Evans Carlson - Citizendia

Evans Fordyce Carlson
February 26, 1896(1896-02-26) – May 27, 1947 (aged 51)
BGen Evans Carlson
Place of birth	Sidney, New York
Place of death	Portland, Oregon
Allegiance	United States of America
Service/branch	United States Army United States Marine Corps
Years of service	1912–1916, 1916–1921 (USA) 1922–1939, 1941–1946 (USMC)
Rank	Brigadier General
Commands held	2nd Raider Battalion
Battles/wars	World War I World War II Makin Island Raid Guadalcanal campaign *Carlson's patrol Battle of Tarawa *Battle of Saipan
Awards	Navy Cross (3) Legion of Merit Purple Heart (2)

Brigadier General Evans Fordyce Carlson (26 February 1896–27 May 1947) was the famed U.S. Marine Corps leader of the World War II "Carlson's Raiders". Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Sidney in the US state of New York may refer to a town in Delaware County, or the village contained in the town Portland is a city located in the Northwestern United States, near the Confluence of the Willamette and Columbia rivers The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. Brigadier General is the lowest ranking General Officer in some countries usually sitting between the ranks of Colonel and Major General. The Marine Raiders were elite units established by the United States Marine Corps during World War II to conduct amphibious light infantry warfare World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Makin ("muggin" Island raid occurred on August 17 – August 18, 1942, and was an attack by the United States Marine Corps The Guadalcanal Campaign, also known as the Battle of Guadalcanal, was fought between August 7, 1942, and February 9, 1943, in the Carlson's patrol, also known as The Long Patrol or Carlson's long patrol, was an operation by the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion under the command of The Battle of Saipan was a battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II, fought on the island of Saipan in the Mariana Islands from The Navy Cross is the second highest medal that can be awarded by the Department of the Navy and the second highest award given for valor. The Legion of Merit is a military decoration of the United States armed forces that is awarded for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding The Purple Heart is a United States military decoration awarded in the name of the President to those who have been wounded or killed while serving Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including He is renowned for the "Makin Island Raid" on August 17, 1942 and their "Long Patrol" from November 4, 1942 to December 4, 1942 behind Japanese lines on Guadalcanal, in which 488 Japanese were killed, 16 Raiders were killed and 18 wounded, during the Guadalcanal campaign. For the village see Butaritari (village Butaritari (previously known as Makin Pitt Island Taritari Island or Touching Island is an Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Empire of Japan ( {{unicode|Kyūjitai}}: ja 大日本帝國 Shinjitai: ja 大日本帝国 pronounced Dai Nippon Teikoku Guadalcanal (local name Isatabu) is a 2510- Square mile (6500- km²) Island in the Pacific Ocean and a province of the Solomon The Guadalcanal Campaign, also known as the Battle of Guadalcanal, was fought between August 7, 1942, and February 9, 1943, in the

Biography

Evans Carlson was born on 26 February 1896 in Sidney, New York, the son of a Congregationalist minister. Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Sidney in the US state of New York may refer to a town in Delaware County, or the village contained in the town The United Church of Christ ( UCC) is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination principally in the United States,

Early military career—U. S. Army

Carlson began his long and colorful military career in 1912, when at the age of 16 he ran away from home and enlisted in the U.S. Army. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. During his four years in the Army, he served in the Philippines and Hawaii. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the He was discharged in 1916 as a "top" or first sergeant. First Sergeant is the name of a military rank used in some countries Less than a year later, he returned to the Army and participated in the Mexican punitive expedition. The Punitive Expedition (officially known in the United States as the Mexican Expedition) was a Military operation conducted by the United States

World War I

During World War I, he saw action in France, and was awarded a Wound Chevron (later exchanged for the Purple Heart) for wounds received in action. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All A Wound Chevron was a badge of the United States Army which was authorized for wear on an Army uniform between the years of 1918 and 1932 The Purple Heart is a United States military decoration awarded in the name of the President to those who have been wounded or killed while serving He was commissioned a second lieutenant in May 1917, and made captain of field artillery in December 1917. He served in Germany with the Army of Occupation. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. He was discharged from the Army in 1921.

