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The Eurozone (less frequently called the Euro Area or Euroland) refers to a currency union among the European Union member states that have adopted the euro as their sole official currency. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The European Union is a unique entity possessing elements of Intergovernmentalism, Supranationalism and a Multi-party Parliamentary democracy The Treaties of the European Union are a set of international treaties between the Union's member states which sets out the counstitutional basis of the The Maastricht Treaty (formally the Treaty on European Union, TEU) was signed on 7 February 1992 in Maastricht, the Netherlands after final The Treaty of Maastricht, which established the European Union, divided EU policies into three main areas called pillars. The Treaty of Amsterdam amending the Treaty of the European Union the Treaties establishing the European Communities and certain related acts, commonly known as the Amsterdam Treaty The Nice Treaty was signed by European leaders on 26 February, 2001 and came into force on 1 February 2003. The Treaty of Lisbon (also known as the Reform Treaty) is a Treaty designed to streamline the workings of the European Union (EU with amendments to the There are currently five institutions of the European Union which govern the Union The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive branch of the European Union. The President of the European Commission is the head of the European Commission, the executive branch of the European Union. José Manuel Durão Barroso (ʒuˈzɛ mɐnuˈɛɫ duˈɾɐ̃ũ bɐˈʁozu born 23 March 1956 is the 12th President of the European Commission. The Barroso Commission is the European Commission that has been in office since 22 November 2004 and is due to serve until 31 October 2009 The European Parliament ( Europarl or EP) is the only directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU The President of the European Parliament presides over the debates and activities of the European Parliament. Hans-Gert Pöttering (often written as Poettering; born September 15, 1945 in Bersenbrück, Lower Saxony) is a German A Member of the European Parliament ( English abbreviation MEP) is a member of the European Union 's legislative body the European Parliament. The Council of the European Union is the principal decision making institution in the European Union (EU Presidency of the Council of the European Union is the responsibility for the functioning of the Council of the European Union which is rotated between European Union Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija) is a Country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west Dimitrij Rupel (born April 7, 1946) is a Slovenian Politician and the current Foreign minister of that country The High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy (HR is the main co-ordinator of the Common Foreign and Security Policy within the European Union Voting procedures for decisions not requiring unanimity Here is an overview of the formerly used currently used and proposed voting systems employed in the Council of the European The European Council (referred to as a European Summit) is the highest political body of the European Union. There are currently five institutions of the European Union which govern the Union There are currently five institutions of the European Union which govern the Union This article refers to the European Union court not the European Court of Human Rights of the Council of Europe The Court of Justice The European Court of Auditors is the fifth institution of the European Union (EU The European Central Bank (ECB is one of the world's most important Central banks responsible for Monetary policy covering the 15 member countries of the Elections in the European Union take place every five years by universal adult suffrage. Elections to the European Parliament were held from 10 June 2004 to 13 June 2004 in the 25 member states of the European Union, using varying election days according Two member states of the European Union held elections to the European Parliament in 2007. Elections to the European Parliament will be held from 4 June to 7 June 2009 in the 27 member states of the European Union, using varying election In six European Union Member States ( Belgium, France, Ireland, Italy, Poland and the United Kingdom) the national A European political party, formally a political party at European level, informally (especially in academic circles a Europarty, is a type of Political party The European Parliament is unique among supranational assemblies because it organizes itself around ideological rather than national groups Origins of the EU History of the European Union European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC Euratom A Member State of the European Union is any one of the twenty-seven sovereign Nation states that have acceded the European Union (EU since its De facto Enlargement of the European Union is the process of expanding the European Union (EU through the accession of new member states. This article deals with relations between the European Union and third countries The Law of the European Union is the unique legal system which operates alongside the laws of Member States of the European Union (EU In economics a Monetary union is a situation where several countries have agreed to share a single currency amongst themselves There are currently five institutions of the European Union which govern the Union The agencies of the European Union (or decentralised bodies of the European Union) are bodies which are distinct from the European Union's institutions, Information on politics by country is available for every Country, including both De jure and De facto independent In economics a monetary union is a situation where several countries have agreed to share a single currency (also known as a unitary or common currency A Member State of the European Union is any one of the twenty-seven sovereign Nation states that have acceded the European Union (EU since its De facto Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is The Eurosystem, headed by the European Central Bank, is responsible for monetary policy within the Eurozone. The Eurosystem is the monetary authority of the Eurozone, the collective of European Union member states that have adopted the Euro as their sole official The European Central Bank (ECB is one of the world's most important Central banks responsible for Monetary policy covering the 15 member countries of the Monetary policy is the process by which the Government, Central bank, or monetary authority of a country controls (i the Supply of Money,
