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Excellency is a honorific style given to certain members of an organization or state. An honorific is a word or expression that conveys esteem or respect when used in addressing or referring to a person A style of office, or honorific, is a term which by Tradition or Law precedes a reference to a person who holds a post or Title, or to the

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Generalities

It is sometimes misinterpreted as a title of office in itself, but in fact it is an honorific which goes with and is used before various such titles (such as Mr. President, and so on), both in speech and in writing. In reference to such an official, it takes the form "His/Her Excellency"; in direct address, "Your Excellency", or, less formally, simply "Excellency".

In many states, this form is used for:

Statesmen and diplomacy

Commonwealth usage

The form "Excellency" has never been used to refer to, or address any monarch of any Commonwealth country where a sovereign is or was head of state. A husband is a Male spouse (participant in a Marriage, Civil union or Civil partnership. A wife is a Female spouse or participant in a Marriage, or Civil union or Civil partnership. Prince, from the Latin root Princeps, is a general term for a Monarch, for a member of a monarch's or former monarch's family and is a The mistaken belief that it can or should be used may arise from confusion due to errors of protocol in other countries or at the United Nations; however, in Commonwealth Realms, on documents such as Acts of Parliament, reference may be made to the monarch's "Most Excellent Majesty" as the source of the Act's authority, although this, of course, is not a style attached to the monarch. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security A Commonwealth realm is any one of 16 sovereign states within the Commonwealth of Nations that each have Elizabeth II as their respective Monarch An Act of Parliament is a Law enacted as Primary legislation by a national or sub-national Parliament.

The style "Excellency" is generally accorded to the current holders of the following offices:

United States usage

In the United States, the form "Excellency" was specifically denied to the President, with "Mr. The term governor general or governor-general refers to a vice-regal representative of a Monarch in an independent realm or a major colonial circonscription A Commonwealth realm is any one of 16 sovereign states within the Commonwealth of Nations that each have Elizabeth II as their respective Monarch A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. An ambassador is the highest ranking Diplomat who represents their country High Commissioner is the title of various high-ranking special executive positions held by a commission of appointment The Commonwealth Secretary-General is the head of the Commonwealth Secretariat, the central body which has served the Commonwealth of Nations since its establishment The United States of America —commonly referred to as the President" or "The Honorable . The prefix The Honourable or The Honorable (abbreviated to " The Hon . . " being the only legally accepted forms. However, in many foreign countries and in United Nations protocol the President of the United States is usually referred to as "His Excellency. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security " Diplomatic correspondence to President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War, as during the Trent Affair, for instance, frequently referred to him as "His Excellency. Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Britain in the American Civil War The Trent Affair, also known as the Mason and Slidell Affair, was an international diplomatic incident that occurred during the "

In the six states of New England, governors have retained the honorific "Excellency," following traditional British colonial practice, though it is rarely used. History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the They are: Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Vermont, Maine. The Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the executive magistrate of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, United States. List of Rhode Island Governors Colonial governors See also List of colonial governors of Rhode Island State governors Colonial governors See also List of colonial governors of Connecticut Governors of the State of Connecticut 1776&ndashpresent The Governor of the State of New Hampshire is the supreme executive magistrate of the U The Governor of Vermont is the Governor ( Chief executive, Head of government) of the U This is a list of Governors of Maine ( US state) since statehood in 1820 All of these states were among the original Thirteen Colonies, either as colonies in their own right, or (in the case of Vermont and Maine) as parts of other colonies. The Thirteen Colonies were part of what became known as British America, a name that was used by Great Britain until the Treaty of Paris (1783 recognized the Four of the other original colonies, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia, also use the form "Excellency" in referring to their governors. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern North Carolina ( is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States South Carolina ( is a state in the southern region ( Deep South) of the United States of America. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state The State of South Carolina legally provides for the Governor to be referred to as "Excellency"; the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the Commonwealth of Virginia and the State of North Carolina do not. South Carolina ( is a state in the southern region ( Deep South) of the United States of America. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state North Carolina ( is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States Nevertheless, "Excellency" is used frequently when introducing the Governor of Pennsylvania, the Governor of Virginia and the Governor of North Carolina at formal events. Governors Pennsylvania was one of the original Thirteen colonies, and was admitted as a state on December 12 1787 The Governor of Virginia serves as the chief executive of the Commonwealth of Virginia for a four-year term The Governor of North Carolina is the top executive of the government of the U

Though incorrect, other governors are sometimes addressed as "excellency" at public events, usually as a result of organizers analogizing the practice from states that still use the style.

