Eurocopter Tiger - Citizendia

Tiger / Tigre
Eurocopter Tiger at the Paris Air Show 2007
Type	Attack helicopter
Manufacturer	Eurocopter Group
Maiden flight	April 1991
Introduced	2003
Status	Active service
Primary users	German Army Australian Army French Army Spanish Army
Unit cost	$38-48 million USD

The Eurocopter Tiger is an attack helicopter manufactured by the Eurocopter Group. The Paris Air Show ( Salon International de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace Paris-Le Bourget) is an international trade fair for the aerospace business An attack helicopter, also known as a Helicopter Gunship, is a Military helicopter armed for attacking targets on the ground An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing building testing selling and maintaining Aircraft, Aircraft parts The Eurocopter Group is a European Helicopter manufacturing and support company formed in 1992 from the merger of German Daimler-Benz Aerospace The maiden flight of an Aircraft is the first occasion on which an aircraft leaves the ground of its own accord This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1991: Events January January 16 - Eastern Air Lines is Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The German Army (Deutsches Heer heɐ) is the land component of the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany. The Australian Army is Australia's military land force It is part of the Australian Defence Force (ADF along with the Royal Australian Navy and the The French Army, officially the Armée de Terre (Land Army is the land-based component of the French Armed Forces and its largest The Spanish Army ( Ejército de Tierra in Spanish; literally "Land Army" is one of oldest active armies in the world and a branch of the Spanish The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been An attack helicopter, also known as a Helicopter Gunship, is a Military helicopter armed for attacking targets on the ground The Eurocopter Group is a European Helicopter manufacturing and support company formed in 1992 from the merger of German Daimler-Benz Aerospace In Germany it is known as the Tiger; in France and Spain it is called the Tigre. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. It is also designated the EC 665 or PAH-2.

Development

In 1984 the German and French governments issued a requirement for an advanced multi-role battlefield helicopter. Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. History Since 400 AD Chinese children have played with bamboo flying toys. A joint venture consisting of MBB and Aerospatiale was subsequently chosen as the preferred supplier. Aérospatiale was a French Aerospace manufacturer that primarily built both civilian and military Aircraft and Rockets The company was created in 1970 Due to high costs, the program was cancelled in 1986, but was relaunched during 1987. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Subsequently, in November 1989, Eurocopter received a contract to build 5 prototypes. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Three were to be unarmed testbeds and the other two armed prototypes: one for the German anti-tank variant and the other for the French escort helicopter variant.

The first prototype first flew in April 1991. This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1991: Events January January 16 - Eastern Air Lines is When Aerospatiale and MBB, among others, merged in 1992 to form the Eurocopter Group, the Tiger program was transferred as well. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Serial production of the Tiger began in March 2002 and the first flight of the first production Tiger HAP for the French Army took place in March 2003. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The delivery of the first of the eighty helicopters ordered by the French took place in September 2003. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar.

At the end of 2003 deliveries began of the 80 UHT version combat support helicopters ordered by Germany to the Federal Office of Defense Technology and Procurement.

Export orders

In December 2001 Eurocopter was awarded the contract for the Australian Army’s "Air 87 Requirement", which was for 22 helicopters of the Tiger ARH (Armed Reconnaissance Helicopter) version. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. The first Tiger ARH was scheduled to enter service in 2004. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " 18 of the 22 aircraft will be assembled at the Brisbane facility of Australian Aerospace, the local Eurocopter subsidiary in Australia.

In September 2003, Spain selected a variant of the Tiger HAP combat support helicopter - the Tiger HAD - for its army. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The 24 helicopters of this type that have been ordered will be armed with the Trigat and Mistral missile systems. PARS 3 LR in German service also known as TRIGAT-LR (Third Generation AntiTank Long Range and AC 3G in French, is a currently (2007 in development Mistral is an Infrared homing Surface-to-air missile manufactured by the European multinational company MBDA missile systems (formerly by They will also have an uprated Enhanced MTR390 engine and a heavier payload. Deliveries are scheduled for 2007 - 2008 [1]. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common France opted to upgrade most of its HAP Helicopter to HAD; so the HAC-Variant will never be built.

In June 2006, the Rafael Spike-ER was selected by the Spanish Army to be the ATGM of the Spanish HAD, instead of the previously announced Trigat missile system. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd (formerly RAFAEL Armament Development Authority) known as RAFAEL or Rafael, (also spelled as Raphael or Spike is a third generation Anti-tank guided missile developed by the Israeli company Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd PARS 3 LR in German service also known as TRIGAT-LR (Third Generation AntiTank Long Range and AC 3G in French, is a currently (2007 in development

In July, 2006, the Saudi Government signed a contract to purchase a total of 142 helicopters, including 12 Tiger attack helicopters. ^[1]

Flight demonstaration of a Tiger UHT at WTD 61/Manching, Germany

Design

Protection

The EC Tiger is capable of stopping 23mm^[2] autocannon fire. For the airport see Ingolstadt Manching Airport Manching is a municipality in the district of Pfaffenhofen, in Bavaria Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.

