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For other uses, see Exeter (disambiguation).
City of Exeter
Exeter


Exeter Cathedral
Exeter (Devon)
Exeter

City of Exeter shown within Devon
Population 111,076[1]
OS grid reference SX918924
 - London 196 miles (315 km)
District Exeter
Shire county Devon
Region South West
Constituent country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town EXETER
Postcode district EX1-6
Dialling code 01392
Police Devon and Cornwall
Fire Devon and Somerset
Ambulance South Western
European Parliament South West England
UK Parliament Exeter
Website: http://www.exeter.gov.uk/
List of places: UK • England • Devon

Coordinates: 50°43′18″N 3°31′59″W / 50.72154, -3.53311

Exeter (pronunciation (help·info) (IPA ˈeksɪtər) is a city, district and county town of Devon, England. Devon is a large county in the South West of England. The county is also referred to as Devonshire, but that is an entirely unofficial name In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties are one of the four levels of Subdivisions of England used for the purposes of Local government outside Greater London Devon is a large county in the South West of England. The county is also referred to as Devonshire, but that is an entirely unofficial name The region, also known as the government office region, is currently the highest tier of local government sub-national entity of England, with only one South West England is one of the Regions of England. It is the largest such region in terms of area and extends from Gloucestershire and Wiltshire to Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland This list of sovereign states, alphabetically arranged gives an overview of States around the world with information on the extent of their Sovereignty. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system UK Postal codes are known as postcodes. UK postcodes are Alphanumeric. The EX postcode area, also known as the Exeter postcode area, is a group of postal districts around Axminster, Barnstaple, Beaworthy, Bideford The UK Telephone numbering plan, also known as the National Telephone Numbering Plan, is the system used for assigning Telephone numbers in the United There are a number of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom. Devon and Cornwall Constabulary is the Home Office Police force responsible for policing the counties of Devon and Cornwall in The fire service in the United Kingdom operates under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service is the statutory fire and rescue service or FRS, covering the counties of Devon and Somerset; it Divisions & Stations The trust is split into 2 divisions West - Devon and Cornwall including West Divisional HQ 999 and PTS Control at South West England is a Constituency of the European Parliament. This is a list of the 646 constituencies currently represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as at the 2005 general election Exeter is a Borough constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. A Gazetteer of place names in the United Kingdom showing each place's County, Unitary authority or council area and its geographical coordinates List of places --> List of cities in the United Kingdom List of towns in England Lists of places This is a list of settlements and places of interest in Devon, England. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. In the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, an urban district was a type of Local government district that covered an Urbanised area A county town is the 'capital' of a County in the United Kingdom or Republic of Ireland. Devon is a large county in the South West of England. The county is also referred to as Devonshire, but that is an entirely unofficial name England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Exeter is located approximately 37 miles (60 km) northeast of Plymouth, and 70 miles (110 km) southwest of Bristol, on the River Exe. Plymouth ( is a city and unitary authority area on the coast of Devon, England about south west of London. Bristol ( ˈbrɪstəl is a city, Unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, west of London The River Exe in England rises near the village of Simonsbath, on Exmoor in Somerset, near the Bristol Channel coast The city has a population of 111,076 according to the 2001 Census. A nationwide Census, commonly known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday 29 April 2001

Exeter has a long history, being founded by the Celts, and established by the Romans as Isca Dumnoniorum in 50 AD; it was the most south-westerly Roman fortified settlement in Britain. Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Isca Dumnoniorum was a town in the Roman province of Britannia. Roman Britain refers to those parts of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and 410 Exeter has been a city since time immemorial, and has an Anglican cathedral, the 1050 founded Exeter Cathedral. Time immemorial is a phrase meaning time extending beyond the reach of Memory, record or Tradition. Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs This article is about the history and organisation of the cathedral Exeter Cathedral is an Anglican Cathedral in the city of Exeter, Devon, in the southwest of England and

Tourism forms a vital part of the city's economy, and in 2004 Exeter was granted Fairtrade City status. Fairtrade (one word redirects here For the more general article on the fair trade movement see Fair trade (two words Exeter has been identified as one of the top ten most profitable locations for a business to be based, and has a sizable service economy, with a catchment workforce of 300,000 people within 45 minutes drive. [2] The city has good transport links, with the M5 motorway, Exeter Central railway station, Exeter St Davids railway station and Exeter International Airport connecting the city both nationally and internationally. This article is about the M5 motorway in England See M5 for other roads numbered "M5" Exeter Central railway station is the smaller of Exeter 's main Railway stations but is the more centrally located Exeter St Davids station is the most important of seven National Rail stations in the city of Exeter in southwest England. Exeter International Airport is an airport close to the city of Exeter in the County of Devon, England.

