Exclusion Bill - Citizendia

The Exclusion Bill Crisis ran from 1678 through 1681 in the reign of Charles II of England. Charles II (Charles Stuart 29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685 was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. The Exclusion Bill sought to exclude the king's brother and heir presumptive, James, Duke of York, from the throne of England because he was Catholic. James II of England and Ireland James VII of Scotland (14 October 1633 &ndash 16 September 1701 was King of England, King of Scots, Later that same year James England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Tories were opposed to this exclusion, while the "Country party", who were soon to become known as the Whigs, supported it. In the political tradition of some English-speaking countries, the term Tory has referred to a variety of political parties and Creeds since it was The Whigs (with the Tories) are often described as one of two political parties in England and later the United Kingdom from the late 17th to

In 1673, when he refused to take the oath prescribed by the new Test Act, it became publicly known that James was a Roman Catholic. The Test Acts were a series of English Penal laws that served as a Religious test for public office and imposed various civil disabilities on Roman His secretary, Edward Coleman, had been named by Titus Oates during the Popish Plot (1678) as a conspirator to subvert the kingdom. Edward Coleman may refer to Edward Coleman (martyr, victim of the Titus Oates plot Edward Coleman (gangster See also Titus Oates ( September 15, 1649 &ndash July 12/13 1705 was a 17th-century perjurer who fabricated the " Popish Plot " a supposed The Popish Plot was a fictitious conspiracy concocted by Titus Oates which gripped England in Anti-Catholic hysteria from 1678 until 1681. Subversion refers to an attempt to overthrow structures of Authority, including the State. Members of the Protestant English establishment could see that in France a Catholic king was ruling in an absolutist way, and a movement gathered strength to avoid the scenario recreating itself in England, as many feared it would, if James were to succeed his brother Charles, who had no legitimate children. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. An autocracy is a Form of government in which the Political power is held by a single self-appointed ruler Charles II (Charles Stuart 29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685 was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Sir Henry Capel summarised the general feeling when he said in a parliamentary debate of 27 April 1679:

From popery came the notion of a standing army and arbitrary power…. Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Papist is a term usually disparaging or an Anti-Catholic slur referring to a member of the Catholic Church. A standing army is an Army composed of full time career Soldiers who 'stand over' in other words who do not disband during times of peace Formerly the crown of Spain, and now France, supports this root of popery amongst us; but lay popery flat, and there's an end of arbitrary government and power. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. It is a mere chimera, or notion, without popery. ^[1]

The occasion that brought these sentiments to a head was the impeachment of Thomas Osborne, Earl of Danby, as a scapegoat for the scandal by which Louis XIV bought the neutrality of Charles's government with an outright bribe. Thomas Osborne 1st Duke of Leeds ( February 20 1631 - July 26 1712) English statesman commonly known also by his earlier title of Earl scapegoat was a Goat that was driven off into the wilderness as part of the ceremonies of Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement in Judaism during the times Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent Charles dissolved the Parliament of England, but the new Parliament returned in March 1679 was more hostile to the king and his unfortunate minister than ever. The Parliament of England was the Legislature of the Kingdom of England. The Parliament of England was the Legislature of the Kingdom of England. Danby was committed to the Tower. Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress, more commonly known as the Tower of London (and historically as The Tower) is a historic monument in central London

On May 15, 1679, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury introduced the Exclusion bill into the Commons with the intention of excluding James from the succession. Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the Anthony Ashley-Cooper 1st Earl of Shaftesbury ( July 22, 1621 &ndash January 21, 1683) known as Sir Anthony Ashley-Cooper Succession to the British throne is governed both by Common law and statute A fringe group even backed Charles's illegitimate — but Protestant — son, the Duke of Monmouth. James Crofts, later James Scott 1st Duke of Monmouth and 1st Duke of Buccleuch ( April 9 1649 &ndash July 15 1685) was an English As it was likely that the bill would become law, Charles exercised his Royal prerogative to dissolve Parliament. The Royal Prerogative is a body of customary authority privilege and immunity recognised in Common law and sometimes in Civil law jurisdictions possessing a monarchy Successive Parliaments attempted to pass a bill, and were similarly dissolved. The "Petitioners", those who backed the petitions to Charles to call Parliament together in order to complete the passage of the Exclusion Bill, became the Whigs, while the Court party, or the "Abhorrers" in the political cant of the hour, meaning those who found the Exclusion Bill abhorrent, would develop into the Tories.

Shaftesbury's party (beginning to be known as the “Whigs”) involved the whole country in a mass movement, primarily by keeping alive the fears raised by the Popish Plot. The Whigs (with the Tories) are often described as one of two political parties in England and later the United Kingdom from the late 17th to Every November on the anniversary of Elizabeth I's accession, they organised huge processions in London in which the Pope was burnt in effigy. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and The King's supporters (the “Tories”) were able to muster their own propaganda in the form of memories of the tyrannical regime of the Commonwealth government and its austerities. In the political tradition of some English-speaking countries, the term Tory has referred to a variety of political parties and Creeds since it was Despite two failed attempts to reestablish Parliament and pass the bill, the Crown was successfully able to label the Whigs as subversives and closet nonconformists. Nonconformism is the refusal to conform to common standards conventions rules customs traditions norms or laws By 1681, the mass movement had died down, and the bill was defeated when it passed to the House of Lords.

Notes

^ John Kenyon, The Popish Plot (Phoenix Press, 2000), pp. 2–3.