Exhaust gas is flue gas which occurs as a result of the combustion of fuels such as natural gas, gasoline/petrol, diesel, fuel oil or coal. Flue gas is Gas that exits to the atmosphere via a Flue, which is a pipe or channel for conveying exhaust gases from a fireplace oven Furnace, Boiler Combustion or burning is a complex sequence of Exothermic chemical reactions between a Fuel and an Oxidant accompanied by the production of Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane, Diesel or Diesel fuel (ˈdiːzəl in general is any Fuel used in Diesel engines The most common is a specific fractional distillate of petroleum Fuel oil is a fraction obtained from Petroleum Distillation, either as a distillate or a residue It is discharged into the atmosphere through an exhaust pipe or flue gas stack. An exhaust system is usually tubing used to guide waste Exhaust gases away from a controlled Combustion inside an Engine or Stove. A flue gas stack is a type of Chimney, a vertical pipe channel or similar structure through which Combustion product gases called Flue gases are exhausted

Contents 1 Composition 2 Types 2.1 Spark-ignition engines 2.2 Diesel engines 2.3 Gas-turbine engines and jet engines 2.4 From burning coal 2.5 Steam engines 2.6 Others 3 Pollution reduction 4 See also 5 External links 6 References

Composition

Although the largest part of most combustion gases is relatively harmless nitrogen (N₂), water vapor (H₂O) (except with pure-carbon fuels), and carbon dioxide (CO₂) (except with hydrogen as fuel), a relatively small part of it is undesirable noxious or toxic substances, such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides (NO_x), partly unburnt fuel, and particulate matter. Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14 Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single Carbon monoxide, with the chemical formula CO is a colorless odorless tasteless yet highly toxic Gas. In Organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an Organic compound consisting entirely of Hydrogen and Carbon. The term nitrogen oxide typically refers to any Binary compound of Oxygen and Nitrogen, or to a mixture of such compounds Nitric Particulates, alternatively referred to as particulate matter (PM or fine particles, are tiny particles of solid or liquid suspended in a gas

Types

Spark-ignition engines

Main article: Automobile emissions control

Exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine whose fuel includes nitromethane, contains nitric acid vapour, which when inhaled causes a muscular reaction making it impossible to breathe, and people exposed to it should wear a gasmask. Automobile emissions control covers all the technologies that are employed to reduce the Air pollution -causing emissions produced by Automobiles Exhaust emissions Nitromethane is an Organic compound with the chemical formula CH3NO2 Nitric acid ( H[[nitrate NO3]] also known as Aqua fortis and spirit of nitre, is a highly corrosive and A gas mask is a Mask worn over the face to protect the wearer from inhaling airborne Pollutants and Toxic materials [1]

Diesel engines

Diesel Particulate Matter is the main article about diesel exhaust. Diesel particulate matter (DPM sometimes also called diesel exhaust particles (DEP is the particulate component of Diesel exhaust from older diesel cars

Here, conditions in the engine are different from in a spark-ignition engine, because power is controlled by controlling the fuel supply directly, not by controlling the air supply. As a result, when the engine is running at low power, there is enough oxygen present to burn the fuel, and diesel engines only make significant amounts of carbon monoxide when running under load. Carbon monoxide, with the chemical formula CO is a colorless odorless tasteless yet highly toxic Gas.

See:

• Automobile emissions control

Gas-turbine engines and jet engines

From burning coal

• Flue gas
• Flue gas emissions from fossil fuel combustion

Steam engines

In steam engine terminology the exhaust is steam that is now so low in pressure that it no longer can to do useful work. Automobile emissions control covers all the technologies that are employed to reduce the Air pollution -causing emissions produced by Automobiles Exhaust emissions Flue gas is Gas that exits to the atmosphere via a Flue, which is a pipe or channel for conveying exhaust gases from a fireplace oven Furnace, Boiler Flue gas emissions from fossil fuel combustion refers to the Combustion product gas resulting from the burning of Fossil fuels. A steam engine is a Heat engine that performs Mechanical work using Steam as its Working fluid.

Others

Pollution reduction

Emission standards focus on reducing pollutants contained in the exhaust gases from vehicles as well as from industrial flue gas stacks and other air pollution exhaust sources in various large-scale industrial facilities such as petroleum refineries, natural gas processing plants, petrochemical plants and chemical production plants. Emission standards are requirements that set specific limits to the amount of Pollutants that can be released into the environment Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability disorder harm or discomfort to the physical systems or living organisms they are in Air pollution is the human introduction into the atmosphere of Chemicals Particulate matter, or Biological materials that cause harm or discomfort An oil refinery is an industrial Process plant where Crude oil is processed and refined into more useful Petroleum products, such as Gasoline Petrochemicals are chemical products made from raw materials of Petroleum or other Hydrocarbon origin A chemical substance is a Material with a definite chemical composition. ^[1][2]

One of the advantages claimed for advanced steam technology engines is that that they produce smaller quantities of toxic pollutants (e. Advanced steam technology (sometimes known as Modern Steam) reflects an approach to the technical development of the Steam engine intended for a wider variety of applications g. oxides of nitrogen) than petrol and diesel engines of the same power. However, there is a downside – they produce larger quantities of carbon dioxide.

See also

• Alternative propulsion
• Catalytic converter
• Clean Air Act
• Combustion
• Emission standards
• Emission test cycle
• Global warming
• Greenhouse gas
• Philip Cooney

External links

• Health and Air Pollution Publication of the California Air Resources Board

• About diesel exhaust:
  • U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety & Health Administration: Safety and Health Topics: Diesel Exhaust
  • Partial List of Chemicals Associated with Diesel Exhaust
  • Diesel Exhaust Particulates: Reasonably Anticipated to Be A Human Carcinogen
  • Scientific Study of Harmful Effects of Diesel Exhaust: Acute Inflammatory Responses in the Airways and Peripheral Blood After Short-Term Exposure to Diesel Exhaust in Healthy Human Volunteers
  • Diesel exhaust: what you need to know

References

1. ^ EPA Plain English Guide to the Clean Air Act
2. ^ US EPA Publication AP 42, Fifth Edition, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors

Alternative propulsion is a term used frequently for Powertrain concepts differing from the Internal combustion engine concept used in only Petroleum fueled A catalytic converter (colloquially "cat" or "catcon" is a device used to reduce the toxicity of emissions from an Internal combustion engine. A Clean Air Act describes one of a number of pieces of legislation relating to the reduction of Smog and Air pollution in general Combustion or burning is a complex sequence of Exothermic chemical reactions between a Fuel and an Oxidant accompanied by the production of Emission standards are requirements that set specific limits to the amount of Pollutants that can be released into the environment An emission test cycle, also known as a smog check, is a specified procedure for measuring Pollutant emissions of engines Global warming is the increase in the average measured temperature of the Greenhouse gases are gaseous constituents of the atmosphere bothnatural and anthropogenic that absorb and emit radiation at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of thermal infrared Philip A Cooney (born July 16, 1959) is a former member of the administration of President George W The California Air Resources Board, also known as ( CARB) is the "clean air agency" in the Government of California.

---

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic