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Part of the Biology series on
Evolution
Mechanisms and processes

Adaptation
Genetic drift
Gene flow
Mutation
Natural selection
Speciation
Research and history

Evidence
Evolutionary history of life
History
Modern synthesis
Social effect / Objections
Evolutionary biology fields

Cladistics
Ecological genetics
Evolutionary development
Human evolution
Molecular evolution
Phylogenetics
Population genetics
Biology Portal · v • d • e 

Evolutionary biology is a sub-field of biology concerned with the origin of species from a common descent, and descent of species; as well as their change, multiplication, and diversity over time. Foundations of modern biology There are five unifying principles eVolution is the third Album by eLDee, it was due to be released in 2008 An adaptation is a characteristic of an Organism that has been favored by Natural selection and In Population genetics, genetic drift is the accumulation of random events that change the makeup of a gene pool slightly but often compound over time In Population genetics, gene flow (also known as gene migration) is the transfer of Alleles of Genes from one Population to another In biology mutations are changes to the Nucleotide sequence of the Genetic material of an organism Natural selection is the process by which favorable Heritable traits become more common in successive Generations of a Population of Speciation is the Evolutionary process by which new biological Species arise The wide range of evidence of common descent of living things strongly indicates the occurrence of Evolution and provides a wealth of information on the natural processes Although evidence of early Life is scarce and often difficult to interpret it appears that life appeared on Earth relatively soon (on the Geologic time scale) after Evolutionary thought, the idea that species change over time has roots in antiquity in the ideas of the Greeks, Romans, Chinese and Muslims theory of transmutation had early origins in the speculations and hypotheses of Erasmus Darwin, and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck. Objections to evolution have been raised ever since various evolutionary ideas came to prominence around the start of the nineteenth century Cladistics is the hierarchical classification of Species based on evolutionary ancestry Ecological genetics is the study of Genetics in the context of the interactions among organisms and between the organisms and their environment Evolutionary developmental biology ( evolution of development or informally evo-devo) is a field of Biology that compares the developmental processes Human evolution, or anthropogenesis, is the part of biological Evolution concerning the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct Species Molecular evolution is the process of evolution at the scale of DNA, RNA, and Proteins Molecular evolution emerged as a scientific field in the 1960s as Population genetics is the study of the Allele frequency distribution and change under the influence of the four evolutionary forces Natural selection, Genetic eVolution is the third Album by eLDee, it was due to be released in 2008 Foundations of modern biology There are five unifying principles In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. A group of organisms is said to have common descent if they have a common Ancestor. eVolution is the third Album by eLDee, it was due to be released in 2008 Someone who studies evolutionary biology is known as an evolutionary biologist.

Contents

Description

Evolutionary biology is an interdisciplinary field because it includes scientists from a wide range of both field and lab oriented disciplines. In Academia, Pedagogy, Physical sciences, Earth sciences, Human sciences and Social sciences A laboratory (informally lab) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific Research, Experiments and For example, it generally includes scientists who may have a specialist training in particular organisms such as mammalogy, ornithology, or herpetology, but use those organisms as case studies to answer general questions in evolution. In Zoology, mammalogy is the study of Mammals – a class of Vertebrates with characteristics such as Homeothermic Metabolism Ornithology (from Greek ὄρνις ὄρνιθος ornis, ornithos, "bird" and λόγος logos, "knowledge" is the branch of Herpetology (from Greek: ἑρπετόν herpeton, "creeping animal" and λόγος logos, "knowledge" is the branch of Zoology It also generally includes paleontologists and geologists who use fossils to answer questions about the tempo and mode of evolution, as well as theoreticians in areas such as population genetics and evolutionary psychology. Palaeontology redirects here For the Scientific journal, see Palaeontology (journal. Geology (from Greek γη gê, "earth" and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit FOSSIL is a standard protocol for allowing serial communication for Telecommunications programs under the DOS Operating system. Population genetics is the study of the Allele frequency distribution and change under the influence of the four evolutionary forces Natural selection, Genetic Evolutionary psychology ( EP) attempts to explain mental and psychological traits such as Memory, Perception, Experimentalists have used selection in Drosophila to develop an understanding of the evolution of ageing, and experimental evolution is a very active subdiscipline. Drosophila is a Genus of small flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "fruit flies" Enquiry into the evolution of ageing aims to explain why almost all living things weaken In Evolutionary biology, the field of experimental evolution is concerned with testing Hypotheses and theories of evolution by use of controlled Experiments