The Eurozone has fifteen members, with a further nine states and territories using it as their sole currency. It circulates widely beyond that, being a contender to the United States Dollar as the world's reserve currency. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been A reserve currency (or anchor currency) is a Currency which is held in significant quantities by many governments and institutions as part of their Foreign
Taking official estimates of 2007 GDP, the Eurozone is the largest economy in the world. [1][2][3][4]
Contents |
Members
In 1998 eleven EU member-states had met the convergence criteria, and the Eurozone came into existence with the official launch of the euro on 1 January 1999. Convergence criteria (also known as the Maastricht criteria are the criteria for European Union member states to enter the third stage of European Economic and Monetary New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Greece qualified in 2000 and was admitted on 1 January 2001. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Physical coins and banknotes were introduced on 1 January 2002. Linguistic Euro banknotes are the Banknotes of the Euro, the currency of the Eurozone (see European Union) New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Slovenia qualified in 2006 and was admitted on 1 January 2007 with Cyprus and Malta joining on 1 January 2008. Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija) is a Country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía Malta, officially the Republic of Malta (Repubblika ta' Malta is a European Microstate, comprising an Archipelago of three islands New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Currently there are 15 member states with over 320 million people in the Eurozone:
| State | Adopted | Population | Exceptions | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Austria | 1 January 1999 | 8,316,487 | |
.svg/22px-Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg.png){kind=small} |
Belgium | 1 January 1999 | 10,584,534 | |
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Cyprus | 1 January 2008 | 766,400 |  Northern Cyprus[5] |
 |
Finland | 1 January 1999 | 5,289,128 | |
 |
France | 1 January 1999 | 63,392,140 | New Caledonia[6] French Polynesia[6] Wallis and Futuna[6] |
 |
Germany | 1 January 1999 | 82,314,906 | |
 |
Greece | 1 January 2001 | 11,125,179 | |
 |
Ireland | 1 January 1999 | 4,239,848 | |
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Italy | 1 January 1999 | 59,131,287 | |
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Luxembourg | 1 January 1999 | 476,200 | |
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Malta | 1 January 2008 | 404,962 | |
 |
Netherlands | 1 January 1999 | 16,372,715 |  Aruba[7] Netherlands Antilles[8] |
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Portugal | 1 January 1999 | 10,599,095 | |
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Slovenia | 1 January 2007 | 2,013,597 | |
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Spain | 1 January 1999 | 45,116,894 | |
 |
Eurozone | 320,143,372 | ||
Enlargement
The twelve countries of the European Union that do not use the euro are: Denmark, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Slovakia. Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e The European Exchange Rate Mechanism, ERM, was a system introduced by the European Community in March 1979 as part of the European Monetary System (EMS Floating rate may also refer to a Floating interest rate applied to a Loan or other lending product The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million The next enlargement is expected to be Slovakia in 2009.
Denmark and the United Kingdom obtained special derogations in the original Maastricht Treaty of the European Union. Derogation is the partial Revocation of a law as opposed to Abrogation or the total abolition of a law The Maastricht Treaty (formally the Treaty on European Union, TEU) was signed on 7 February 1992 in Maastricht, the Netherlands after final Both countries are not legally required to join the Eurozone unless their governments decide otherwise, either by parliamentary vote or referendum. TalkParliament#Screen-size. -->A parliament is a Legislature, especially in those A referendum (plural referendums or referenda) ballot question, or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita The current Danish government has announced plans to hold a referendum on the issue following the adoption of the Treaty of Lisbon. The Treaty of Lisbon (also known as the Reform Treaty) is a Treaty designed to streamline the workings of the European Union (EU with amendments to the [9][10][11]
Sweden has gained a de facto opt-out in exploiting a legal loophole by not working to meet the criteria to join, and hence not being able to adopt the currency as it is obliged to. This was due to the Swedish public rejecting eurozone membership in a referendum and is tolerated by the Commission, but the Commission has stated it would not be lenient on any future members attempting the same route.