Contents

History

Roman times

Main article: Isca Dumnoniorum

The Latin name for Exeter, Isca Dumnoniorum ("Isca of the Dumnones"), suggests that the city was originally a Celtic oppidum, or town, on the banks on the River Exe prior to the foundation of the Roman city in about AD 50. Isca Dumnoniorum was a town in the Roman province of Britannia. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The Dumnonii or Dumnones were a Celtic tribe who inhabited the farther parts of the South West peninsula of Britain during the Iron Age and the Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts Oppidum (plural oppida) is a Latin word meaning the main settlement in any administrative area of Ancient Rome. The River Exe in England rises near the village of Simonsbath, on Exmoor in Somerset, near the Bristol Channel coast Roman Britain refers to those parts of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and 410 Such early towns, or proto-cities, had been a feature of pre-Roman Gaul as described by Julius Caesar in his Commentarii de Bello Gallico ("Commentaries on the Gallic Wars") and it is not improbable that they existed in neighbouring Great Britain as well. Commentarii de Bello Gallico is Julius Caesar 's third-person account of his nine years of war in Gaul. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands Isca is clearly a Celtic generic noun and the Romans felt the need to label the city Isca Dumnoniorum, or the Isca of the Dumnonii, in order to distinguish it from such settlements as Isca Augusta (modern Caerleon-on-Usk in Monmouthshire). The Celtic languages are descended from Proto-Celtic, or "Common Celtic" a branch of the greater Indo-European Language family. Isca Augusta (or Isca Silurum) was a Roman Legionary fortress and settlement, the remains of which lie beneath parts of the present-day Caerleon (Caerllion is a suburban village and community, situated on the River Usk in the northern outskirts of the city of Newport, South Monmouthshire, also known as the County of Monmouth (Sir Fynwy is one of thirteen ancient counties of Wales and a former administrative county

Isca Dumnoniorum was the most south-westerly Roman fortified settlement in England. Significant parts of the Roman wall remain, though the present visible structure was largely built on the orders of Alfred the Great to protect the far west of his kingdom following the Viking occupation of 876. Alfred the Great (also Ælfred from the Old English Ælfrēd ˈælfreːd (c Most of its route can be traced on foot. There is a substantial Roman baths complex that was excavated in the 1970s,[3][4] but because of its proximity to the cathedral, it has not been practicable to retain the excavation for public view. This page is on buildings used for Roman bathing For the activity in general see Ancient Roman bathing. Exeter was also the southern starting point for the Fosse Way Roman road. The Fosse Way was a Roman road in England that linked Exeter ( Isca Dumnoniorum) in South West England to Lincoln The Roman Roads were essential for the growth of the Roman Empire, by enabling the Romans to move armies and trade goods and to communicate news

Saxon times

In 876 Exeter (Exanceaster) was attacked and captured by the Danes. King Alfred drove them out the next year. In 894 the city stood off another siege by Danes. However, the city fell to the Danes a second time in 1001.

In 1067 the city rebelled against William the Conqueror who promptly marched West and laid siege. William I of England ( 1027 His reign which brought Norman culture to England had an enormous impact on the subsequent course of England in the Middle Ages The city submitted after only 18 days. Part of the capitulation agreement was that all the nobles in the city would be confirmed in their positions as long as a castle was built.

Medieval times

Exeter was held against King Stephen by Baldwin de Redvers in 1140 and submitted only after a three month siege when the supplies of fresh water ran out. Baldwin de Redvers 1st Earl of Devon (? – 4 June 1155) was the son of Richard de Redvers and his wife Adeline Peverel.

Tudor and Stuart times

Plaque on St Mary Steps Church commemorating the old West Gate and some of the military campaigns in which it featured
Plaque on St Mary Steps Church commemorating the old West Gate and some of the military campaigns in which it featured

In 1537, the city was made a county corporate. A county corporate or corporate county was a form of Local government in England, Ireland and Wales. In 1549 the city successfully withstood a month-long siege by the Prayer Book rebels. The Prayer Book Rebellion, Western Rising or Western Rebellion was a popular revolt in Cornwall and Devon, in 1549 The Livery Dole Almshouses and Chapel at Heavitree were founded in March 1591 and finished in 1594. Almshouses are charitable Housing provided to enable people (typically elderly people who can no longer work to earn enough to pay A chapel is a holy place or area of Worship for Christians, which may be attached to an institution such as a large church, a College, a Heavitree is a district of Exeter, Devon, England, and currently one of the wards for elections to the City Council. They can still be seen today in the street which bears the name Livery Dole.

The city's motto, Semper fidelis, is traditionally held to have been suggested by Elizabeth I, in acknowledgement of the city's contribution of ships for the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588. " Semper Fidelis " is Latin for "Always faithful" Best known to Americans as the motto of the United States Marine Corps (often " The Spanish Armada ( Spanish: Grande y Felicísima Armada, "Great and Most Fortunate Navy" or Armada Invencible, "Invincible [5]

Exeter was at first a Parliamentary town in the English Civil War in the largely Royalist South West, but it was captured by the Royalists on 4 September 1643 and it remained in their control until near the end of the war, being one of the final Royalist cities to fall into Parliamentary hands. A parliamentary system, also known as parliamentarianism (and parliamentarism in American English) is a System of government in which The English Civil War (1642-1651 was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. Cavalier was the name used by Parliamentarians for a Royalist supporter of King Charles I during the English Civil War ( 1642 &ndash 1651 Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself During this period, Exeter was an economically powerful city, with a strong trade of wool. Wool is the fiber derived from the specialized skin cells called follicles of animals in the Caprinae family principally sheep, but the hair of certain species This was partly due to the surrounding area which was "more fertile and better inhabited than that passed over the preceding day" according to Count Lorenzo Magalotti who visited the city when he was 26 years old. [6] Magalotti writes of over thirty thousand people being employed in the county of Devon as part of the wool and cloth industries, merchanise that was sold to "the West Indies, Spain, France and Italy". [7] Celia Fiennes also visited Exeter during this period, in the early 1700s. She remarked on the "vast trade" and "incredible quantity" in Exeter, recording that "it turns the most money in a week of anything in England", between £10,000—£15,000. [8]

