588276 Highway 11 in Saskatchewan, Canada connects the province's three largest cities Regina, Saskatoon and Prince Albert. Regina (rɨˈdʒaɪnə is the capital of Saskatchewan, Canada. Lumsden is a Town in the Qu'Appelle Valley in south central Saskatchewan, Canada, 31 km northwest of Regina.
- Ontario has the oldest exit number system, having started posting exit numbers sequentially in the 1960s along Highway 401. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 Most short freeways do not have exit numbers, and until about 2000 (with Highways 11 and 69/400), incomplete freeways also did not have exit numbers. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Highway 11 is one of the longest of Ontario 's King's Highways with a current length ( As of 2004) of 1780 Kilometres (1106 mi) Highway 69 is a major north-south highway in Central and Northern Ontario, linking Sudbury with Highway 400 in Parry Sound. The King's Highway 400, more commonly known as Highway 400 or the 400, is a key north-south 400-Series Highway in the Canadian province of
- Quebec has the second oldest system, and the only junction numbering system to use mile-based junction numbering before the Canadian metric conversion in the mid-1970s. Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970.
- Manitoba has the fewest posted exit numbers. Manitoba (English ˌmænɨˈtoʊbə French /manitoba/ is a province of Canada, spanning 647797 square kilometres (250116 sq mi of North America The province started posting exit numbers on the Perimeter Highway in 2001. Provincial Trunk Highways (PTH 100 and 101 (locally known as the Perimeter Highway) is a Beltway around Winnipeg Manitoba. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar.
- Alberta has the newest exit number system. Alberta (ælˈbɝtə is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1 1905 The province started posting exit numbers on Highway 2 in 2004, and has since extended the system to Highway 1. Highway 2 is the most important provincial Highway in the Canadian province of Alberta. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Highway 1 is southern Alberta 's primary east-west highway It is 522 km (324 miles long in Alberta
Hong Kong
- Further information: Hong Kong Strategic Route and Exit Number System
Exit numbers were introduced to major Hong Kong routes in 2004, in conjunction with the re-organization of the route numbers. The Hong Kong Strategic Route and Exit Number System ( Traditional Chinese: 香港主要幹線及出口編號系統 is a system adopted by the Transport Department Kai Tak Tunnel ( formerly known as the Airport Tunnel (機場隧道 is a tunnel in New Kowloon, Hong Kong, which connects the Kowloon Bay Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders A sequential numbering scheme is used.
Japan
The main expressway system uses sequential numbering; Metropolitan Expressway systems also use sequential junction numbeing, usually appended with the expressway number expressed thusly: 5-1; 5-2, etc. There are multiple toll expressways not operated by the major national syndicates or the Metropolitan Expressway Authorities that have no junction numbering scheme.
New Zealand
New Zealand began introducing exit numbers in 2005. It uses a distance-based numbering system. The distance to the exit is measured from the origin of the highway. That is:
- State Highway 1 (Northern motorway) measured from the origin of SH1 at Cape Reinga
- State Highway 16 (Northwestern Motorway) measured from the origin at the Port
- State Highway 20 (Southwestern Motorway) measured from the origin at SH1
There is no exit zero. Cape Reinga ( Te Reinga or Te Rerenga Wairua in Māori) Suitable vehicles can travel much of the way via Ninety Mile Beach and Te Paki If there is an exit within 1. 499 km of the origin, Exit 1 is used. Exit 2 would be between 1. 500 and 2. 499 km of the origin. Subsequent 'exit zones' are at 1km intervals.
Letter suffixes are added at multi-exit interchanges, or where two or more exits exist within the same exit zone. For example, State Highway 1 (Southern Motorway) has an Exit 429A (Symonds St), Exit 429B (Wellesley St) and Exit 429C (Port).
Instead of replacing existing ramp and link signs, the exit numbers were added as supplementary information. Thus drivers can navigate either by exit number or name.
Exit numbers are only used for exits that may be used by all vehicle types. Bus- or emergency vehicle-only exits would not be numbered.
The Philippines
Metric distance based numbers are used on the tollways radiating from Manila. Supplemental "A" and "B" designations are appended to signage at the ends of slip roads. Freeway signage, exit tabs, and kilometer-posts are nearly identical in appearance to American freeway signage.
South Africa
Uses distance based numbering (in kilometers) on main motorways. Letter suffixes are added at multi-exit interchanges, an example being the Buccleuch interchange in Johannesburg. Johannesburg ( Pronounced /jō-hān'ĭs-bûrg'/ is the largest city in South Africa.
Exit numbers are reset on the borders of the provinces as they were until 1994. This means that exit numbering may change in the middle of a province.
One exception to the usual distance based numbering is the southern portion of the M4 in Durban, which uses sequential numbering. Durban (eThekwini is the third most populous city in South Africa, forming part of the EThekwini metropolitan municipality.
Taiwan
Taiwan uses distance-based exit numbers in kilometers. Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. If two exits are located within the same kilometer mark, the Roman letters are appended to differentiate the exits. Taiwan did experiment with sequential exit numbers with National Freeway No. 1 for a couple of years, but abandoned the experiment in 2004.
Prior to 2006, Taiwan exit signs were generally near replicas of their US counterparts. However, the exit signs now not only indicate the distance number, but they also display the Chinese code-name for the interchange.
United States
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For more details on this topic, see Exit numbers in the United States. See also Exit number An exit number is a number assigned to a Road junction, usually an exit from a Freeway.
References
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