In the 1990s developmental biology made a re-entry into evolutionary biology from its initial exclusion from the modern synthesis through the study of evolutionary developmental biology. Developmental Biology is the official journal of the Society for Developmental Biology. Evolutionary developmental biology ( evolution of development or informally evo-devo) is a field of Biology that compares the developmental processes

Its findings feed strongly into new disciplines that study mankind's sociocultural evolution and evolutionary behavior. Sociocultural evolution(ism is an umbrella term for theories of cultural evolution and Social evolution, describing how Cultures and societies Evolutionary psychology ( EP) attempts to explain mental and psychological traits such as Memory, Perception, Evolutionary biology's frameworks of ideas and conceptual tools are now finding application in the study of a range of subjects from computing to nanotechnology. Computing is usually defined like the activity of using and developing Computer technology Computer hardware and software. Nanotechnology, sometimes shortened to nanotech, refers to a field of Applied science whose theme is the control of matter on an Atomic and Molecular

Artificial life is a sub-field of bioinformatics that attempts to model, or even recreate, the evolution of organisms as described by evolutionary biology. Artificial life (commonly Alife or alife) is a field of study and an associated art form which examine Systems related to Life, its processes Bioinformatics is the application of information technology to the field of molecular biology Usually this is done through mathematics and computer models.

History

Main article: History of evolutionary thought

Evolutionary biology as an academic discipline in its own right emerged as a result of the modern evolutionary synthesis in the 1930s and 1940s. Evolutionary thought, the idea that species change over time has roots in antiquity in the ideas of the Greeks, Romans, Chinese and Muslims An academic discipline or field of study is a branch of Knowledge which is taught or Researched at the college or university level It was not until the 1970s and 1980s, however, that a significant number of universities had departments that specifically included the term evolutionary biology in their titles. In the United States, as a result of the rapid growth of molecular and cell biology, many universities have split (or aggregated) their biology departments into molecular and cell biology-style departments and ecology and evolutionary biology-style departments (which often have subsumed older departments in paleontology, zoology and the like). The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Molecular biology is the study of Biology at a molecular level See also List of basic cell biology topics. Cell biology (also called cellular biology or formerly cytology, from the Palaeontology redirects here For the Scientific journal, see Palaeontology (journal. Zoology (from Greek ζῷον, zoon, "animal" + λόγος, " Logos " "knowledge" is the branch of

Microbiology has recently developed into an evolutionary discipline. Microbiology (from Greek grc μῑκρος mīkros, "small" grc βίος bios, " Life " and grc -λογία It was originally ignored due to the paucity of morphological traits and the lack of a species concept in microbiology. Now, evolutionary researchers are taking advantage of our extensive understanding of microbial physiology, the ease of microbial genomics, and the quick generation time of some microbes to answer evolutionary questions. Genomics is the study of an organism's entire Genome. The field includes intensive efforts to determine the entire DNA sequence of organisms and fine-scale Genetic Similar features have led to progress in viral evolution, particularly for bacteriophage. A virus (from the Latin virus meaning Toxin or Poison) is a sub-microscopic infectious agent that is unable This article is about a biological infectious particle for other uses see Phage (disambiguation.