Georgian and Victorian times

Early in the English industrial revolution, Exeter's industry developed on the basis of locally available agricultural products and, since the city's location on a fast-flowing river gave it ready access to water power, an early industrial site developed on drained marshland to the west of the city, at Exe Island. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the Hydropower, hydraulic power or water power is power that is derived from the Force or Energy of moving water which may Exe Island was the early industrial area of Exeter, England, and was an area of marshland between the city walls and the river Exe, reclaimed by the construction However when steam power replaced water in the nineteenth century, Exeter was too far from sources of coal (or iron) to develop further. A steam engine is a Heat engine that performs Mechanical work using Steam as its Working fluid. As a result the city declined in relative importance, and was spared the rapid nineteenth century development that changed many historic European cities. Extensive canal redevelopments during this period further expanded Exeter's economy, with "vessels of 15 to 16 tons burthen [bringing] up goods and merchandise from Topsham to the City quay". [9]

The first railway to arrive in Exeter was the Bristol and Exeter Railway that opened a station at St Davids, on the western edge, in 1844. The Bristol & Exeter Railway was a railway company formed to connect Bristol and Exeter. Exeter St Davids station is the most important of seven National Rail stations in the city of Exeter in southwest England. The South Devon Railway Company extended the line westwards to Plymouth, opening their own smaller station at St Thomas, near the lower end of Fore Street. The South Devon Railway Company built and operated the Railway from Exeter to Plymouth and Torquay in Devon, England Exeter St Thomas railway station is a suburban Railway station in Exeter. A more central station, that at Queen Street, was opened by the London and South Western Railway in 1860 when it opened its alternative route to London. Exeter Central railway station is the smaller of Exeter 's main Railway stations but is the more centrally located The London and South Western Railway (L&SWR was a Railway company in England from 1838 to 1922 London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom.

Wartime and post-war times

Two people cannot easily pass in Parliament Street, the narrowest street in the world.
Two people cannot easily pass in Parliament Street, the narrowest street in the world. Parliament Street is a 50m long street in Exeter, England, which links the High Street to Waterbeer Lane and dates from the 14th century

Exeter was bombed by the German Luftwaffe in the Second World War, when a total of 18 raids between 1940 and 1942 flattened much of the city centre. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including In 1942, as part of the Baedeker Blitz and specifically in response to the RAF bombing of Lubeck, forty acres (160,000 m²) of the city, particularly adjacent to its central High Street and Sidwell Street, were levelled by incendiary bombing. TemplateLocation_map_many/doc -->The Baedeker Blitz or Baedeker raids were a series of Vergeltungsangriffe ("retaliatory raids" by the Lübeck ( is the second largest City in Schleswig-Holstein, in Northern Germany, and one of the major The acre is a unit of Area in a number of different systems including the imperial and U Incendiary devices or incendiary bombs are Bombs designed to start Fires or destroy sensitive equipment using materials such as Napalm, Thermite Many historic buildings were destroyed, and others, including the grand Cathedral of St Peter in the heart of the city, were damaged. Exeter Cathedral is an Anglican Cathedral in the city of Exeter, Devon, in the southwest of England and

Large areas of the city were rebuilt in the 1950s, when little attempt was made to preserve Exeter's ancient heritage. Damaged buildings were generally demolished rather than restored, and even the street plan was altered in an attempt to improve traffic circulation. The post-war buildings are generally perceived as being of little architectural merit, unlike many of those that they replaced, such as Bedford Circus and a section of the ancient city wall.

Despite some local opposition,[10] the Princesshay shopping centre has been redeveloped between the Cathedral Close and the High Street. Princesshay is the name for a new commercial retail development in Exeter. The development was completed and opened on time on 20 September 2007. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [11][12] There are 123 varied residential units incorporated into the new Princesshay[13] .

In order to enable people with limited mobility to enjoy the city, Exeter Community Transport Association provides shopmobility[14] for use by anyone suffering from short or long-term mobility impairment to access to the city centre and shopping facilities, events and meetings with friends and company.

Previously regarded as second only to Bath as an architectural site in southern England, since the 1942 bombing and subsequent reconstruction Exeter has been a city with some beautiful buildings rather than a beautiful city. Bath is a city in Somerset in the south west of England It is situated west of London and south-east of Bristol. As a result, although there is a significant tourist trade, Exeter is not dominated by tourism. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel

Princesshay Explosion

Police guard the bomb site.
Police guard the bomb site.
Main article: 22 May 2008 Princesshay Bombing‎

On Thursday 22nd May 2008 Princesshay was the target for a terrorist attack. The Exeter bombing was a failed attack which happened on the 22nd May 2008 at the Giraffe cafe and restaurant in Princesshay, Exeter. Princesshay is the name for a new commercial retail development in Exeter. At the heart of the attack the Giraffe Restaurant was the main affected area. The bomber, Nicky Reilly, planted three bombs in total, one of which detonated in the toilet while he was still planting it. Only Reilly was hurt in the attack. Two males from nearby Plymouth were the subject of an undercover police operation the following day. Plymouth ( is a city and unitary authority area on the coast of Devon, England about south west of London. One of which was arrested and the other is helping police with their enquiry[15]