Marine Corps career

Carlson's famed career as a Marine started in 1922 when he enlisted as a private. In 1923, he was commissioned a second lieutenant. After duty at Quantico, Virginia, he sailed for Culebra, Puerto Rico in 1924 and remained there five months before being ordered to the West Coast for duty with the Pacific Fleet. Quantico Virginia lies in Prince William County, north-northeast of Fredericksburg Virginia, United States, near Dumfries and Stafford Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} Applying for aviation training in 1925, he went to Pensacola, Florida, for instruction, but subsequently returned to duty with ground units. Pensacola is the westernmost city in the Florida Panhandle and the County seat of Escambia County. He served another tour of foreign shore duty from 1927 to 1929 at Shanghai, China. Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million

Nicaragua

Carlson was ordered to Nicaragua in 1930 as an officer in the Guardia Nacional. Nicaragua (ˌnɪkəˈrɑgwə officially the Republic of Nicaragua () is a representative democratic republic and the largest nation in Central America A first lieutenant at the time, he earned his first Navy Cross for leading 12 Marines against 100 bandits during the Banana Wars. The Navy Cross is the second highest medal that can be awarded by the Department of the Navy and the second highest award given for valor. For the 1974-1975 Banana war against US monopolies and Central American countries see Union of Banana Exporting Countries. He was also commended for his actions following the 1931 earthquake at Managua, and for performance of duties as Chief of Police in 1932 and 1933. The 1931 Nicaragua earthquake devastated Managua, Nicaragua in 1931. Managua is the Capital city of Nicaragua as well as the department and municipality by the same name

Friendship with the Roosevelts

Returning to the United States in 1933, he was placed in command of the Marine Corps Detachment at President Roosevelt's alternative White House and vacation retreat at Warm Springs, Georgia where he became closely acquainted with President Franklin D. Roosevelt and his son James Roosevelt. See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence Warm Springs is a City in Meriwether County, Georgia, United States. James Roosevelt (December 23 1907 – August 13 1991 was the oldest son of President Franklin D

China

After his Warm Springs tour Carlson was posted to the 4th Marines in Shanghai. The 4th Marine Regiment is an Infantry Regiment of the United States Marine Corps. Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million Shortly afterward he was transferred to the Marine Detachment, American Legation, Peiping, China, where he served as Adjutant and studied the Chinese language. In 1936, he returned to the United States via Japan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. At home he served at Quantico while attending Marine Corps Schools, and studying International Law and Politics at George Washington University in Washington, D.C.

He went back to China for the third time in 1937 as an official student of the Chinese language and as a military observer with Chinese forces. Quantico Virginia lies in Prince William County, north-northeast of Fredericksburg Virginia, United States, near Dumfries and Stafford The George Washington University ( GW or GWU) is a private coeducational university located in Washington D Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D There he was afforded the opportunity to learn the tactics of the Japanese soldier.

He met Edgar Snow in China and read Snow's Red Star Over China. Edgar Snow ( 19 July 1905 in Kansas City Missouri – 15 February 1972 in Geneva) was an American Journalist Red Star Over China, a book by Edgar Snow, is an account of the Communist Party of China written when they were a guerrilla army still obscure This encounter led him to visit the Chinese communist troop headquarters in northern China, where he met Chinese Communist leaders such as Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping. Mao Zedong ( 26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese Military and political leader who led Zhou Enlai ( (5 March 1898 – 8 January 1976 was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China, serving from 1949 until his death in January 1976 Deng Xiaoping ( 22 August 1904 19 February 1997) was a prominent Chinese Revolutionary, Politician, Pragmatist and Reformer Traveling thousands of miles through the interior of China with the communist guerrillas, often on foot and horseback over the most hazardous terrain, he lived under the same primitive conditions. He was impressed by the tactics used by Chinese Communist guerrillas to fight Japanese troops. The Eighth Route Army ( was the larger of the two major Chinese communist forces that formed a unit of the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China which

When he left China in 1938, he was commended by the Commander in Chief of the Asiatic Fleet for his services. He was so impressed with the danger of Japanese aggression in the Far East that in 1939 he resigned his commission as a captain in order to be free to write and lecture on that subject. When the danger he foresaw neared reality in 1941, he applied to be recommissioned in the Marine Corps and was accepted with the rank of major.

World War II—Carlson's Raiders (Makin, Guadalcanal); Tarawa, Saipan

LtCol Carlson after the Makin Island Raid

A year later, in 1942, he was placed in command of the Second Marine Raider Battalion with the rank of lieutenant colonel. The Marine Raiders were elite units established by the United States Marine Corps during World War II to conduct amphibious light infantry warfare His organization of the battalion was heavily influenced by his observations of Communist Route Armies he had made during his time in China. In the pre-WWII era, there was a sharp caste-system divide between officers and enlisted personnel, and even experienced noncommissioned officers were expected to be subservient to even the newest, greenest second lieutenant. Carlson's experience having gone back and forth between officer and enlisted status in both the Army and the Marine Corps convinced him that this was not in the best interests of the service. Carlson saw the Communist approach as superior. Leaders were expected to serve the unit and the fighters they led, not to be served. Responsibility, not privilege, would be the keyword for battalion leadership when the Second Raiders formed up. Using an egalitarian and team-building approach, Carlson promulgated a new way for senior NCOs to mentor junior officers and work with the officers for the betterment of the unit The later deactivation of the Raiders and the spread of its personnel through the Corps took this proven strategy for successful units across the Corps. Interestingly, the formation, training, and eventual deactivation of the paratroops and Rangers in the Army spread similar ideas as both services' elite units crosstrained and copied each other.