Before a state can join the eurozone, it must spend two years in European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM II). The European Exchange Rate Mechanism, ERM, was a system introduced by the European Community in March 1979 as part of the European Monetary System (EMS As of 1 January 2008, five National Central Banks (NCBs) participate in the mechanism (see table below). New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The remaining currencies are expected to follow as soon as they meet the criteria.
Poland and Romania have the longest time tables, seeing adoption beyond 2013. Other countries are facing inflation problems, which has pushed Estonia's adoption from 2007 back to 2011 (estimated). Other countries are also experiencing economic and spending problems pushing back their original estimates.
Use outside the Union
With formal agreements
Certain states outside the EU have adopted the euro as their currency. For formal adoption, including the right to mint their own coins, a monetary agreement must be concluded. Agreements have been concluded with Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City. For other uses see Monaco (disambiguation Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco ( French: Principauté de Monaco; Monégasque The Most Serene Republic of San Marino (Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino is a country in the Apennine Mountains. Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory All of these states previously used versions of yielded member state currencies. Vatican and San Marino had their currencies pegged to the Italian lira (Vatican and San Marinese lira) and Monaco used the Monegasque franc, which was pegged on a 1:1 basis to the French franc. A fixed exchange rate, sometimes called a pegged exchange rate, is a type of Exchange rate regime wherein a Currency 's value is matched to the value of The lira (plural lire) was the Currency of Italy between 1861 and 2002 The lira (plural lire) was the Currency of the Vatican City between 1929 and 2002 The lira (plural lire) was the currency of San Marino from the 1860s until the introduction of the Euro in 2002 The franc ( ISO 4217: MCF was the official currency of the Principality of Monaco until 2002 ( de facto, 1999 de jure) when it changed to The franc (represented by the franc sign ₣ or more commonly just F) is a former Currency of France. [12][13]
| State/Territory | Adopted | Agreement | Population | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
.svg/22px-Flag_of_Mayotte_(local).svg.png){kind=small} |
Mayotte | 1 January 1999 | 31 December 1998 | 186,452 |
 |
Monaco | 1 January 1999 | 31 December 1998 | 32,671 |
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San Marino | 1 January 1999 | 31 December 1998 | 29,615 |
 |
Saint Pierre and Miquelon | 1 January 1999 | 31 December 1998 | 6,125 |
 |
Vatican City | 1 January 1999 | 31 December 1998 | 800 |
These countries concluded agreements with EU and member states (Italy in the case of San Marino and Vatican City, France in the case of Monaco) allowing them to use and mint a limited amount of euro (with their own national symbols on the obverse side) to be valid throughout the eurozone. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. They do not however print banknotes. A similar agreement is being conducted with Andorra (see below). Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra ( Catalan: Principat d'Andorra) is a small Landlocked country in western [12][13]
Agreements were also concluded for two overseas territories of France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon off the coast of Canada, and Mayotte in the Indian Ocean are outside the EU but have been allowed to use the euro as their currency. The Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Collectivité territoriale de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon is a group of small islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's Oceanic divisions covering about 20% of the water on the Earth 's surface They are, however, not allowed to mint any coins of their own. [14][15]
Since Saint Barthélemy and Saint Martin were broken away on 22 February 2007 from Guadeloupe to be formed into two new French overseas collectivities, they are in legal limbo until ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon. Saint Barthélemy (Saint-Barthélemy officially the Collectivity of Saint Barthélemy (French Collectivité de Saint-Barthélemy) is an Overseas collectivity Saint Martin is a tropical Island in the northeast Caribbean, approximately 300 km (186 miles east of Puerto Rico. Guadeloupe is an island group or Archipelago located in the eastern Caribbean Sea at, with a land area of 1628 square kilometres (629 sq As of 2007 the European Union has 27 member states, most of which participate in all EU policy areas and programs or have signed up to do so The Treaty of Lisbon (also known as the Reform Treaty) is a Treaty designed to streamline the workings of the European Union (EU with amendments to the
Without formal agreements