Governance

Exeter forms a single parliamentary constituency. Exeter is a Borough constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It is relatively marginal, and since World War II its Member of Parliament has usually been drawn from the governing party. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. At the United Kingdom general election, 1997, Ben Bradshaw was elected as MP for Exeter, and he retained the seat at the elections of 2001 and 2005. Results The election was fought under new boundaries with a net increase of eight seats compared to the 1992 election Benjamin Peter James Bradshaw (born 30 August 1960 in London) is a British Politician and the Labour Member of Parliament for Results |} Total votes cast 26368204 All parties with more than 500 votes shown Results Overview For events leading up to the date of the election see article Pre-election day events of the United Kingdom general Exeter is part of the South West England European constituency, which elects 7 MEPs. South West England is a Constituency of the European Parliament.

Exeter's city council is a district authority, and shares responsibility for local government with the Devon County Council. A city council is a form of Local government, usually covering a City or other Urban area, such as a Town. Non-metropolitan districts, or colloquially ' shire districts', are a type of local government district in England. Local governments are administrative offices that are smaller than a State. A County council is the elected administrative body governing an area known as a County. Since 2003, no party has had a majority on the council.

Exeter has had a mayor since at least 1207 and until 2002, the city was the oldest 'Right Worshipful' Mayoralty in England. As part of the Queen's Golden Jubilee celebrations Exeter was chosen to receive the title of Lord Mayor. Councillor Granville Baldwin became the first Lord Mayor of Exeter on 1 May 2002 when Letters Patent were awarded to the city during a visit by the Queen.

The Lord Mayor is elected each year from amongst the 40 Exeter City Councillors and is non-political for the term of office.

Devon and Cornwall Constabulary have their headquarters based at Middlemoor in the east of the city. Devon and Cornwall Constabulary is the Home Office Police force responsible for policing the counties of Devon and Cornwall in

Geography

The City of Exeter was established on the east side of the River Exe on a ridge of land backed by a steep hill. The River Exe in England rises near the village of Simonsbath, on Exmoor in Somerset, near the Bristol Channel coast It is at this point that the Exe, having just been joined by the River Creedy, opens onto a wide flood plain and estuary. The River Creedy is a small river in Devon, England. Its name is believed to derive from a British root meaning winding. Flooding is quite common. Historically this was the lowest bridging point of the river Exe, which was tidal and navigable up to the city until the construction of weirs later in its history. This combined with the easily defensible higher ground of the ridge made the current location of the city a natural choice for settlement and trade. In George Oliver's The History of the City of Exeter, it is noted that the most likely reasons for the original settling of what would become modern Exeter was the "fertility of the surrounding countryside" and the area's "beautiful and commanding elevation [and] its rapid and navigable river". [16] Its woodland would also have been ideal for natural resources and hunting.

Exeter sits predominantly on sandstone and conglomerate geology, although the structure of the surrounding areas is varied [1]. The topography of the ridge which forms the backbone of the city includes a volcanic plug, on which the Rougemont Castle is situated. A volcanic plug, also called a volcanic neck or lava neck, is a volcanic landform created when Lava hardens within a Vent on Rougemont Castle is the historic Castle of Exeter. The castle was first built in 1068 to help William the Conqueror maintain control over the city The Cathedral is located on the edge of this ridge and is therefore visible for a considerable distance.

Climate

Weather averages for Exeter
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 9. 0 (48) 8. 9 (48) 10. 5 (51) 12. 2 (54) 15. 3 (60) 18. 2 (65) 20. 6 (69) 20. 4 (69) 18. 2 (65) 14. 8 (59) 11. 7 (53) 9. 9 (50) 14. 2 (58)
Average low °C (°F) 3. 7 (39) 3. 5 (38) 4. 6 (40) 5. 7 (42) 8. 6 (47) 11. 2 (52) 13. 5 (56) 13. 4 (56) 11. 4 (53) 8. 9 (48) 6. 0 (43) 4. 8 (41) 8. 0 (46)
Precipitation mm (inches) 101. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric 8 (4) 82. 7 (3. 3) 68. 1 (2. 7) 54. 8 (2. 2) 52. 0 (2) 51. 0 (2) 36. 4 (1. 4) 56. 9 (2. 2) 66. 5 (2. 6) 83. 2 (3. 3) 83. 8 (3. 3) 112. 8 (4. 4) 850. 0 (33. 5)
Source: Met Office[17] 2008-03-08

Demographics

The city has been expanding in size quite considerably in recent years, with a population estimate of 119,600 in 2006, up over 8,000 from the census in 2001. The racial makeup of the city is as follows (2005 Estimates):[2]

In the 2004-05 period the population of "White Other" increased by 28. 2%[18] - Higher than any other Town or City in the United Kingdom.

Economy

A newly designed Mcdonald's restaurant in Exeter.
A newly designed Mcdonald's restaurant in Exeter.