Carlson's leadership of the Second Raiders in the Makin Raid, 17 August 1942, earned him a Gold Star in lieu of a second Navy Cross. The Makin ("muggin" Island raid occurred on August 17 – August 18, 1942, and was an attack by the United States Marine Corps Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A second Gold Star was awarded him for heroism and distinguished leadership on Guadalcanal in November and December of that year. Guadalcanal (local name Isatabu) is a 2510- Square mile (6500- km²) Island in the Pacific Ocean and a province of the Solomon

Colonel Carlson was ordered back to the United States for medical treatment in spring 1943, and served as a technical advisor to Walter Wanger's Gung Ho!: The Story of Carlson's Makin Island Raiders (released December 1943). Walter Wanger ( July 11, 1894 – November 18, 1968) was an Academy Award -winning American Film producer Gung Ho! (full title Gung Ho! The Story of Carlson's Makin Island Raiders) is a 1943 War film starring Randolph Scott He subsequently returned to Tarawa as an observer. In its November 1943 engagement he was cited for volunteering to carry vital information through enemy fire from an advanced post to division headquarters.

He was wounded during the 1944 Saipan operation while attempting to rescue a wounded enlisted radioman from a front-line observation post, and was awarded a Gold Star in lieu of a second Purple Heart. The Battle of Saipan was a battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II, fought on the island of Saipan in the Mariana Islands from

Retirement

Physical disability resulting from the wounds received on Saipan caused Carlson's retirement on 1 July 1946. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He was advanced to the rank of brigadier general on the retired list at that time for having been specially commended for the performance of duty in actual combat.

On 27 May 1947, at age 51, Carlson died as the result of a cardiac ailment at Emmanuel Hospital, Portland, Oregon. Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Portland is a city located in the Northwestern United States, near the Confluence of the Willamette and Columbia rivers He had been living in Brightwood, Oregon, since his retirement. Brightwood is an unincorporated community within the Mount Hood Corridor in Clackamas County, Oregon, United States. He was survived by his wife, Mrs. Peggy Tatum Carlson, and a son by a previous marriage, Evans C. Carlson.

General Carlson is buried in Arlington National Cemetery. Arlington National Cemetery, in Arlington Virginia, is a military cemetery in the United States, established during the American Civil War

Navy Cross citations

Navy Cross

Evans Carlson was awarded three Navy Crosses—his first for service in Nicaragua and two for his service during World War II. The Navy Cross is the second highest medal that can be awarded by the Department of the Navy and the second highest award given for valor.

First Navy Cross—Nicaragua (May 16, 1930–May 1, 1931)

CARLSON, EVANS FORDYCE
First Lieutenant, U. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. S. Marine Corps
Guardia Nacional de Nicaragua
Date of Action: May 16, 1930–May 1, 1931

Citation

The Navy Cross is presented to Evans Fordyce Carlson, First Lieutenant, U. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. S. Marine Corps, for extraordinary heroism while attached to the Guardia Nacional from 16 May 1930 to 1 May 1931. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Upon joining the Guardia Nacional, First Lieutenant Carlson was assigned at Jalapa in the bandit area of Nueva Segovia. On 8 July 1930, he received a report that a group of one hundred bandits were looting the town of Portillo. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He immediately left with a detachment of sixteen men to gain contact. Four the men deserted en route but with the remaining twelve men he pushed on and overtook and gained contact with a group of forty bandits, completely routing them, killing two and wounding seven, without any casualties to his detachment. Arms, ammunition, equipment and clothing looted from the town of Portillo were recaptured. Lieutenant Carlson maintained his district in a most excellent manner and by his activities and well-directed operations kept it singularly free from banditry. ^[1]

Second Navy Cross–Makin Island Raid (August 17–18, 1942)

CARLSON, EVANS FORDYCE
Lieutenant Colonel, U. S. Marine Corps (Reserve)
Commanding Officer, 2d Marine Raider Battalion
Date of Action: August 17–18, 1942

Citation

The Navy Cross is presented to Evans Fordyce Carlson, Lieutenant Colonel, U. S. Marine Corps (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism and distinguished service as Commanding Officer of the Second Marine Raider Battalion in action against enemy Japanese forces on Makin Island, 17–18 August 1942. Events 293 BC - The oldest known Roman temple to Venus is founded starting the institution of Vinalia Rustica. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In the first operation of this type ever conducted by United States forces, Lieutenant Colonel Carlson personally directed his forces in the face of intense fire of enemy ground troops and aerial bombing barrage, inflicting great personnel and material damage on the enemy. In the withdrawal of his forces under adverse sea conditions, he displayed outstanding resourcefulness, initiative and resolute purpose in evacuating all wounded and disabled men. His high courage and excellent leadership throughout the engagement were in keeping with the finest traditions of the United States Naval Service. ^[2]