Andorra does not have an official currency and hence no specific euro coins. Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra ( Catalan: Principat d'Andorra) is a small Landlocked country in western It previously used the French franc and Spanish peseta as de facto legal tender currency. The franc (represented by the franc sign ₣ or more commonly just F) is a former Currency of France. There has never been a monetary arrangement with either Spain or France; however, the EU and Andorra are currently in negotiations regarding the official status of the euro in Andorra. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. According to Andorran officials, Andorra would have minted its own euro coins for the first time in 2006; as of May 2008, this has not yet happened, partially due to stalling over bank secrets in December 2005. [16]
| State/Territory | Adopted | Seeking | Population | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
Akrotiri and Dhekelia | 1 January 2008 | None | 14,500 |
 |
Andorra | 1278 / 1 January 2002 French franc and Spanish peseta dual circulation since sovereignity established / EUR |
Agreement | 82,000 |
 |
Kosovo | 2 September 1999 / 1 January 2002 DM/EUR semi-official; other currencies and YUM also accepted [2] [3] |
Membership | 1,900,000 |
 |
Montenegro | 6 November 1999 / 1 January 2002 DM/EUR official; dual circulation with YUM until 13/11/2000 |
Membership | 684,736 |
Montenegro and Kosovo have also used the euro since its launch, as they previously used the German mark rather than the Serbian dinar. Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE! The dinar (genitive plural dinara, Serbian: динар динара is the currency of Serbia. This was due to political concerns that Serbia would use the currency to destabilise these provinces (Montenegro was then in a union with Serbia) so received western help in adopting and using the Mark. Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country They switched to the euro when the mark was replaced but have no agreement with the ECB, rather the country depends only on those euros already in circulation. [17] Kosovo also still uses the Serbian dinar in areas mainly populated by the Serbian minority. [18] The use of the euro in these provinces has helped stabilise their economies and for this reason the adoption of the euro by small states has been encouraged by Finance Commissioner Joaquín Almunia while ECB President Jean-Claude Trichet has stated the ECB, which does not grant representation to those who unilaterally adopt the euro, does not support or deter those who wish to use the currency. The Commissioner for Economic & Financial Affairs is the member of the European Commission responsible for the European Union 's Financial and monetary affairs often Joaquín Almunia Amann (born 17 June 1948) is a Spanish politician and member of the European Commission responsible for Economic and Monetary Jean-Claude Trichet (born 20 December 1942 is a French Civil servant who is the current president of the European Central Bank since 2003 Some in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) have called for the unilateral adoption of the euro by the state. The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus ( TRNC) (Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti KKTC) commonly called Northern Cyprus (Kuzey Kıbrıs though its [17]
With the adoption of the euro in Cyprus, the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, which had previously used the Cypriot Pound, also adopted the euro. The Sovereign Base Areas are military bases located on territory in which the United Kingdom is sovereign but which are separated from the ordinary British territory The pound, also known as the lira ( Greek: λίρα / plural λίρες and Turkish: lira, from the Latin The base areas are part of the United Kingdom, but are outside of the EU and under military jurisdiction. However their laws, including currency, has been aligned with that of the Republic of Cyprus, leading to the euro's adoption there. [19] North of the UN-administered buffer zone, the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) still uses the Turkish new lira. The United Nations Buffer Zone in Cyprus runs for more than 300 km along the Green Line, which partitions the Republic of Cyprus into a southern area effectively The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus ( TRNC) (Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti KKTC) commonly called Northern Cyprus (Kuzey Kıbrıs though its The new lira (yeni türk lirası is the Currency of Turkey. The de facto independent state of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus also The TRNC is unrecognised by any country aside from Turkey but governs the northern part of the island outside of the EU. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Despite not adopting the euro along with Southern Cyprus, usage of the euro is expected to be high with cross border trade already prompting widespread use of the Cypriot pound and the euro. Use of the euro is seen as a way to boost intra-Cypriot trade and reduce dependence on Turkey. [20] With the use of the euro across the border helping economic integration, the arrival of the euro has been hailed as a major advance in solidifying peace and unification on the island. The Cypriot euro coins, using the Greek and Turkish languages, have been designed to avoid any bias towards any particular area of the island. Cypriot euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. [21]