The city provides strong industries and services to a sizable area. The Met Office, the main weather forecasting organisation for the United Kingdom and one of the most significant in the world, relocated from Bracknell in Berkshire to Exeter in early 2004. For the UKMET model see Tropical cyclone forecast model. The Met Office (originally an abbreviation for Meteorological Office, The weather is a set of all the phenomena occurring in a given Atmosphere at a given Time. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Bracknell is a town in the Bracknell Forest borough of Berkshire, England. It is one of the three largest employers in the area (the others being the University of Exeter and Devon County Council), providing a welcome boost to the local economy. The University of Exeter (usually abbreviated as Exon for post-nominals) is a University in the South West of A County council is the elected administrative body governing an area known as a County. Economics is the social science that studies the production distribution, and consumption of goods and services.

Exeter City Council is currently bidding for the city to become an Independent Unitary Authority, a status granted to nearby Plymouth and Torbay in 1998. Exeter City Council is the council and local government of the city of Exeter, Devon. See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions An outline case was submitted to the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government in May 2006. If successful, a new unitary city council could be up and running in Exeter by April 2009.

On 26 June 2004, Exeter was granted Fairtrade City status. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Fairtrade Town is a marketing tool in which this status is awarded by a recognized Fairtrade certification body (i

A NEF survey in 2005 rated Exeter as the worst example of a clone town in the UK, with only a single independent store in the city's High Street, and less diversity (in terms of different categories of shop) than any other town surveyed. The New Economics Foundation (NEF is an independent British Think-tank, or in their own description a "think-and-do tank" Clone town is a UK term for a town where the High Street or other major shopping areas are significantly dominated by Chain stores. However, Exeter has many independent shops off the High St, such as those in Gandy Street, which was reconstructed after bombing in 1942.

Princesshay, a post-war retail area running parallel to the High Street, was also home to a number of independent stores prior to redevelopment in 2007. Princesshay is the name for a new commercial retail development in Exeter. It is an innovative varied development and it is still intended that a number of the new units will be let to local independent stores.

Landmarks

A statue of Richard Hooker stands on the Cathedral Green.
A statue of Richard Hooker stands on the Cathedral Green. Richard Hooker (March 1554 – 3 November 1600) was an Anglican priest and an influential theologian.

Among the notable buildings in Exeter are:

Ruined gatehouse at Rougemont Castle. Note the red sandstone, characteristic of many older Exeter buildings.
Ruined gatehouse at Rougemont Castle. Rougemont Castle is the historic Castle of Exeter. The castle was first built in 1068 to help William the Conqueror maintain control over the city Note the red sandstone, characteristic of many older Exeter buildings.

Many of these are built in the local dark red sandstone, which gives its name to the castle and the park that now surrounds it (Rougemont means red hill).

Northernhay Gardens located just outside the castle, is the oldest public open space in the whole of England, being originally laid out in 1612 as a pleasure walk for Exeter residents. Northernhay Gardens are located in Exeter, Devon on the northern side of Rougemont Castle. Much of Northernhay gardens now represent Victorian design, with a beautiful display of trees, mature shrubs and bushes and plenty of flower beds. There are also many statues here, most importantly the War Memorial by John Angel and the Deerstalker by E. B. Stephens. The Volunteer Memorial from 1895, also in the gardens, commemorates the formation of the 1st Rifle Volunteers in 1852. Other statues include John Dinham, Thomas Dyke Acland and Stafford Northcote (a local landowner who was a Victorian Chancellor of the Exchequer). Thomas Acland may refer to Sir Thomas Dyke Acland 7th Baronet (1722–1785 MP for Devon 1746–1747 and Somerset 1767–68 Sir Thomas Dyke Acland Stafford Henry Northcote 1st Earl of Iddesleigh GCB PC ( 27 October 1818 &ndash 12 January 1887) The Chancellor of the Exchequer is the title held by the British Cabinet minister who is responsible for all Economic and Financial

Transport

Road

The M5 motorway to Bristol and Birmingham starts at Exeter, and connects at Bristol with the M4 to London. This article is about the M5 motorway in England See M5 for other roads numbered "M5" Bristol ( ˈbrɪstəl is a city, Unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, west of London Birmingham ( ˈbɜːmɪŋəm Ber -ming-um The M4 motorway is a Motorway in Great Britain linking London with Wales. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The older A30 road provides a more direct route to London via the A303 and M3. The A30 is an old Trunk road (main road which runs from central London to Land's End, the westernmost point of the mainland of southern Great Britain ( though The A303 is a Trunk road in England. It is the main road between Basingstoke in Hampshire and Honiton in Devon. The M3 motorway is a Motorway in Hampshire and Surrey, England. The M5 is the modern lowest bridging point of the River Exe. The River Exe in England rises near the village of Simonsbath, on Exmoor in Somerset, near the Bristol Channel coast

Going west, the A38 connects Exeter to Plymouth and South East Cornwall, whilst the A30 continues via Okehampton to North and West Cornwall. The A38 is a major Trunk road in England. Though formally known as the Exeter - Leeds Trunk Road it actually runs from Bodmin in Cornwall Plymouth ( is a city and unitary authority area on the coast of Devon, England about south west of London. Cornwall ( Kernow ˈkɛɹnɔʊ is the most southwesterly county of England, on the Peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar Okehampton is a Town and Civil parish in Devon, England, at the northern edge of Dartmoor, on the River Okement.