SPOT AWARD, October 1942

Third Navy Cross—Long Patrol (November 4–December 4, 1942)

CARLSON, EVANS FORDYCE
Lieutenant Colonel, U. "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. S. Marine Corps (Reserve)
Commanding Officer, 2d Marine Raider Battalion
Date of Action: November 4–December 4, 1942

Citation

The Navy Cross is presented to Evans Fordyce Carlson, Lieutenant Colonel, U. "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. S. Marine Corps (Reserve), for extraordinary heroism and courage as leader of the Second Marine Raider Battalion in action against enemy Japanese forces in the British Solomon Islands during the period from 4 November to 4 December 1942. "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In the face of most difficult conditions of tropical weather and heavy growth, Lieutenant Colonel Carlson led his men in a determined and aggressive search for threatening hostile forces, overcoming all opposition and completing their mission with small losses to our men while taking heavy toll of the enemy. His personal valor and inspiring fortitude reflect great credit upon Lieutenant Colonel Carlson, his command and the United States Naval Service. ^[2]

SPOT AWARD, January 1943

Decorations

	Navy Cross with two award stars
	Legion of Merit
	Purple Heart with one award star
	Presidential Unit Citation with three award stars
	Marine Corps Expeditionary Medal
	World War I Victory Medal with France Clasp
	China Service Medal
	Yangtze Service Medal
	Second Nicaraguan Campaign Medal
	American Defense Service Medal
	American Campaign Medal
	Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with three bronze service stars
	World War II Victory Medal

Italian Croix de Guerre
Nicaragua Presidential Order of Merit
Nicaraguan Medal of Distinction

Bibliography

Carlson wrote books about his third tour in China when he was attached to the Chinese 8th Route Army:

Twin Stars of China, Dodd, Mead & Company, 1940. The Navy Cross is the second highest medal that can be awarded by the Department of the Navy and the second highest award given for valor. An award star is a decoration issued by the United States military in lieu of multiple awards of the same award for example a second and subsequent Legion of Merit The Legion of Merit is a military decoration of the United States armed forces that is awarded for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding The Purple Heart is a United States military decoration awarded in the name of the President to those who have been wounded or killed while serving Please see " Presidential Unit Citation " for other nations' versions of this award The Presidential Unit Citation is awarded to units The Marine Corps Expeditionary Medal is a decoration of the United States Marine Corps which was first created on May 8 1919 The World War I Victory Medal is a decoration of the United States military which was first created in 1919 designed by James Earle Fraser. The China Service Medal was a military medal awarded to US Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard personnel The Yangtze Service Medal is a decoration of the United States military which was created in 1930 for presentation to members of the U The Nicaraguan Campaign Medal is a military decoration of the United States Navy which was authorized by Presidential Order of Woodrow Wilson on September The American Defense Service Medal is a decoration of the United States military which was created in 1941 by Executive Order of President Franklin Roosevelt The American Campaign Medal was a military decoration of the United States armed forces which was first created on November 6, 1942 by The Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal is a service decoration of the Second World War which was awarded to any member of the United States military who The World War II Victory Medal is a decoration of the United States military which was created by an act of Congress in July 1945.
The Chinese army its organization and military efficiency, International Secretariat, Institute of Pacific Relations, 1939. (ASIN B00089LO5S)
Evans F. Carlson on China at War, 1937–1941, China and U. S. Publication. (ASIN B0006F13D2)

Notes

^ Navy Cross Awards during the 2nd Nicaraguan Campaign, Home of Heroes. The Marine Raiders were elite units established by the United States Marine Corps during World War II to conduct amphibious light infantry warfare Major General Merritt Austin Edson (25 April 1897 &ndash 14 August 1955 known as "Red Mike" was a general in the United States Marine Corps.
^ ^a ^b Navy Cross Awards to members of the U.S. Marines in World War II, Home of Heroes

References

Brigadier General Evans Fordyce Carlson, USMCR, Who's Who in Marine Corps History, History Division, United States Marine Corps. (URL accessed May 18, 2006)
Evans F. Carlson, Brigadier General, United States Marine Corps, Arlington National Cemetery profile. Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

External links

Richardson-Moore, . "A Marine Legacy", Furman Magazine. Carol Carlson Loving on her grandfather. (PDF file, from the U. S. Embassy in Beijing China)

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