Iceland's former foreign minister Valgerður Sverrisdóttir has said in an interview on 15 January 2007 that she seriously wishes to look into whether Iceland can join the Euro without being a member of the EU. Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( Valgerður Sverrisdóttir (born March 23, 1950) is an Icelandic politician Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in She believes it is difficult to maintain an independent currency in a small economy on the open European market. The European Economic Area ( EEA) came into being on 1 January 1994 following an agreement between member states of European Free Trade Association (EFTAthe [22] An extensive poll, released on 11 September 2007, by Capacent Gallup showed that 53% of respondents were in favour of adopting the euro, 37% opposed and 10% undecided. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e [23]
As trading currency
In 1998, Cuba announced that it would replace the U.S. dollar with the euro as its official currency for international trading. The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been [24] On 1 December 2002, North Korea did the same. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, (Its internal currency, the won, is not convertible and thus cannot be used to purchase foreign goods. The wŏn ( sign: ₩; code: KPW) is the currency of North Korea. Convertibility is the quality of paper Money substitutes which entitles the holder to redeem them on demand into money proper The euro also enjoys popularity domestically, especially among resident foreigners. ) Syria followed suit in 2006. [25]
Prior to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, President Saddam Hussein announced that he intended to price Iraqi oil in euros, rather than U. The 2003 invasion of Iraq, from March 20 to May 1 2003 was spearheaded by the United States, backed by British forces and smaller contingents from Australia Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti ( Arabic: ar صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي --> April 28 1937 &ndash December 30 S. dollars, since the majority of Iraqi oil trade was with the EU, India and China, not with the United States. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES
Non-EU currencies pegged to the euro
Cape Verde's currency is pegged to the euro having previously been pegged to the Portuguese escudo. Currently there are several currencies pegged to the Euro, some with fluctuation bands around a central rate and others with no fluctuations allowed around the central rate The Republic of Cape Verde ( Portuguese: Cabo Verde, 'kabu 'veɾdɨ is a Republic located on an Archipelago in the Macaronesia The escudo was the Currency of Portugal prior to the introduction of the Euro on 1 January 1999 and was removed from circulation on Bosnia and Herzegovina's currency, the convertible mark, is pegged to the euro, having previously been pegged to the German Mark. Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan The konvertibilna marka ( Bosnian, Croatian and Latin-written Serbian, конвертибилна марка in Cyrillic-written Serbian, "convertible The CFA and Comorian francs, used in former French colonies, and the CFP franc, used in French Pacific Ocean territories, are pegged to the euro, having previously been pegged to the French franc. The CFA franc (in French: franc CFA, "céfa" or just franc colloquially is a currency used in twelve formerly French -ruled The franc ( French: franc comorien; Arabic: فرنك قمري ( ISO 4217 currency code KMF is the official Currency of Comoros The CFP franc (called the franc in everyday use is the Currency used in the French overseas possessions of French Polynesia, New Caledonia
People affected by the euro
| Category | Population | Countries and territories |
|---|---|---|
| Official members | 320 million | Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain |
| Other European countries and territories using the euro | 3 million | Akrotiri and Dhekelia, Andorra, Kosovo, Montenegro, Monaco, San Marino, Vatican City |
| Non-European, non-EU territories using the euro | 207 thousand | Clipperton Island, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Mayotte, Saint Pierre and Miquelon |
| EU countries with currencies pegged to the euro (or at a narrow margin) | 26 million | Bulgaria, Denmark, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia |
| Other European countries with currencies pegged to the euro | 4 million | Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| African countries using the CFA franc | 110 million | Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Republic of the Congo, Sénégal, Togo |
| Pacific Island nations using the CFP franc | 0. The CFA franc (in French: franc CFA, "céfa" or just franc colloquially is a currency used in twelve formerly French -ruled The CFP franc (called the franc in everyday use is the Currency used in the French overseas possessions of French Polynesia, New Caledonia 5 million | French Polynesia, New Caledonia, Wallis and Futuna |
| Other countries and territories with currencies pegged to the euro | 35 million | Cape Verde, Comoros, Morocco |
| Total | 500 million | 44 countries and 5 areas. |
Eurogroup
.jpg/119px-Jean-Claude_Juncker_(2006).jpg)