Travel by car in the city is often difficult with regular jams centred on the Exe Bridges area. To address the problem, Devon County Council is considering the introduction of congestion charges. Congestion pricing or congestion charges is a system of surcharging users of a Transport network in periods of peak Demand to reduce Traffic congestion [19]

Rail

There are two main line railway routes from Exeter to London, the faster route via Taunton to London Paddington and the slower West of England Main Line via Salisbury to London Waterloo. "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. The Reading-Plymouth line is the central part of the trunk Railway line between London Paddington and Penzance railway stations in the southern The West of England Main Line is a British railway line running from London Waterloo to Exeter St Davids. Salisbury (ˈsɒlzbri ˈsɔːlzbri ('Solzbry' or ˈzɔːwzbri ('Zawzbry' — moving from RP to local dialect) is a cathedral city in the Another main line, the Cross-Country Route, links Exeter with Bristol, Birmingham, the Midlands, Northern England, and Scotland. The North-East/South-West route (sometimes simply The Cross-Country Route) is the major British rail route running from South West England via Bristol, Birmingham Bristol ( ˈbrɪstəl is a city, Unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, west of London Birmingham ( ˈbɜːmɪŋəm Ber -ming-um This article is mainly about the English Midlands For other uses see Midlands (disambiguation. Northern England, The North, The North of England or (less commonly The North Country refers to the parts of England north of an ill-defined line Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Many trains on all three lines continue westwards from Exeter, variously serving Torbay, Plymouth and Cornwall. Geography There are three main towns around the bay Torquay in the north Paignton in the centre and Brixham in the south which have become connected Plymouth ( is a city and unitary authority area on the coast of Devon, England about south west of London. Cornwall ( Kernow ˈkɛɹnɔʊ is the most southwesterly county of England, on the Peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar

Local branch lines run to Paignton (see Riviera Line), Exmouth (see Avocet Line) and Barnstaple (see Tarka Line). Paignton (ˈpeɪntən is a coastal town in Devon in England. Together with Torquay and Brixham it forms the Unitary authority of The Riviera Line is a local railway line that connects the city of Exeter to the "English Riviera" resorts of Torbay in Devon, England Exmouth (ˈɛksməθ is a port Town and Seaside resort in Devon, England, at the east side of the mouth of the River Exe The Avocet Line is the railway line from Exeter to Exmouth, England. Barnstaple ( IPA /ˈbɑːnstəbl/ is a town in the county of Devon in the south west of England. The Tarka Line (named after the animal hero in Henry Williamson's book Tarka the Otter) is a railway line from Exeter to Barnstaple in There is also a summer weekend service to Okehampton for access to Dartmoor. Okehampton is a Town and Civil parish in Devon, England, at the northern edge of Dartmoor, on the River Okement. Dartmoor is an area of Moorland in the centre of Devon, England.

Exeter is served by two main railway stations. Exeter St Davids is served by all services, whilst Exeter Central is more convenient for the city centre but served only by local services and the main line route to London Waterloo. Exeter St Davids station is the most important of seven National Rail stations in the city of Exeter in southwest England. Exeter Central railway station is the smaller of Exeter 's main Railway stations but is the more centrally located There are also six suburban stations, Topsham, St James Park, Exeter St Thomas, Polsloe Bridge, Pinhoe and Digby & Sowton, served only by local services. Not to be confused with St James's Park tube station in London St James Park railway station is a suburban Railway station in Exeter Exeter St Thomas railway station is a suburban Railway station in Exeter. Polsloe Bridge railway station is a suburban Railway station in Exeter, Devon, England. Pinhoe railway station is a suburban Railway station in the city of Exeter, Devon. Digby and Sowton railway station is the most recently opened Railway station on the Avocet Line in Devon, opening 23 May 1994.

Air

Exeter International Airport lies east of the city and the local airline, previously called Jersey European and British European but now known as Flybe, is a significant local employer. Exeter International Airport is an airport close to the city of Exeter in the County of Devon, England. An airline provides air transport services for Passengers or Freight, generally with a recognized operating certificate or license Flybe Limited is a British Airline based at Exeter International Airport, England. Flybe Limited is a British Airline based at Exeter International Airport, England. Flybe Limited is a British Airline based at Exeter International Airport, England. The Airport offers a range of scheduled flights to UK and Irish regional airports and charter flights including a seasonal service to Toronto in Canada. A charter airline, also sometimes referred to as an Air taxi, operates Aircraft on a charter basis that is flights that take place outside normal schedules by a Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Connections to international hubs began with Paris Charles de Gaulle in 2005 and later a daily service to Amsterdam Schiphol Airport. Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport (Aéroport Paris-Charles de Gaulle also known as Roissy Airport (or just Roissy in French in the Paris area is Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the Netherlands ' main Airport, located 20 minutes (17

