Everything2
Screenshot of Everything2. com
URL	http://www.everything2.com
Commercial?	No
Type of site	Internet encyclopedia project
Registration	Optional
Available language(s)	English
Owner	Blockstackers Intergalactic
Created by	Nathan Oostendorp[1]
Launched	March 1998 (as Everything1)
Current status	active

Everything₂, Everything2, or E2 for short, is a collaborative Web-based community consisting of a database of interlinked user-submitted written material. Uniform Resource Locator is an URI which also specifies where the identified resource is available and the protocol for retrieving it An internet encyclopedia project is a large database of useful information accessible via World Wide Web In the Philosophy of language, a natural language (or ordinary language) is a Language that is spoken or written in phonemic-alphabetic or phonemically-related English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the Web) is a system of interlinked Hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. E2 is moderated for quality, but has no formal policy on subject matter. On Internet Websites which invite users to post comments a moderation system is the method the Webmaster chooses to sort contributions which are irrelevant Writing on E2 covers a wide range of topics and genres, including encyclopedic articles, diary entries (known as "daylogs"), humor, and fiction.

Contents 1 History 2 Community 2.1 Policies 2.2 Code of behavior 2.3 Nodes and writeups 3 Copyright practice 4 Rewards 5 Messaging 6 Links 6.1 Hard links 6.2 Pipe links 6.3 Soft links 6.4 Firm links 7 Software 8 Media coverage 9 See also 10 References 11 External links

History

The predecessor of E2 was a similar database called Everything (later labeled "Everything1" or "E1") which was started around March 1998 by Nate Oostendorp and was initially closely aligned with and promoted by Slashdot, a technology-related news website, even sharing (at the time) some administrators. Slashdot, often abbreviated as /, is a technology-related news Website owned by SourceForge Inc The E2 software offered vastly more features, and the Everything1 data was twice incorporated into E2: once on November 13, 1999, and again in January of 2000. Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar)

The Everything₂ server used to be colocated with the Slashdot servers. A colocation centre ( collocation center) (" colo " or carrier hotel is a type of Data center where multiple customers locate network However, some time after OSDN acquired Slashdot, and moved the Slashdot servers, this hosting was terminated on short notice. SourceForge Inc ( formerly VA Software Corporation, VA Linux Systems, and VA Research, is the provider of the SourceForge Development This resulted in Everything₂ being offline from roughly November 6 to December 9, 2003. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Everything₂ was then hosted by the University of Michigan for a time. The University of Michigan Ann Arbor ( U of M, U-M, UM or simply Michigan) is a top-ranked Coeducational public research As the Everything₂ site put it on October 2, 2006:

Now, we have an arrangement with the University of Michigan, located in Ann Arbor. We exist thanks to their generosity (which is motivated by their academic curiosity, I suppose). They gave us some servers and act as our ISP, free of charge, and all they ask in exchange is that we not display advertisements. ^[2]

The Everything₂ servers were moved to the nearby Michigan State University in February 2007. Michigan State University ( MSU) is a co-educational public Research university in East Lansing, Michigan USA.

E2 is privately owned by the Blockstackers Intergalactic company, but does not make a profit and is viewed by its long-term users as a collaborative work-in-progress. Until mid-2007 it accepted donations of money and, on occasion, of computer hardware but no longer does so. Some of its administrators are affiliated with Blockstackers, some are not. The site is not a democracy, and the degree to which users influence decisions depends on the nature of the decisions and the administrators making them.

Writeups in E1 were limited to 512 bytes in size. A byte (pronounced "bite" baɪt is the basic unit of measurement of information storage in Computer science. This, plus the predominantly "geek" membership back then and the lack of chat facilities, meant the early work was often of poor quality and was filled with self-referential humor. An in-joke (also known as an in joke or inside joke) is a Joke whose Humor is clear only to those people who are "inside" a social As E2 has expanded, stricter quality standards have developed, much of the old material has been removed, and the membership has become broader in interest, although smaller in number. Many noders prefer to write encyclopedic articles similar to those on Wikipedia (and indeed some actively contribute to both E2 and Wikipedia). ***************************************************************************************** * * Some write fiction or poetry, some discuss issues, and some write daily journals, called "daylogs. " Unlike Wikipedia, E2 does not have an enforced neutral point of view. Objectivity is both an important and very difficult concept to pin down in philosophy An informal survey of noder political beliefs^[3] indicates that the user base tends to lean left politically. There are conservative voices as well, however, and while debate nodes (of any kind, political or not) are rarely tolerated, well-formed points of view from any part of the political or cultural spectrum are welcome.

Community

Policies

Some of the management regard Everything₂ as a publication, to which authors submit content. Although Everything₂ does not seek to become an encyclopedia (even though the contents of Webster's 1913 dictionary have been assimilated into the database, their antiquity doesn't earn them any special regard), a substantial amount of factual content has been submitted to Everything₂. An encyclopedia (or '''encyclopædia''') is a comprehensive written Compendium that contains Information on either all branches of Knowledge Webster's Dictionary is the name given to a common type of English language dictionary in the United States.

Policy states that "Everything2 is not a bulletin board. " Writeups which exist as replies to other writeups, or which add a minor point to them or which otherwise do not stand well alone are discouraged, not least because the deletion of the original writeup orphans any replies. This policy helps to moderate flame wars on controversial topics. Flaming is the hostile and insulting interaction between Internet users

Everything₂ is not a wiki, and there is no direct way for non-content editors to make corrections or amendments to another author's article. A wiki is a page or collection of Web pages designed to enable anyone who accesses it to contribute or modify content using a simplified Markup language. Avenues for correction involve discussing the writeup with its author; petitioning a content editor; adding a note in a special "broken nodes" section; or superseding the original writeup with an original, stand-alone follow-up.

Code of behavior

Like other online communities, E2 has a social hierarchy and code of behavior, to which it is sometimes difficult for a newcomer to adjust. Moreover, some people complain that new users are held to a different standard from established contributors, and that their writeups are singled out for deletion regardless of content. Another complaint is that all too often, site administrators remove articles that they do not agree with or which they do not see explicit value in, thus biasing the content of the database. Others dismiss such complaints as unjustified; they observe that few communities treat newcomers exactly like long-time members, and they claim that those who learn and obey the rules are usually—though not always—treated fairly.

There is no consistent, written site policy on acceptable behavior, although the usual intolerance for trolling or hatemongering remains, as is the case with most web-based communities. Bans have occurred for antisocial and/or insulting behaviour, albeit very rarely and only after a more personal approach to change the individual's behavior. Though these decisions are broadly accepted, some current and ex-members of the site believe that this amounts to mismanagement, and point to accumulation of disgruntled ex-users as evidence of a problem.

Rarely, a noder will request their E2 account be locked, preventing them from logging in. The causes for this are equally as varied as the causes for disruptive noders being forcibly locked out, and happens about as often.

Nodes and writeups

E2 users called noders create entries called nodes and add information in multiple writeups. Only logged-in users can create writeups, and only the author of a writeup or an editor appointed by the site administrators can edit a writeup. E2 categorizes writeups into thirteen types: person, place, idea, thing, dream, personal, fiction, poetry, review, log, recipe, essay, and event. Two additional writeup types, lede and definition, are usable only by editors and are applied retroactively. Writeups are written in a simplified HTML dialect and do not contain images. HTML, an initialism of HyperText Markup Language, is the predominant Markup language for Web pages It provides a means to describe the structure

There are other types of nodes that do not contain writeups; for instance, the administrators can create "superdoc" nodes (similar to Wikipedia's special pages) such as Everything New Nodes and Page of Cool that allow interaction, and each user has a "homenode" where he or she can add a short autobiography or other text (or a picture, if he or she is level five or above -- see Rewards, below). ***************************************************************************************** * *

Copyright practice

The copyright in a writeup rests with the author, and no agreement to any kind of license is entered into by writing on E2 (except for giving the site permission to publish). Copyright is a legal concept enacted by Governments, giving the creator of an original work of authorship Exclusive rights to control its distribution usually for Authors retain the right to place their work in the public domain, to release it under a copyleft license such as one of those offered by the GNU project or Creative Commons, or to request the removal of their work from the site at some later date. Copyleft is a play on the word Copyright and describes the practice of using copyright law to remove restrictions on distributing copies and modified versions GNU ( pronounced) is a computer Operating system composed entirely of Free software. Creative Commons (CC is a Non-profit organization devoted to expanding the range of creative works available for others to build upon legally and to share

For a long time, the posting of copyrighted song lyrics and poetry to the site without approval from the copyright holders, while certainly frowned upon, was not actually prohibited. E2 chose to only passively enforce copyright law, in a manner similar to an ISP (for which see OCILLA section 512(c)). This policy changed in August 2003 to a more active one where writeups containing copyrighted material had to either conform to fair use guidelines (length limits, proportion of quoted material to new text) or be posted with permission. Fair use is a doctrine in United States copyright law that allows limited use of copyrighted material without requiring permission from the rights holders such as use for

Rewards

The administrators loosely based E2's reward system on experience points (XP) found in role-playing games. A role-playing game ( RPG; often roleplaying game) is a Game in which the participants assume the roles of Fictional characters. Every time a user creates a writeup, he or she earns five XP. Users with at least 20 contributed writeups and 50 experience points can vote (up or down) on a writeup, which has a ⅓ chance of giving or taking an experience point from the author depending on the direction of the vote and a ⅓ chance of giving a point to the voter. After voting on a writeup, a noder can see the writeup's "reputation," or number of positive and negative votes (administrators do not need to vote to see a writeup's reputation). The site's editors delete writeups that do not meet editorial standards or those whose removal has been author-requested. The only effect writeup deletion has on the author's XPs is that 1 XP received for creating the writeup is removed. A user can view his or her own writeups that have been deleted through the Node Heaven feature.

New levels are attained by reaching a predefined, but arbitrary total of XPs and writeups, which are given in the FAQ. ^[4] An 'honor roll' further rewards users whose writeups have a 'reputation' that has achieved a high interquartile mean by lowering the writeups required to achieve any given level by up to a half. The interquartile mean (IQM is a statistical measure of central tendency, much like the Mean (in more popular terms called the Average) the

The system grants special powers at other levels of writeups and experience, such as "cool" (reward author with ten XPs and send the writeup to the front page), the ability to create basic chat rooms on the site, space for uploading a picture to a user's "homenode", and the ability to hide one's self in the list of logged-in users. The term chat room, or chatroom, is primarily used by Mass media to describe any form of Synchronous conferencing, occasionally even Asynchronous conferencing

Messaging

Everything₂ provides two communication tools: the Chatterbox and the message system.

The Chatterbox is similar to a chat room. The term chat room, or chatroom, is primarily used by Mass media to describe any form of Synchronous conferencing, occasionally even Asynchronous conferencing It appears as a panel on the right side of the page that logged-in users can use to read conversations and participate in them. The site's administrators used to have the ability to "borg"—prevent from using the Chatterbox or message system—those users whose behavior violated the unwritten standards of politeness and decorum. This was done through a bot called EDB (short for "Everything Death Borg"), which announced when it had "swallowed" a user. Internet bots, also known as web robots, WWW robots or simply bots, are software applications that run automated tasks over the Internet These silencings lasted for five minutes, though persistent trolls were silenced for a longer period -- sometimes permanently. An Internet troll, or simply troll in Internet slang, is someone who posts controversial and irrelevant or off-topic messages in an online community such as an As of 2003, the EDB was no longer much used, only making mostly token appearances for humorous effect. Noders who consistently cause trouble (usually by trolling) can be silenced permanently and can be forbidden from noding altogether, though this is rarely done.

The message system lets users send private messages to other users. The messages are stored in the user's mailbox to be read when he or she next logs in. The main use for the message system is giving constructive criticism to the author of a writeup; however, it can be and is used like any medium of private communication. Messages received can be archived or deleted at the receiver's discretion.

Links

Hard links

Hard links in E2 are simply words or phrases surrounded by [square brackets]. Any words inside square brackets in a writeup will become a link to the E2 node of that title. If a node with that title does not yet exist, following the link will bring up the option to create it.

Recently, partial support for external URLs has been implemented. A hardlinked URL will provide, in addition to the option to create a new node, a link to the URL. Heavy use of external URLs is discouraged, however, as E2 is supposed to stand on its own and contain a largely self-supportive infrastructure.

Pipe links

Pipe links are a variant form of hard links. While a hard link to the node Wikipedia would look like [Wikipedia], the pipe link allows the author a greater degree of freedom without restricting what nodes can be linked to. For example, one could write "[Wikipedia|Online encyclopedias] have started to become common sources in my students' research papers. " The sentence looks like this to the reader: "Online encyclopedias have started to become common sources in my students' research papers. ***************************************************************************************** * * " Rolling over the phrase with the mouse (eg "online encyclopedias") shows the hidden content (in this case, "Wikipedia") as the link's title.

Noders can link to a specific writeup within a node by appending (person), (place), (idea) or (thing) to a pipe link. For example, the pipe link [Wiki (thing)|Wiki] links directly to the writeup of the type thing within the Wiki node. If the node contains more than one writeup of the specified type, the pipe link returns a "Duplicates Found" page linking to every writeup of the specified type within the node.

Pipe links on E2 often add "easter egg" content, such as commentary, humor and hidden information. A virtual Easter egg is an intentional Hidden message or feature in an object such as a movie, Book ^[5]

Soft links

At the bottom of every node, the system displays up to 64 soft links, though each node can store an unlimited number thereof. "Guest Users" -- any viewers not logged in -- can see 24, a logged-in user can see up to 48, and the senior administrators ("gods," though this term has fallen out of favour in recent years) can see up to 64. These are two-way links intended to approximate "thought processes". Whenever a logged-in user moves from one node to another, be it through a hard link, another soft link, or through the title search box, the system creates (or strengthens) the bidirectional soft link between the two; however, some nodes—namely the special pages and the user profiles—will not display the soft links so created. By repeatedly moving from one node to another, users can and do deliberately create such soft links; some users will use these soft links to make anonymous comments on others' writing. The site's administrators have the ability to remove soft links at their discretion.

Firm links

Firm links are special, editor-created links that serve to redirect between nodes. Firm links are typically used to link multiple forms of a single name or title to aid searching and ensure that readers find the content that they are seeking. A typical use of firm links would be to permanently link the empty node titled 'U. S. A' to a node titled 'United States of America' that contained writeups about the topic.

Software

E2 is run by the open source Everything Engine, a Perl-based system; its data is stored in a MySQL database. Open source is a development methodology which offers practical accessibility to a product's source (goods and knowledge The Everything Engine is an Open source Content management system written in Perl. NOTES FOR EDITORS "Perl" is not an acronym (read the "Name" section below MySQL is a Relational database management system (RDBMS which has more than 11 million installations

Media coverage

In 2001, The New York Times cited E2 as an example of an emerging class of autonomous, self-organizing sites. ^[6] In 2003, Guardian Unlimited listed E2 as one of the best collaborative encyclopedias on the Web. guardiancouk, formerly known as Guardian Unlimited, is a British website owned by the Guardian Media Group. ^[7] E2 was nominated for a 2004 Webby Award for Technical Achievement. ^[8]

See also

• Online encyclopedia

References

External links

• Everything2.com home page
• Who owns our writeups?@Everything2.com
• Wikipedia@Everything2.com
• Everything2 is not Wikipedia@Everything2.com

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