Finance ministers of EU member states that use the euro meet a day before a meeting of the Economic and Financial Affairs Council (Ecofin) of the Council of the European Union. Jean-Claude Juncker (born December 9, 1954) is a Luxembourgian politician, the leader of the Christian Social People's Party. The Council of the European Union is the principal decision making institution in the European Union (EU Legally speaking this group, colloquially called the "Eurogroup", is not an official formation of the Council of the European Union. The Council of the European Union is the principal decision making institution in the European Union (EU In September 2004, the Eurogroup decided it should have a semi-permanent president that is to be appointed for a period of two years. Prime Minister and Finance Minister of Luxembourg Jean-Claude Juncker was appointed first president of the Eurogroup, mandated from January 1, 2005, until December 31, 2006, and was re-appointed for a second term in September 2006. Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg Grand-Duché de Luxembourg Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small Landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by Jean-Claude Juncker (born December 9, 1954) is a Luxembourgian politician, the leader of the Christian Social People's Party. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [26]
In April 2008, Juncker suggested that the Eurozone should be represented at the International Monetary Fund as a bloc, rather than each member state separately. The International Monetary Fund ( IMF) is an International organization that oversees the Global financial system by following the Macroeconomic [27]
It is absurd for those 15 countries not to agree to have a single representation at the IMF. It makes us look absolutely ridiculous. We are regarded as buffoons on the international scene.
—Jean-Claude Juncker. Jean-Claude Juncker (born December 9, 1954) is a Luxembourgian politician, the leader of the Christian Social People's Party. Brussels, 15 April 2008[27]
However Commissioner Joaquin Almunia stated that before there is common representation, a common political agenda should be agreed. Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common A European Commissioner is a member of the 27-member European Commission. Joaquín Almunia Amann (born 17 June 1948) is a Spanish politician and member of the European Commission responsible for Economic and Monetary [27]
Economy
Comparison of Eurozone with other economies, all figures from 2006. [28]
| Bloc/State | Population (millions) | GDP Main (in € trillions calculated at purchasing power parity) | Share of world GDP (% at PPP) | Exports* (goods and services, as % of GDP) | Imports* (goods and services, as % of GDP) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eurozone | 317 | 8. 4 | 14. 6 | 21. 7 | 20. 9 |
| EU (27) | 494 | 11. 9 | 21. 0 | 14. 3 | 15. 0 |
| United States | 300 | 11. 2 | 19. 7 | 10. 8 | 16. 6 |
| Japan | 128 | 3. 5 | 6. 3 | 16. 8 | 15. 3 |
(*) Excluding intra-EU trade.
Inflation
HICP figures from the ECB;[29]
|
|
Interest rates
Interest rates for the Eurozone, set by the ECB since 1999. Levels are in percentages per annum. Prior to June 2000, the main refinancing operations were fixed rate tenders. This was replaced by variable rate tenders, the figures indicated in the table after that refer to the minimum interest rate at which counterparties may place their bids. [30]
| Date | Deposit facility | Main refinancing operations | Marginal lending facility |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1999-01-01 | 2. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC 00 | 3. 00 | 4. 50 |
| 1999-01-04[31] | 2. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. 75 | 3. 00 | 3. 25 |
| 1999-01-22 | 2. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. 00 | 3. 00 | 4. 50 |
| 1999-04-09 | 1. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) 50 | 2. 50 | 3. 50 |
| 1999-11-05 | 2. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany) 00 | 3. 00 | 4. 00 |
| 2000-02-04 | 2. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons 25 | 3. 25 | 4. 25 |
| 2000-03-17 | 2. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger 50 | 3. 50 | 4. 50 |
| 2000-04-28 | 2. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title 75 | 3. 75 | 4. 75 |
| 2000-06-09 | 3. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits 25 | 4. 25 | 5. 25 |
| 2000-06-28 | 3. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. 25 | 4. 25 | 5. 25 |
| 2000-09-01 | 3. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. 50 | 4. 50 | 5. 50 |
| 2000-10-06 | 3. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus 75 | 4. 75 | 5. 75 |
| 2001-05-11 | 3. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople 50 | 4. 50 | 5. 50 |
| 2001-08-31 | 3. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne 25 | 4. 25 | 5. 25 |
| 2001-09-18 | 2. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated 75 | 3. 75 | 4. 75 |
| 2001-11-09 | 2. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all 25 | 3. 25 | 4. 25 |
| 2002-12-06 | 1. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev 75 | 2. 75 | 3. 75 |
| 2003-03-07 | 1. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus 50 | 2. 50 | 3. 50 |
| 2003-06-06 | 1. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year 00 | 2. 00 | 3. 00 |
| 2005-12-06 | 1. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev 25 | 2. 25 | 3. 25 |