Though ambassadors are traditionally accorded the title elsewhere (see below), the U. S. government does not use "excellency" for its diplomatic corps, preferring "the honorable" instead.

Other countries

In most republican nations, the president is formally called "His/Her Excellency" and the initials "HE" are often presented in front of their name in formal documents, however, the simpler form "Mr. A republic is a State or Country that is not led by a hereditary Monarch, but in which the people (or at least a part of its people have impact on its /Madam President" remains the most common means of address for day-to-day conversation.

If a republic has a prime minister, he or she is often addressed as "Excellency" as well. This article is about the government position For other uses see Prime Minister (disambiguation. If the nation is a constitutional monarchy, however, rules vary. A constitutional monarchy, or a limited monarchy, is a form of Constitutional Government, wherein either an elected or hereditary Monarch is Many European monarchies do not specifically give this form of address to their prime ministers, while most of the monarchies of Asia do.

International diplomacy

In various international organizations, notably the UN and its agencies, "Excellency" is used as a generic form of address for all heads of state and heads of government. International Organization is a peer-reviewed Academic journal that covers the entire field of International affairs. Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a Monarchic or Republican Nation-state This article focuses on the cases where the Head of Government is a separate office from the Head of State It is often granted to the organization's head as well, and to those chiefs of UN diplomatic missions, such as Resident Coordinators (who are the designated representatives of the Secretary-General), who are accredited at the Head of State (like Ambassadors) - or the lower Head of Government level. A United Nations Resident Coordinator is the highest United Nations official in a country (except when there is a mission of the Department of Peacekeeping Operations

In recent years, some international organizations, such as the OSCE, or the European Union, have designated their Permanent Representatives in third countries as "Ambassadors", although they do not represent sovereign entities. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in A Permanent Representative is the head of a Diplomatic mission to one of various International organisations The most high-profile of the organisations to which This is now largely accepted, and because these "Ambassadors" rank after the UN representative in the orders of precedence of representatives of international organizations, the UN coming naturally first as pre-eminent, the UN Resident Coordinators are now also commonly but informally referred to in diplomatic circles as "Ambassadors", although the UN itself does not refer to them in this way.

Other uses

Aristocracy

In Spain and some other countries, high ranking noblemen titles of nobility (of Peerage rank in British terms), enjoy styling as "His/Her Excellency". Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.

Other secular excellencies

Excellency can also be attached to an honorary quality, notably in an order of knighthood; e. g. in the empire of Brazil, it was attached to the highest classes, each time styled Grand cross, of all three imperial orders: Imperial Order of Dom Pedro I, Imperial Order of the Southern Cross (in this case, also enjoying the military honours of a Lieutenant general) and Order of the Rose. In Astrology, a grand cross is said to occur when four planets are all separated from each other by square aspects (90 degrees apart The National Order of the Southern Cross is Brazil's highest order of merit Lieutenant General is a Military rank used in many countries The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the

Ecclesiastical use

In the Roman Catholic Church, it is customary in many countries to use this style with Archbishops or Bishops (more formally, "His", or "Your", "Most Reverend Excellency"); the title of Eminence (or, more formally, "His", or "Your", "Most Reverend Eminence") is reserved to cardinals. In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated Bishop. In the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion and others this means that they lead A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight His Eminence is a historical style of reference for high nobility still in use in various religious contexts A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church. This is also the official usage, both ecclesiastical and diplomatic, and is the practice followed in the United States.

However in the United Kingdom and Commonwealth or former Commonwealth countries, it is more customary to follow the British tradition, as usual in the Anglican churches, where an (Arch)bishop is rather styled The Most Reverend or the Right Reverend and addressed as Your Grace or My Lord.

See also

Sources and references

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Dictionary

excellency

-noun

  1. The quality of being excellent.

Excellency

-noun

  1. (used with His, Her or Your) A form of address for certain high officials or dignitaries.
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