Notable evolutionary biologists

Main article: :Category:Evolutionary biologists

Notable contributors to evolutionary biology include:

Evolutionary biologists known primarily for their science popularization:

Notable popularizers of evolution whose research isn't primarily concerned with evolutionary biology include:

Bibliography

Textbooks

Notable monographs and other works

Main article: :Category:Notable publications in evolutionary biology
Main article: :List of publications in biology

Topics in evolutionary biology


See also

Anatomy Commentary on Anatomy in Avicenna's Canon Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet Chevalier de Lamarck ( August 1, 1744 &ndash December 18, 1829) was a French Soldier Philosophie zoologique ou exposition des considérations relatives à l'histoire naturelle des animaux (meaning "Zoological Philosophy Exposition with Regard to the Natural Charles Robert Darwin (February 12 1809 &ndash April 19 1882 was an English naturalist, who realised and demonstrated that all Species of life Charles Darwin 's On the Origin of Species (published 24 November 1859) is a seminal work in Scientific literature and arguably the Charles Robert Darwin (February 12 1809 &ndash April 19 1882 was an English naturalist, who realised and demonstrated that all Species of life The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to Sex is a book on Evolutionary theory by English naturalist Charles Darwin, first Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher, FRS ( 17 February 1890 – 29 July 1962) was an English Statistician, Evolutionary The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection is a book by RA Fisher. John Burdon Sanderson Haldane FRS ( 5 November 1892 &ndash 1 December 1964) known as Jack (but who used 'J The Causes of Evolution is a 1932 book on evolution by JBS Haldane 1990 edition ISBN 0-691-02442-1 For a contemporary review by R Ernst Walter Mayr ( July 5, 1904, Kempten, Germany &ndash February 3, 2005, Bedford Massachusetts U Systematics and the Origin of Species is a book written by zoologist and evolutionary biologist Ernst Mayr that was first published in 1942 Susumu Ohno ( February 1, 1928 &ndash January 13, 2000) was an Asian American Geneticist and Evolutionary biologist, and Clinton Richard Dawkins, FRS, FRSL (born 26 March 1941 is a British ethologist, evolutionary biologist, and Popular science Motoo Kimura (木村資生 Kimura Motoo) ( November 13, 1924 - November 13, 1994) was a Japanese biologist best known for introducing The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution is an influential Monograph written in 1983 by Japanese Evolutionary biologist Motoo Kimura Foster's rule (also known as the island rule) is a principle in Evolutionary biology stating that members of a Species get smaller or bigger depending on In Evolutionary Genetics, Muller's ratchet (named after Hermann Joseph Muller and a mechanical device) is the name given to the process by which Mutational meltdown refers to the process by which a small population accumulates deleterious mutations which leads to loss of fitness and decline of the population In Evolutionary biology, fitness landscapes or adaptive landscapes are used to visualize the relationship between Genotypes (or Phenotypes and This is a list of topics in Evolutionary biology and Evolution. Artificial selection is the intentional breeding for certain traits or combinations of traits over others and is synonymous with " Selective breeding " Computational phylogenetics is the application of computational Algorithms methods and programs to phylogenetic analyses Evolutionary eco\logy lies at the intersection of Ecology and Evolutionary biology. Evolutionary physiology is the study of physiological evolution, which is to say the manner in which the functional characteristics of individuals in a population of A phylogenetic tree, also called an evolutionary tree, is a tree showing the Evolutionary relationships among various biological Species or other Genetics (from Ancient Greek grc-Latn genetikos, “genitive” and that from grc-Latn genesis, “origin” a discipline of Biology, is Phylogenetic comparative methods (PCMs use information on the evolutionary relationships of organisms (phylogenetic trees to compare species (Harvey and Pagel 1991. Quantitative genetics is the study of continuous traits (such as height or weight and its underlying mechanisms This article focuses on selective breeding in domesticated animals Sexual selection is the Theory proposed by Charles Darwin that states that certain evolutionary traits can be explained by Intraspecific competition Biological systematics is the study of the diversity of Life on the planet Earth both past and present and the relationships among living things through time

Dictionary

evolutionary biology

-noun

  1. A sub-field of biology concerned with the origin and descent of species and as their evolution, multiplication and diversity over time.
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