Bus

Exeter's main operator of local buses is Stagecoach Devon, which operates most of the services in the city. Stagecoach Devon Ltd, part of the Stagecoach Group, is a Bus operator serving the East Devon and Torbay areas of South West England Dartline is a minor operator in the City. Former Cooks Coaches were taken over by Stagecoach forming Stagecoach Cooks Coaches. Stagecoach Devon Ltd, part of the Stagecoach Group, is a Bus operator serving the East Devon and Torbay areas of South West England Western Greyhound is also a main operator connecting Exeter to Cornwall , Somerset and many different places in south west England. The High Street, pedestrianized except for bus and bicycle traffic, serves as the main hub for local buses. Country and express services operate from the city's bus station, in Paris Street, which intersects the High Street at its eastern end; some also call at Exeter St David's railway station for direct connection to train services. Country bus services, mostly operated by Stagecoach, run from Exeter to most places in East and North Devon, but some are very infrequent. Regional express services run to Plymouth, Torbay, Bude, and along the Jurassic Coast to Lyme Regis and Weymouth, some operated by Stagecoach and others by First Bus. Bude (Bud is a small seaside resort town in North Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, at the mouth of the River Neet The Jurassic Coast is a World Heritage Site on the English Channel coast of southern England. Lyme Regis (ˌlaɪmˈriːdʒɪs is a coastal town in West Dorset, England, situated 25 Miles west of Dorchester and east of Exeter Weymouth (ˈweɪməθ is a town in Dorset, England situated on a sheltered bay at the mouth of the River Wey on the English Channel coast National Express operates long distance routes, for example to Heathrow and London. National Express Group plc ( is a UK -based Transport group with headquarters in London that operates Bus, coach, rail London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom.

Exeter Canal

Main article: Exeter Canal

The Exeters Canal was built in 1558, making it one of the oldest artificial waterways in the UK. The Exeter Canal, downstream of Exeter, Devon, England was built in 1563 which means it pre-dates the " canal mania " period and is one of the oldest It was cut to bypass weirs that had been built across the River Exe to prevent trade in the city and to force boats to unload at Topsham from where the Earls of Devon were able to exact large tolls to transport goods to Exeter. WEIR (1430 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a News Talk Information format The title of Earl of Devon was created several times in the Peerage of England, and was possessed first by the de Redvers (de Reviers family and later for the Originally 3 feet deep and 16 feet wide (0. 9 m by 5 m), it ran one and three quarter miles (2. 8 km) from just below the Countess Weir to the centre of Exeter. Countess Wear, alternatively called Countess Weir is a residential district within the city of Exeter, Devon. It was later extended to Topsham, deepened and widened, and was successful until the middle of the 19th century since when its use gradually declined - the last commercial use was in 1972. However it is now widely used for leisure purposes, and the city basin is being included as part of a 24 million pound redevelopment scheme.

Education

The changeover back from the structure led to a city wide, PFI funded, rebuilding program for the High Schools and led to the changing of names for some schools. Following the reorganisation there are 25 Primary schools, 4 Referral Schools, 3 Special Schools and 5 Secondary Schools within Exeter. [3]. The secondary schools are:

In addition:

Religion

Exeter Cathedral.
Exeter Cathedral. Exeter Cathedral is an Anglican Cathedral in the city of Exeter, Devon, in the southwest of England and

There are many Christian churches in Exeter and an Anglican Cathedral. It is the seat of the bishop of Exeter. The present building was complete by about 1400, and has the longest uninterrupted vaulted ceiling in England, and other notable features. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland There is also a Synagogue on Mary Arches Street. A synagogue (from Greek: grc συναγωγή transliterated synagogē, "assembly" he בית כנסת beit knesset, "house of

Sports

Speedway was also staged briefly at tracks in Alphington and Peamore after the second world war. The History of Speedway in Exeter up to the mid-1950s has been recorded in three books by Tony Lethbridge. Details of most of the home meetings 1947 - 1952 and in the late 1960s can be viewed on www. speedwayresearcher. org. uk . Details of other seasons will be added in due course.

Public Services

Home Office policing in Exeter is provided by The Devon and Cornwall Constabulary. Devon and Cornwall Constabulary is the Home Office Police force responsible for policing the counties of Devon and Cornwall in Statutory emergency fire and rescue service is provided by The Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service, which is headquartered at Clyst St George near Exeter. Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service is the statutory fire and rescue service or FRS, covering the counties of Devon and Somerset; it It has one fire station with two Water Tender Ladders, a Water Tender, an Aerial Ladder Platform, a Water Foam Carrier, a Handyman Vehicle, a Prime Mover, an Environmental Pod and an Incident Support Unit.

The Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust is a large hospital located to the south east of the city centre. Ambulance service in Exeter is provided by South Western Ambulance Service NHS Trust. The West Trust Divisional HQ and 999 Control is at Exeter which provides cover for Devon and Cornwall. Devon is a large county in the South West of England. The county is also referred to as Devonshire, but that is an entirely unofficial name Cornwall ( Kernow ˈkɛɹnɔʊ is the most southwesterly county of England, on the Peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar

Notable people from Exeter

See List of people from Exeter

Culture

Literature

The Riddles in the High St
The Riddles in the High St

The Exeter Book, an original manuscript and one of the most important documents in Anglo-Saxon literature, is kept in the vaults of Exeter Cathedral. Notable people from Exeter, Devon include Baldwin of Exeter (died 1190 Archbishop of Canterbury Joseph of Exeter The Exeter Book, Exeter Cathedral Library MS 3501 also known as the Codex Exoniensis, is a tenth century Book or Codex which is an Anthology The Exeter Book dates back to the 10th century and is one of four manuscripts that between them contain virtually all the surviving poetry in Old English. It includes most of the more highly regarded shorter poems, some religious pieces, and a series of riddles, a handful of which are famously lewd. A riddle is a Statement or Question having a double or veiled meaning put forth as a Puzzle to be solved Some of the riddles are inscribed on a highly polished steel obelisk in the high street, placed on 30 March 2005. Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

The Inquisitio Eliensis, the "Exon Domesday" (so called from the preservation of the volume at Exeter), is a volume of Domesday Book that contains the full details which the original returns supplied. The Domesday Book (ˈduːmzdeɪ bʊk also known as Domesday, or Book of Winchester) was the record of the great survey

One of Rosemary Sutcliff's best-known children's books, The Eagle of the Ninth, begins in Roman Isca Dumnoniorum. Rosemary Sutcliff CBE ( December 14, 1920 - July 23, 1992) was a British Novelist, best known as a writer of highly acclaimed The Eagle of the Ninth is a historical adventure novel for children written by Rosemary Sutcliff and published in 1954.