| 2006-12-13 | 2. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life 50 | 3. 50 | 4. 50 |
| 2006-10-11 | 2. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed 25 | 3. 25 | 4. 25 |
| 2006-08-09 | 2. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus 00 | 3. 00 | 4. 00 |
| 2006-06-15 | 1. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history 75 | 2. 75 | 3. 75 |
| 2006-03-08 | 1. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1618 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion. 50 | 2. 50 | 3. 50 |
| 2007-03-14 | 2. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. 75 | 3. 75 | 4. 75 |
| 2007-06-13 | 3. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for 00 | 4. 00 | 5. 00 |
Fiscal policies
The primary means for fiscal coordination within the EU lies in the Broad Economic Policy Guidelines which are written for every member state, but with particular reference to the 15 current members of the Eurozone. These guidelines are not binding, but are intended to represent policy coordination among the EU member states, so as to take into account the linked structures of their economies.
For their mutual assurance and stability of the currency, members of the Eurozone have to respect the Stability and Growth Pact, which sets agreed limits on deficits and national debt, with associated sanctions for deviation. The Stability and Growth Pact (SGP is an agreement by European Union member states related to their conduct of Fiscal policy, to facilitate and maintain Economic The Pact originally set a limit of 3% of GDP for the yearly deficit of all Eurozone member states; with fines for any state which exceeded this amount. In 2005, Portugal, Germany, and France had all exceeded this amount, but the Council of Ministers had not voted to fine those states. Subsequently, reforms were adopted to provide more flexibility and ensure that the deficit criteria took into account the economic conditions of the member states, and additional factors.
The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development downgraded its economic forecasts on March 20, 2008 for the Eurozone for the first half of 2008. Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Europe does not have room to ease fiscal or monetary policy, the 30-nation group warned. For the euro zone, the OECD now forecasts first-quarter GDP growth of just 0. 5 percent, with no improvement in the second quarter, which is expected to show just a 0. 4 percent gain. [4]
See also
- Economy of the European Union
- European Central Bank
- Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union
- Special member state territories and the European Union
Notes and references
- ^ CIA - The World Factbook -- Rank Order - GDP (purchasing power parity). The economy of the European Union combines the economies of 27 member states and is generating an estimated nominal GDP of € 12581 billion ( $ The European Central Bank (ECB is one of the world's most important Central banks responsible for Monetary policy covering the 15 member countries of the In economics a Monetary union is a situation where several countries have agreed to share a single currency amongst themselves As of 2007 the European Union has 27 member states, most of which participate in all EU policy areas and programs or have signed up to do so CIA (20 March, 2008). Retrieved on 2008-04-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus
- ^ Weak dollar costs U.S. economy its No. 1 spot. Reuters (14 March, 2008). Retrieved on 2008-03-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
- ^ Weak Dollar Costs U.S. Economy Its World No. 1 Spot. New York Times (14 March, 2008). Retrieved on 2008-03-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
- ^ U.S. No Longer World's Largest Economy. About. com. Retrieved on 2008-03-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king
- ^ The self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is unrecognised by the EU and formally uses the Turkish new lira, however the euro does circulate widely. The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus ( TRNC) (Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti KKTC) commonly called Northern Cyprus (Kuzey Kıbrıs though its The new lira (yeni türk lirası is the Currency of Turkey. The de facto independent state of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus also
- ^ a b c French Pacific territories use the CFP franc. The CFP franc (called the franc in everyday use is the Currency used in the French overseas possessions of French Polynesia, New Caledonia
- ^ Aruba uses the Aruban florin. The florin is the currency of Aruba. It is subdivided into 100 cents It is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, but not EU. The Netherlands and The Kingdom of the Netherlands are two distinct geographical and administrative entities
- ^ The Netherlands Antilles uses the Antillean guilder. The guilder (gulden is the currency of the Netherlands Antilles. It is part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, but not the EU. The Netherlands and The Kingdom of the Netherlands are two distinct geographical and administrative entities The guilder typically followed the US dollar, but the Netherlands Antilles will split by the end of 2008 resulting in some islands possibly becoming part of the EU. The future currency situation is unclear.
