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For other senses of this word, see exile (disambiguation).
For the film, see Exiled. Exiled ( is a 2006 Hong Kong action crime drama Film produced and directed by Johnnie To
Dante in exile, by an anonymous artist
Dante in exile, by an anonymous artist

Exile can be a form of punishment. Punishment is the practice of imposing something unpleasant or aversive on a person or animal usually in response to disobedient or morally wrong behavior [1] It means to be away from one's home (i. e. city, state or country) while either being explicitly refused permission to return and/or being threatened by prison or death upon return. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status A state is a political association with effective Sovereignty over a geographic Area and representing a Population. In Political geography and International politics, a country is a Political division of a geographical entity A prison, penitentiary, or correctional facility is a place in which individuals are physically confined or interned and usually deprived of a range of Capital punishment, the death penalty or execution, is the Killing of a person by judicial process as Punishment.

It is common to distinguish between internal exile, i. e. , forced resettlement within the country of residence, and external exile, deportation outside the country of residence. In Political geography and International politics, a country is a Political division of a geographical entity Deportation, not to be confused with Extradition, generally means the expulsion of someone from a place or Country.

Exile can also be a self-imposed departure from one's homeland. Self-exile is often practiced as form of protest or to avoid persecution.

Contents

Personal Exile

Prince Menshikov in Beryozovo, Siberia
Prince Menshikov in Beryozovo, Siberia

Exile was used particularly for political opponents of those in power. Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov (Александр Данилович Меншиков (1673 &ndash 1729 was a Russian statesman whose official titles included Generalissimo Beryozovo (Берёзово is an Urban-type settlement and the administrative center of Beryozovsky District of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug The use of exile for political purposes can sometimes be useful for the government because it prevents the exilee from organizing in their native land or from becoming a martyr. The term martyr ( Greek μάρτυς martys "witness" is most commonly used today to describe an individual who sacrifices their life (or personal freedom People feared exile and banishment so much because it effectively meant that they were going to die. In European history, at a time prior to Roman invasion, people lived completely co-dependently in farm towns where everyone had a function. Exile represented a severe punishment, particularly for those, like Ovid or Du Fu, exiled to strange or backward regions, cut off from all of the possibilities of life as well as their families and associates. Publius Ovidius Naso ( March 20, 43 BC – 17 AD was a Roman poet known to the English -speaking world as Ovid who wrote on many topics including Du Fu ( 712–770 was a prominent Chinese poet of the Tang Dynasty. Dante describes the pain of exile in The Divine Comedy:

«. The Divine Comedy . . Tu lascerai ogne cosa diletta
più caramente; e questo è quello strale
che l'arco de lo essilio pria saetta.
Tu proverai sì come sa di sale
lo pane altrui, e come è duro calle
lo scendere e 'l salir per l'altrui scale . . . »
". . . You will leave everything you love most:
this is the arrow that the bow of exile
shoots first. You will know how salty
another's bread tastes and how hard it
is to ascend and descend
another's stairs . . . "
Paradiso XVII: 55-60

Exile has been softened, to some extent, in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, as exiles have received welcome in other countries and have either created new communities within those countries or, less frequently, returned to their homelands following the demise of the regime that exiled them. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The twentieth century of the Common Era began on A homeland (rel Country of origin and native land) is the concept of the territory ( Cultural geography) to which an Ethnic group

Government In Exile

Main article: Government in exile

During a foreign occupation or after a coup d'etat, a government in exile of a such afflicted country may be established abroad. A government in exile is a political group that claims to be a country's legitimate government but for various reasons is unable to exercise its legal power and instead resides in a foreign Belligerent military occupation occurs when the control and authority over a territory passes to a hostile army. One of the most well-known instances of this is the Central Tibetan Administration of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, a government in exile led by the Dalai Lama in India, claiming to be the legitimate ruler of the historical Tibet‎. The Central Tibetan Administration (CTA officially the Central Tibetan Administration of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, is a Government in exile headed by Tenzin The Dalai Lama is the spiritual and political leader of the Tibetan people according to Tibetan Buddhism. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country A ruler, or rule, is an instrument used in Geometry, Technical drawing and engineering/building to measure distances and/or to rule straight Definitions of Tibet See also Definitions of Tibet Name In English The English word Tibet, like the word for Tibet in most European

Nation In Exile

Main articles: Diaspora and Refugee

When large groups, or occasionally a whole people or nation is exiled, it can be said that this nation is in exile, or Diaspora. The term Diaspora (in Greek, διασπορά &ndash " a scattering or sowing of seeds " refers any population sharing common ethnic According to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a refugee is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race The term Diaspora (in Greek, διασπορά &ndash " a scattering or sowing of seeds " refers any population sharing common ethnic Nations that have been in exile for substantial periods include the Jews, who were deported by Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon in 597 BC and again in the years following the destruction of the second Temple in Jerusalem in the year AD 70. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Nebuchadrezzar II, more often called Nebuchadnezzar (c 630-562 BC was a ruler of Babylon in the Chaldean Dynasty, who reigned c Etymology The Hebrew name given in Scripture for the building is Beit HaMikdash or "The Holy House" and only the Temple in Jerusalem is referred to by this name After the partitions of Poland in the late 18th century, and following the uprisings (like Kosciuszko Uprising, November Uprising and January Uprising) against the partitioning powers (Russian Empire, Prussia and Austro-Hungary), many Poles have chosen - or been forced - into exile, forming large diasporas (known as Polonia), especially in France and the United States. The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the The Kościuszko Uprising was an uprising led by Tadeusz Kościuszko in Poland and Lithuania in 1794 The November Uprising (1830&ndash1831&mdashalso known as the Cadet Revolution &mdashwas an armed rebellion against the rule of the Russian Empire in Poland The January Uprising ( Polish: powstanie styczniowe, Lithuanian: 1863 m The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state Polonia, the name for Poland in Latin and many Romance and other languages refers in modern Polish to the Polish Diaspora The entire population of Crimean Tatars (200,000) that remained in their homeland Crimea was exiled on 18 May 1944 to Central Asia as a form of ethnic cleansing and collective punishment on false accusations. Crimean Tatars (sg Qırımtatar, pl Qırımtatarlar) or Crimeans (sg Crimea (kraɪˈmiːə or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Крим Автономна Республіка Крим Avtonomna Respublika Krym; Крым Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south Ethnic cleansing is a Euphemism referring to the persecution through imprisonment expulsion or killing of members of an ethnic minority by a majority to achieve ethnic homogeneity Collective punishment is the Punishment of a group of people as a result of the behaviour of one or more other individuals or groups At Diego Garcia, between 1967 and 1973 the British Government forcibly removed some 2,000 Chagossian resident islanders to make way for a military base today jointly operated by the US and UK. Diego Garcia is the largest Atoll, in terms of land area in Chagos Archipelago, part of the British Indian Ocean Territory. Her Majesty's Government, or when the monarch is male His Majesty's Government, is the title used by the Government of the United Kingdom, based at Chagossians (also known as Ilois and Chagos Islanders) are a group of Creole -speaking people Etymology The word bases is first recorded in English language from c The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located

Tax Exile

Main article: Tax exile

A wealthy citizen who departs from a former abode for a lower tax jurisdiction (a "tax haven") in order to reduce his/her tax burden is termed a tax exile. A tax exile is one who chooses to leave a country and instead to reside in a foreign nation or jurisdiction because personal Taxes there are appreciably lower or even nil A tax haven is a place where certain Taxes are levied at a low rate or not at all

Notable People Who Have Been In Exile

Fictional Characters In Exile

See also

References

  1. ^ Hobbes, Thomas (1886). A ban (derived from Banishment) is generally any Decree that prohibits something Ostracism ( ostrakismos) was a procedure under the Athenian democracy in which a prominent Citizen could be expelled from the City-state Transportation or penal transportation refers to the deporting of Convicted Criminals to a Penal colony, for example by France According to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a refugee is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race Right of asylum (or political asylum) is an ancient Judicial notion under which a person persecuted for political opinions or religious beliefs in his Scouts-in-Exile, also referred to as Scouts-in-Exteris, are Scouting and Guiding groups formed outside of their native country as a result of war and Leviathan; Or, The Matter, Form and Power of a Commonwealth, Ecclesiastical and Civil. George Routledge and Sons, Page 145.  

Dictionary

exile

-noun

  1. The state of being banished from one's home or country.
  2. Someone who is banished from one's home or country.

-verb

  1. To send into exile.
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