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Arthur Evelyn St. John Waugh

Evelyn Waugh, as photographed in 1940 by Carl Van Vechten
Born 28 October 1903
London, England
Died 10 April 1966
Taunton, Somerset, England
Occupation Writer
Genres Satire, Humour

Arthur Evelyn St. Carl Van Vechten ( June 17, 1880 &ndash December 21, 1964) was an American Writer and Photographer who was a Events 306 - Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor. 312 - Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. Taunton is the County town of Somerset, England. The Unparished area (or former Municipal borough) of Taunton has a Population Somerset ( or) is a county in south west England The County town is Taunton, which is in the south of the county England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A writer is anyone who creates a written work although the word usually designates those who write creatively or professionally as well as those who have written in many different forms A literary genre is a category of literary composition Genres may be determined by Literary technique, tone, Content, or even (as in the case of fiction Satire is often strictly defined as a literary genre or form; although in practice it is also found in the graphic and Performing arts In satire human Humour or humor (see spelling differences) is the tendency of particular cognitive experiences to provoke Laughter and provide Amusement John Waugh (IPA: /ˈiːvlɪn ˈwɔː/) (28 October 1903 – 10 April 1966) was an English writer, best known for such satirical novels as Decline and Fall, Vile Bodies, Scoop, A Handful of Dust and The Loved One, as well as for broader and more personal works, such as Brideshead Revisited and the Sword of Honour trilogy, that are influenced by his own experiences and his conservative and Catholic viewpoints. Events 306 - Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor. 312 - Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland A writer is anyone who creates a written work although the word usually designates those who write creatively or professionally as well as those who have written in many different forms Satire is often strictly defined as a literary genre or form; although in practice it is also found in the graphic and Performing arts In satire human A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story Decline and Fall is a Novel by the English author Evelyn Waugh, first published in 1928 Vile Bodies is a 1930 novel by Evelyn Waugh satirising decadent young London society between World War I and World Scoop is a 1938 novel by English writer Evelyn Waugh, a Satire of sensational journalism and foreign correspondence A Handful of Dust is a Novel by Evelyn Waugh published in 1934 The Loved One An Anglo-American Tragedy (1948 is a short satirical novel by Evelyn Waugh about the funeral business in Los Angeles, the British Brideshead Revisited The Sacred & Profane Memories of Captain Charles Ryder is a Novel by the English writer Evelyn Waugh, first published in 1945 The Sword of Honour trilogy by Evelyn Waugh is his look at the Second World War. Conservatism is a term used to describe political philosophies that favour Tradition, where tradition refers to various religious cultural or nationally defined Many of Waugh's novels depict British aristocracy and high society, which he satirizes but to which, paradoxically, he was also strongly attracted. Aristocracy is a form of Government, where rule is established through an internal struggle over who has the most status and influence over society and internal relations In addition, he wrote short stories, three biographies, and the first volume of an unfinished autobiography. An autobiography, from the Greek αὐτός autos "self" βίος bios "life" and γράφειν graphein "to write" His travel writings and his extensive diaries and correspondence have also been published. Travel literature is Travel writing considered to have value as Literature. For other uses of the term 'diary' see Diary (disambiguation.

He was the cousin of journalist Claud Cockburn. A journalist (also called a newspaperman) is a person who practices Journalism, the gathering and dissemination of information about current events trends Francis Claud Cockburn (ˈkoːbərn "co-burn" ( Peking, April 12, 1904 &ndash December 15, 1981) was a renowned radical

Contents

Biography

Early life

Born in London, England, Evelyn Waugh was the second son of noted editor and publisher Arthur Waugh. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Publishing is the process of production and dissemination of Literature or Information &ndash the activity of making information available for public view Arthur Waugh was an English Author, Literary critic, and Publisher. He was brought up in upper middle class circumstances in the wealthy London suburb of Hampstead, where he attended Heath Mount School. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Hampstead is an area of London, England, located north-west of Charing Cross. Heath Mount School is a co-educational prep school near Watton-at-Stone, Hertfordshire. [1] His only sibling was his older brother Alec, who also became a writer. Alexander Raban Waugh ( Alec Waugh) ( 8 July 1898 – 3 September 1981) was a British Novelist, the elder brother of the Both Arthur and Alec had been educated at Sherborne, an English public school, but Alec had been asked to leave early during his final year after publishing a controversial novel, The Loom of Youth, based on the homosexual relationships in his school life. Sherborne School is a British Independent school for boys located in the town of Sherborne in north-west Dorset, England. The term public school has two distinct (and virtually opposite meanings depending on the location of usage in the United States, Australia and The Loom of Youth is a novel written by Alec Waugh, older brother of Evelyn Waugh, based on his life at Sherborne School, a Public school Sherborne therefore refused to take Evelyn and his father sent him to Lancing College, a school of lesser social prestige with a strong High Church Anglican character. Lancing College is a co-educational English Independent school, founded in 1848 by Rev " High Church " relates to Ecclesiology and Liturgy in Anglican theology and practice The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican This circumstance would rankle with the status-conscious Evelyn for the rest of his life but may have contributed to his interest in religion, even though at Lancing he lost his childhood faith and became an agnostic. Agnosticism ( Greek: α- a-, without + γνώσις gnōsis, knowledge after Gnosticism) is the philosophical view that the

After Lancing, he attended Hertford College, Oxford as a history scholar. Hertford College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. There, Waugh neglected academic work and was known as much for his artwork as for his writing. He also threw himself into a vigorous social scene populated by both aesthetes such as Harold Acton, Brian Howard and David Talbot Rice, as well as members of the British aristocracy and the upper classes. This article is about aestheticism a term with a root meaning of sensuous Not to be confused with the religious practice of Asceticism: an abstinence from the sensual Sir Harold Mario Mitchell Acton KBE ( 5 July 1904 - 27 February 1994) was a British writer scholar and Dilettante Brian Howard is the name of Brian Howard (poet (1905-1958 English poet Brian Howard (basketball (born 1967 American basketball player David Talbot Rice CBE ( 11 July 1903, Rugby - 12 March 1972, Cheltenham) was a British art historian The Peerage is a system of Titles of Nobility in the United Kingdom, part of the British honours system. His social life at Oxford influenced Waugh's personal conversion to a more conservative social and cultural viewpoint, and provided the background for some of his most characteristic later writing. Asked if he had competed in any sport for his College, Waugh famously replied "I drank for Hertford. " It has been claimed but not proven that he had homosexual relationships during his college years. [2]

Evelyn Waugh as a student, from a portrait by the British painter Henry Lamb (1883-1960), a member of Walter Sickert's Camden Town Group, and later the Bloomsbury Group.
Evelyn Waugh as a student, from a portrait by the British painter Henry Lamb (1883-1960), a member of Walter Sickert's Camden Town Group, and later the Bloomsbury Group. Henry Lamb MC RA (1883 - 8 October 1960 was Australian-born British painter and follower of Augustus John. Walter Richard Sickert ( May 31, 1860 in Munich, Germany &ndash January 22, 1942 in Bath, England The Camden Town Group was a group of English Post-Impressionist artists active during 1911-1913 The Bloomsbury Group was an English collectivity of loving friends and relatives who lived in or near London during the first half of the twentieth century

Waugh's final exam results qualified him only for a third-class degree. The British undergraduate degree classification system is a grading scheme for Undergraduate degrees ( Bachelor's degrees and some Master's degrees He refused to remain in residence for the extra term that would have been required of him and he left Oxford in 1924 without taking his degree. In 1925 he taught at a private school in Wales. In his autobiography, Waugh claims that he attempted suicide at the time by swimming out to sea, only to turn back after being stung by jellyfish. Jellyfish are free-swimming members of the phylum Cnidaria. They have several different basic morphologies that represent several different cnidarian classes including the He was later dismissed from another teaching post for attempting to seduce the matron, telling his father he had been dismissed for "inebriation".

He was briefly apprenticed to a cabinet-maker and afterwards maintained an interest in marquetry, to which his novels have been compared in their intricate inlaid subplots. Marquetry is the Craft of covering a structural carcass with pieces of veneer forming decorative patterns designs or pictures He also worked as a journalist, before he published his first novel in 1928, Decline and Fall. Decline and Fall is a Novel by the English author Evelyn Waugh, first published in 1928 The title is from Gibbon, but whereas Gibbon charted the bankruptcy and dissolution of Rome, Waugh's was a witty account of quite a different sort of dissolution, following the career of the harmless Paul Pennyfeather, a student of divinity, as he is accidentally expelled from Oxford for indecency ("I expect you'll be becoming a schoolmaster, sir," says the College porter to Paul, "That's what most of the gentlemen does, sir, that gets sent down for indecent behaviour") and enters into the worlds of schoolmastering, high society, and the white slave trade. Edward Gibbon ( April 27, 1737 January 16, 1794) was an English historian and Member of Parliament. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Divinity is the study of Christian and other Theology and Religious ministry at a School, Divinity school, University Prostitution is the act of performing Sexual activity in exchange for Money. Other novels about England's "bright young things" followed, and all were well received by both critics and the general public. Vile Bodies is a 1930 novel by Evelyn Waugh satirising decadent young London society between World War I and World

Waugh entered into a brief, unhappy marriage in 1928 to the Hon. Evelyn Florence Margaret Winifred Gardner, youngest daughter of Lord Burghclere and Lady Winifred Herbert, and granddaughter of Henry Herbert, 4th Earl of Carnarvon. Herbert Colstoun Gardner 1st Baron Burghclere PC ( 9 June 1846 - 6 May 1921) was a British Liberal politician Henry Howard Molyneux Herbert 4th Earl of Carnarvon ( 24 June, 1831 - 29 June, 1890) was an English Politician and Their friends called them "He-Evelyn" and "She-Evelyn. " Gardner's infidelity would provide the background for Waugh's novel A Handful of Dust. A Handful of Dust is a Novel by Evelyn Waugh published in 1934 The marriage ended in divorce in 1930.

Waugh converted to Catholicism and, after his marriage was annulled by the Church, he married Laura Herbert, a Catholic, daughter of Aubrey Herbert, and, like Waugh's first wife, a granddaughter of the 4th Earl of Carnarvon. Aubrey Nigel Henry Molyneux Herbert, MP, (1880 &ndash September 26, 1923) was a British diplomat traveller and intelligence officer associated with This marriage was successful, lasting the rest of his life, producing seven children, one of whom, Mary, died in infancy. His son Auberon Waugh followed in his footsteps as a notable writer and journalist. Auberon Alexander Waugh (ˈɔːbərən ˈwɔː ( November 17, 1939 &ndash January 16, 2001) was a British author and Journalist.

The 1930s

Waugh's fame continued to grow between the wars, based on his satires of contemporary upper class English society, written in prose that was seductively simple and elegant. Satire is often strictly defined as a literary genre or form; although in practice it is also found in the graphic and Performing arts In satire human Is a concept in Sociology that refers to the group of people at the top of a Social hierarchy. His style was often inventive (a chapter, for example, would be written entirely in the form of a dialogue of telephone calls). His conversion to Roman Catholicism in 1930 was a watershed in his life and his writing. It elevated Catholic themes in his work, and aspects of his deep and sincere faith, both implicit and explicit, can be found in all of his later work.

Waugh's conversion to Catholicism was widely discussed in London society and newspapers in September 1930. In response to the gossip, Waugh made his own contribution in article entitled, "Converted to Rome: Why It Has Happened to Me. " It wasn't about ritual, said Waugh, nor about submission to the views of others. The essential issue, he believed, was making a choice between Christianity or chaos. Waugh saw in Europe's increasing materialization a major decline in what he felt created Western Civilization in the first place. "It is no longer possible . . . ," he wrote, "to accept the benefits of civilization and at the same time deny the supernatural basis upon which it is based. " He added that Catholicism was the "most complete and vital form" of Christianity. His faith and his conviction persisted throughout all the chapters of his life.

At the same time (and perhaps because it integrated both his beliefs and his natural "dark humor"), Black Mischief and A Handful of Dust contain episodes of the most savage farce. In some of his fiction Waugh derives comedy from the cruelty of mischance; ingenuous characters are subject to bizarre calamities in a universe that seems to lack a shaping and protecting God, or any other source of order and comfort. The period between the wars also saw extensive travels around the Mediterranean and Red Sea, Spitsbergen, Africa (most famously Ethiopia) and South America. The Red Sea is a Salt water Inlet of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Asia. Spitsbergen (formerly known as West Spitsbergen, and sometimes misspelled Spitzbergen) is a Norwegian island the largest Island of the NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a Sections of the numerous travel books which resulted are often cited as among the best writing in this genre. A compendium of Waugh's favourite travel writing has been issued under the title When The Going Was Good.

Second World War

With the advent of the Second World War, Waugh used "friends in high places", such as Randolph Churchill — son of Winston — to find him a service commission. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Major Randolph Frederick Edward Spencer Churchill, MBE ( May 28, 1911 &ndash June 6, 1968) was the son of British Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 Though 36 years old with poor eyesight, he was commissioned in the Royal Marines in 1940. The Royal Marines ( RM) are the marine corps and amphibious Infantry of the United Kingdom and along with the Royal Navy Few can have been less suited to command troops. He lacked the common touch. Though personally brave, he did not suffer fools gladly. There was some concern that the men under his command might shoot him instead of the enemy. Promoted to captain, Waugh found life in the Marines dull.

Waugh participated in the failed attempt to take Dakar from the Vichy French in late 1940. For the Dakar Rally see Dakar Rally. For the Israeli submarine see INS Dakar. Vichy France, or the Vichy regime are the common terms used to describe the government of France from July 1940 to August 1944 Following a joint exercise with No. 3 Commando (Army), he applied to join them and was accepted. The British Commandos were first formed by the British Army in June 1940 during World War II as a well-armed but non-regimental raider force employing unconventional Waugh took part in an ill-fated commando raid on the coast of Libya. Libya ( ليبيا ar-Latn Lībiyā; Libyan vernacular: Lībya; Amazigh:) officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab As special assistant to the famed commando leader Robert Laycock, Waugh showed conspicuous bravery during the fighting in Crete in 1941, supervising the evacuation of troops while under attack by Stuka dive bombers. Major General Sir Robert Edward Laycock KCMG, CB, DSO, KStJ ( 18 April 1907 &ndash 10 March The Battle of Crete ( German Luftlandeschlacht um Kreta; Greek Μάχη της Κρήτης) was a battle during World War II The Junkers Ju 87 or Stuka (from Stu rz' ka' mpfflugzeug, " Dive bomber " was a two-seat (pilot and rear gunner

Later, Waugh was placed on extended leave and later reassigned to the Royal Horse Guards. The Royal Horse Guards ( RHG) was a cavalry regiment of the British Army, part of the Household Cavalry. During this period he wrote Brideshead Revisited. Brideshead Revisited The Sacred & Profane Memories of Captain Charles Ryder is a Novel by the English writer Evelyn Waugh, first published in 1945 He was recalled for a military/diplomatic mission to Yugoslavia in 1944 at the request of his old friend Randolph Churchill. See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian He and Churchill narrowly escaped capture or death when the Germans undertook Operation Rösselsprung, and paratroops and glider-borne storm troops attacked the partisans' headquarters where they were staying. The Raid on Drvar ( Croatian, Serbian: Desant na Drvar) codenamed Operation Rösselsprung ( German for " knight The Yugoslav Partisans, or simply the Partisans, ( Serbo-Croatian, Croatian, Serbian, Macedonian, Slovene: Partizani During his time in Yugoslavia Waugh produced a formidable report detailing Tito's persecution of Catholics and the clergy. It was "buried" by Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden as being largely irrelevant. Robert Anthony Eden 1st Earl of Avon, KG, MC, PC (12 June 1897 &ndash 14 January 1977 was a British Conservative Politician

Some of Waugh's best-loved and best-known novels come from this period. Brideshead Revisited (1945), is an evocation of a vanished pre-war England. It is an extraordinary work which in many ways has come to define Waugh and his view of his world. It not only painted a rich picture of life in England and at Oxford University at a time (before World War II), which Waugh himself loved and embellished in the novel, but it allowed him to share his feelings about his Catholic faith, principally through the actions of his characters. Amazingly, he was granted leave from the war to write it. The book was applauded by his friends, not just for an evocation of a time now — and then — long gone, but also for its examination of the manifold pressures within a traditional Catholic family. It was a huge success in Britain and in the United States. Decades later a television adaptation (1981) achieved popularity and acclaim in both countries, and around the world; a film adaptation is planned for 2008. Waugh revised the novel in the late 1950s because he found parts of it "distasteful on a full stomach" by which he meant that he wrote the novel during the gray privations of the latter war years.

Much of Waugh's war experience is reflected in the Sword of Honour trilogy. A trilogy is a set of three works of art usually Literature, Film, or Video games, that are connected and can be seen either as a single work or three It consists of three novels, Men at Arms (1952), Officers and Gentlemen (1955) and Unconditional Surrender (1961), which loosely parallel his wartime experiences. His trilogy, along with his other work after the 1930s, became some of the best books written about the Second World War. Many of his portraits are unforgettable, and often show striking resemblances to noted real personalities. Waugh biographer Christopher Sykes, felt that the fire-eating officer in the Sword of Honour trilogy, Brigadier Ben Ritchie-Hook, ". Christopher Sykes could refer to Christopher Sykes (MP (1831 &ndash 1898 Member of Parliament and friend of Edward VII as Prince of Wales . . bears a very strong resemblance to. . . " Lieutenant-General Sir Adrian Carton de Wiart VC, a friend of the author's father-in-law. Lieutenant-General Sir Adrian Carton de Wiart VC, KBE, CB, CMG, DSO (5 May 1880 - 5 June 1963 was a British See below the section "Separate Commonwealth awards" Note that since Waugh was familiar with Carton de Wiart through the club to which he belonged. The fictional commando leader, Tommy Blackhouse, is based on Major-General Sir Robert Laycock, a real-life commando leader and friend of Waugh's, whom he greatly admired. Major General Sir Robert Edward Laycock KCMG, CB, DSO, KStJ ( 18 April 1907 &ndash 10 March

Later years

The period after the war saw Waugh living with his family in the West Country, first at Piers Court, and from 1956 onwards, at Combe Florey, Somerset, where he enjoyed the life of a country gentleman and continued to write. The West Country is an informal term for the area of south western England roughly corresponding to the modern South West England government region Combe Florey is a Village and Parish in Somerset, England, situated six Miles north west of Taunton in the Taunton Somerset ( or) is a county in south west England The County town is Taunton, which is in the south of the county (Combe Florey was bought from his widow by their son Auberon. Auberon Alexander Waugh (ˈɔːbərən ˈwɔː ( November 17, 1939 &ndash January 16, 2001) was a British author and Journalist. [3]) Waugh was highly critical of Vatican II's 1960s changes to his beloved Tridentine liturgy, which he in part loved for what he saw as its timelessness. The Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican, or Vatican II, was the twentieth century Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. The Tridentine Mass (Missa Tridentina is the form of the Roman Rite Mass contained in the typical editions of the Roman Missal that were published (Cf. Bitter Trial by Waugh and ed. by S. Reid)

For a base in London, he was a member of White's and the St James's Club in Piccadilly. White's is a London Gentlemen's club, established at 4 Chesterfield Street in 1693 by Italian immigrant Francesco Bianco (AKA "Francis White" The St James's Club was a London Gentlemen's club which operated between 1857 and 1978. Piccadilly is a major London street running from Hyde Park Corner in the west to Piccadilly Circus in the east [4]

The Ordeal of Gilbert Pinfold (1957) depicts its hero's steady descent into madness — the experience was actually Waugh's own, the result of mixing sleeping medication with alcohol that induced a severe bout of paranoia that reached its peak on a sea voyage to Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island During this period he wrote Helena, (1953), a fictional account of the Empress Helena and the finding of the True Cross, which he regarded as his best work. [5]

Waugh's health declined in later life. He put on weight, and the sleeping draughts he continued to take, combined with alcohol, cigars and little exercise, weakened his health. His productivity also declined, and his output was uneven. His last published work, Basil Seal Rides Again, revisiting the characters of his earliest satirical works, did not meet critical or popular approval, but is still read today. At the same time, he continued as a journalist and was well received.

He appeared in two television interviews with the BBC in the early 1960s, the only time his appearance was recorded publicly, during which the interviewers sought to corner him as an anachronistic figure. He overcame them, particularly in the second interview with novelist Elizabeth Jane Howard on the Monitor programme in 1964. Elizabeth Jane Howard (born 26 March 1923, London) is an English novelist [6] (The other interview was on John Freeman's Face to Face series broadcast on 18 June 1960. Major John Freeman, MBE (born 19 February 1915 is a retired British Politician, Diplomat and Broadcaster. Face To Face was a 35 episode BBC television series broadcast between 1959 and 1962. ) An earlier radio interview on the BBC Home Service in 1953 was somewhat less convivial. [7]

Waugh's diaries, published in the 1970s, were widely acclaimed. His correspondence with lifelong friends, such as Nancy Mitford, is still published today. Nancy Freeman-Mitford, CBE ( 28 November 1904, London - 30 June 1973, Versailles) styled The Hon He is a fruitful source for biographers; three major works have been produced since Christopher Sykes's friendly and familiar account of Waugh's life was published in the 1970s. Christopher Sykes could refer to Christopher Sykes (MP (1831 &ndash 1898 Member of Parliament and friend of Edward VII as Prince of Wales

Evelyn Waugh died, aged 62, on 10 April 1966, after attending a Latin Mass on Easter Sunday. Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. He suffered a heart attack in the lavatory of his home, Combe Florey. His estate at probate was valued at £20,068. This did not include the value of his lucrative copyrights, which Waugh put in a trust (humorously named the 'Save the Children Fund') for his children. He is buried at Combe Florey, Somerset.

List of works

Novels

Travel writing

Biography

Autobiography and memoirs

Biographies of Waugh

Critical reception and legacy

In 1944, American literary critic Edmund Wilson pronounced Waugh "the only first-rate comic genius that has appeared in English since Bernard Shaw,"[8] while Time magazine declared, in a 1966 obituary, that he had "developed a wickedly hilarious yet fundamentally religious assault on a century that, in his opinion, had ripped up the nourishing taproot of tradition and let wither all the dear things of the world. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Edmund Wilson ( May 8, 1895 &ndash June 12 1972) was an American Writer and George Bernard Shaw ( (26 July 1856 &ndash 2 November 1950 was an Irish Playwright. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and "[9] Waugh's works were very successful with the reading public and he was widely admired by critics as a humorist and prose stylist. In his notes for an unpublished review of Brideshead Revisited, George Orwell declared that Waugh was "about as good a novelist as one can be while holding untenable opinions. Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950 who used the Pseudonym George Orwell, was an English writer "[10] The American conservative commentator William F. Buckley, Jr. found in Waugh "the greatest English novelist of the century,"[11] while his liberal counterpart Gore Vidal called him "our time's first satirist. William Frank Buckley Jr ( November 24 1925  – February 27 2008) was an American Author and conservative Gore Vidal (born October 3 1925 ˌgɔər vɪˈdɑːl or /vɪˈdæl/ is an American Novelist, Screenwriter, Playwright, "[12] Even the "overt racism" of his African writings has been forgiven by Ethiopian luminaries because his humour, satire, cruelty and wit were spread even-handedly, attacking the foibles of his own country at least as vigorously as those of foreigners. [13]

Cultural references

References

  1. ^ http://www.heathmount.org
  2. ^ The Waughs: Fathers and Sons in BBC Four Documentaries online (accessed 22 March 2008)
  3. ^ Auberon Waugh, Will this do?, p206 Century/random house, London 1991
  4. ^ WAUGH, Evelyn Arthur St John in Who Was Who 1897–2006 online (accessed 10 January 2008)
  5. ^ "It's the best written; the most interesting theme. " Evelyn Waugh, appearing on the BBC television "Face to Face" interview with John Freeman, 18 June 1960
  6. ^ "Evelyn Waugh in his own Words - Waugh’s interview with Elizabeth Jane Howard", Partial transcript of the Monitor programme 1964.
  7. ^ Mark Brown "Waugh at the BBC: 'the most ill-natured interview ever' on CD after 55 years", The Guardian, 15 April 2008. Retrieved on 15 April 2008.
  8. ^ " 'Never Apologize, Never Explain', The Art of Evelyn Waugh," The New Yorker, 4 March 1944, reprinted in Classics and Commercials, A Literary Chronicle of the Forties, by Edmund Wilson, page 140, Vintage Books, New York, 1962
  9. ^ Evelyn Waugh (1903–1966): The Beauty of his Malice, obituary in Time, Apr. Vintage Books was founded in 1954 by Alfred A Knopf as a trade Paperback home for its authors 22, 1966
  10. ^ Quoted in Christopher Hitchens, "The Permanent Adolescent," The Atlantic Monthly, May 2003
  11. ^ "Evelyn Waugh, R. Christopher Eric Hitchens (born April 13, 1949) is a British Author, Journalist, Literary critic and American The Atlantic (formerly known as The Atlantic Monthly) is an American Magazine founded in Boston in 1857 I. P. ", National Review, May 3, 1966 [1]
  12. ^ "Evelyn Waugh," New York Times Book Review, 7 January 1962, reprinted in Rocking the Boat, by Gore Vidal, pages 235-243, Little Brown, Boston, 1962
  13. ^ [2] BBC World Service "Anniversary Waugh of words" 23 April 2003

External links

National Review ( NR) is a biweekly Magazine and Web site, founded by the late author William F Little Brown and Company is a publishing house established by Charles Coffin Little and his partner James Brown.
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