- ^ Newsvine - Denmark to Hold New Referendum on Euro
- ^ FT.com / World - Denmark to hold new referendum on euro
- ^ Denmark to hold second euro referendum - EurActiv.com | EU - European Information on Economy & Euro
- ^ a b Agreements on monetary relations (Monaco, San Marino, the Vatican and Andorra). European Communities (2004-09-30). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Retrieved on 2006-09-12. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the
- ^ a b The euro outside the euro area, Europa (web portal)
- ^ The euro outside the euro area, Europa (web portal)
- ^ [1] Agreements concerning the French territorial communities
- ^ Boldt, Hans H. Europa (sometimes written EUROPA) the official Web portal of the European Union, is intended to improve the public’s interaction with EU institutions Europa (sometimes written EUROPA) the official Web portal of the European Union, is intended to improve the public’s interaction with EU institutions and Sant Julià de Lòria (2006-11-15). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Andorranische Euros nicht zu jedem Preis (German). Andorra-Intern. Retrieved on 2007-01-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon.
- ^ a b Euro used as legal tender in non-EU nations International Herald Tribune (2007-01-01)
- ^ Kosovo - Economic profile, Europa (web portal)
- ^ Theodoulou, Michael (2007-12-27Euro reaches field that is for ever England, Times Online
- ^ Hadjicostis, Menelaos (2007-12-30) In north Cyprus, the Turkish lira is official currency, but euro is embraced, International Herald Tribune
- ^ Smith, Helena (2008-01-02) Arrival of euro boosts Cyprus peace hopes, The Guardian
- ^ Spongenberg, Helena. The International Herald Tribune is a widely read English language international Newspaper Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Europa (sometimes written EUROPA) the official Web portal of the European Union, is intended to improve the public’s interaction with EU institutions Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St The International Herald Tribune is a widely read English language international Newspaper 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. "Slovenia celebrates full entry into euro club", 2007-01-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Retrieved on 2007-01-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate.
- ^ "Euro support in Iceland hits five-year high", Reuters, 2007-09-11. This article is primarily about Reuters prior to its 2008 merger with Thomson Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Retrieved on 2008-01-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire.
- ^ "Cuba to adopt Euro in foreign trade", BBC News, 1998-11-08. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Retrieved on 2008-01-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire.
- ^ "US row leads Syria to snub dollar", BBC News, 2006-02-14. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German Retrieved on 2008-01-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire.
- ^ "Juncker re-elected Eurogroup president, voicing optimism over economic growth", People's Daily, 2006-09-09. The People's Daily ( a daily Newspaper, is the organ of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, published worldwide with a circulation Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Retrieved on 2008-01-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire.
- ^ a b c Vucheva, Elitsa (2008-04-15)Eurozone countries should speak with one voice, Juncker says, EU Observer. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English
- ^ What is EMU?, Europa (web portal)
- ^ European Central Bank (2007-12-14). Europa (sometimes written EUROPA) the official Web portal of the European Union, is intended to improve the public’s interaction with EU institutions The European Central Bank (ECB is one of the world's most important Central banks responsible for Monetary policy covering the 15 member countries of the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people Euro area (changing composition) - HICP - Overall index, Annual rate of change, Eurostat, Neither seasonally or working day adjusted. Retrieved on 2008-01-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire.
- ^ Key ECB interest rates, ECB
- ^ The ECB announced on 1998-12-22 that, between 4-21 January 1999, there would be a narrow corridor of 50 base points interest rates for the marginal lending facility and the deposit facility in order to help the transition to the ECB's interest regime. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies
External links
Dictionary
eurozone
-noun
- Alternative capitalization of Eurozone.
Eurozone
-noun
- (the area of) those European Union member states whose official currency is the euro.
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