The Crowner John Mysteries by Bernard Knight are a series of books set in 12th century Exeter. The Crowner John Mysteries are a series of novels by Bernard Knight following the fictional life of one Sir John de Wolfe a former Crusading Knight appointed to the office of Professor Bernard Knight, CBE, (born 1931 became a Home Office pathologist in 1965 and was appointed Professor of Forensic Pathology, University

Theatre

The Northcott Theatre is located on the campus of the university and is one of relatively few provincial English theatres to maintain its own repertory company. The Northcott Theatre is a theatre situated on the Streatham Campus of the University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, England For other meanings of repertory please see Repertory (disambiguation. Its annual open air Shakespeare performance in the grounds of Rougemont Castle is well regarded nationally. William Shakespeare ( baptised This theatre is the successor to the former Theatre Royal, Exeter. The Theatre Royal Exeter was the name of several theatres situated in the City centre of Exeter, Devon, England in the

Barnfield Theatre
Barnfield Theatre

There are also two amateur theatre buildings with associated companies. The Barnfield Theatre, in the city centre, was converted in 1972 from The Barnfield Hall which was built towards the end of the 19th century by Exeter Literary Society. Barnfield Theatre in Exeter, England was originally built as The Barnfield Hall near the end of the 19th century by Exeter Literary Society and converted to a The theatre is a charity and is used as a venue for amateur and professional theatrical companies. In January 2007 it received £200,000, about the same as the original cost to build it, to refurbish its interior.

Theatrical productions and other stage performances frequently take place at the Phoenix Arts Centre off Gandy Street. The Phoenix Arts Centre is a Theatre in the city centre of Leicester, England.

Music

Museums and galleries

Newspapers

Twinnings

Exeter is twinned with:

The city also seeks to maintain a relationship with HMS Exeter. The Express & Echo is a newspaper for Exeter and its surrounding area The Western Morning News is a daily Regional Newspaper covering Devon and Cornwall and parts of Somerset and Dorset. Plymouth ( is a city and unitary authority area on the coast of Devon, England about south west of London. Rennes ( Gallo: Resnn, Roazhon Condate Condate Riedonum is a city in the east of Brittany in northwestern Brittany (Breizh bʁejs Bretagne; Gallo: Bertaèyn) is a former independent Celtic kingdom and Duchy, now incorporated into This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Also see Homburg. Bad Homburg vor der Höhe (official Bad Homburg v Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Yaroslavl (Яросла́вль is a city in Russia, the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, located north-east of Moscow. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Terracina is a town and Comune of the Province of Latina - (until 1934 of the Province of Rome) Italy, 76 km SE of Rome by Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Five ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Exeter after the city of Exeter in Devon.

See also

References

  1. ^ Census, 2001
  2. ^ Dun & Bradstreet, 2001
  3. ^ British Archaeology magazine, June 2002
  4. ^ The Roman Fortress at Exeter: The Roman Bath House
  5. ^ Exeter City Council - Exeter's Coat of Arms
  6. ^ Gray p. The Exeter Book, Exeter Cathedral Library MS 3501 also known as the Codex Exoniensis, is a tenth century Book or Codex which is an Anthology Henry Phillpotts (1778&ndash1869 Bishop of Exeter or "Henry of Exeter," as he was often called was England's longest serving bishop since the 12th century 16
  7. ^ Gray p. 18
  8. ^ Gray p. 31
  9. ^ Oliver p. 107
  10. ^ High Street revamp plans criticised. BBC News. Retrieved on 2007-09-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights.
  11. ^ Doors open at Princesshay. BBC Devon (2007-09-20). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Retrieved on 2007-09-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights.
  12. ^ "Heaven for shoppers as Princesshay gets off to a flying start with huge crowds for opening day", Express & Echo, 2007-09-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Retrieved on 2007-09-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights.  
  13. ^ Key facts about Princesshay. Princesshay. com. Land Securities Group. Retrieved on 2007-09-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights.
  14. ^ Exeter Community Transport Association
  15. ^ Explosion At Shopping Centre. The BBC. Retrieved on 2008-05-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors.
  16. ^ Oliver p. 1
  17. ^ Teignmouth 1971–2000 averages. Met Office. For the UKMET model see Tropical cyclone forecast model. The Met Office (originally an abbreviation for Meteorological Office,
  18. ^ White Other (United Kingdom Census)
  19. ^ BBC NEWS | England | Devon | Drivers facing congestion charge
  20. ^ www.emgsymphonyorchestra.co.uk

Bibliography

External links

Dictionary

Exeter

-proper noun

  1. a city in south west England
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