The body of the Tiger is made from:

80% carbon fiber reinforced polymer and kevlar
11% aluminium
6% titanium

The rotors are made from fiber-plastic able to withstand combat damage and bird strikes. Protection against lightning and EMP is ensured by embedded copper/bronze grid and copper bonding foil. In the helicopter is installed AN/AAR-60 MILDS System ensuring radar warning, laser warning, missile launch/approach detector developed by EADS DE, all connected with central processing unit from Thales and SAPHIR-M chaff / flare dispenser from MBDA.

Its visual, radar, infrared, sound signatures have been minimized.

Navigation

The navigation system contains two Thales Avionique three-axis ring laser gyro units, two magnetometers, two air data computers, BAE Systems Canada CMA 2012 four-beam Doppler radar, radio altimeter, global positioning system and a suite of low air speed sensors and sensors for terrain following.

Communication

Datalinks: Link 4A, Thales Proprietary PR4G, STANAG 5066

Radios: HF, MF, VHF, UHF, military SATCOM, GPS receiver and datalink.

Loadouts

Loadout	Outer holder	Inner holder	Inner holder	Outer holder
ATA	2x Mistral/Stinger	2x Mistral/Stinger	2x Mistral/Stinger	2x Mistral/Stinger
ATA LR	2x Mistral/Stinger	1x 350 litre drop tank	1x 350 litre drop tank	2x Mistral/Stinger
PGM-M	4x PARS 3 LR ATGM	4x PARS 3 LR ATGM	4x PARS 3 LR ATGM	4x PARS 3 LR ATGM
PGM-M	1x 22 SNEB 68mm Rocket/19 Hydra 70 mm Rocket	4x PARS 3 LR ATGM	4x PARS 3 LR ATGM	1x 22 SNEB 68mm Rocket/19 Hydra 70 mm Rocket
PGM-M	4x Euromissile HOT III	4x Euromissile HOT III	4x Euromissile HOT III	4x Euromissile HOT III
PGM-M	1x 22 SNEB 68mm Rocket/19 Hydra 70 mm Rocket	4x Euromissile HOT III	4x Euromissile HOT III	1x 22 SNEB 68mm Rocket/19 Hydra 70 mm Rocket
PGM-M	2x Mistral/Stinger	4x PARS 3 LR ATGM/HOT III	4x PARS 3 LR ATGM/HOT III	2x Mistral/Stinger
PGM-M LR	4x PARS 3 LR ATGM/HOT III	1x 350 litre drop tank	1x 350 litre drop tank	4x PARS 3 LR ATGM/HOT III
UG-R	1x 22 SNEB 68mm Rocket/19 Hydra 70 mm Rocket	1x 22 SNEB 68mm Rocket/19 Hydra 70 mm Rocket	1x 22 SNEB 68mm Rocket/19 Hydra 70 mm Rocket	1x 22 SNEB 68mm Rocket/19 Hydra 70 mm Rocket

Only most common loadouts presented.

Cost

The system cost (helicopter, armament, support) depends on number and version:

Tiger HAP $35-39 million USD
Tiger ARH $36 million USD
Tiger HAD $44-48 million USD
Tiger UHT $38-43 million USD
(Comparison Apache Longbow $48-52 million USD)

Helmet-Mounted Sight Display

French helicopters are equipped with TopOwl helmet-mounted sight for both pilot/co-pilot and one HUD for the pilot from Thales Avionique. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
German crew is equipped with HMSD from BAE systems.
Australian Tigers crew use the TopOwl HMSD from Thales Avionics.

Variants

It should be noted that, while the Tiger has a conventional helicopter gunship configuration of the two crew sitting in tandem, it is somewhat unusual in that the pilot is in the front seat and the gunner is in the back, unlike all other current attack helicopters. As a consequence, the seats are offset to opposite sides of the centerline to improve the view forward for the gunner in the back.

Tiger HAP

The Tiger HAP/HCP (Helicoptere d'Appui Protection / Helicopter for Close Protection) is a medium-weight air-to-air combat and fire support helicopter built for the French Army.

It is fitted with a chin-mounted 30 mm gun turret and 66 mm SNEB unguided rockets for the fire support role as well as Mistral air-to-air missiles. The SNEB rocket ( French: Societe Nouvelle des Etablissements Edgar Brandt) is an unguided air-to-ground 68 mm Rocket projectile (RP manufactured Mistral is an Infrared homing Surface-to-air missile manufactured by the European multinational company MBDA missile systems (formerly by

UH Tiger

Tiger UHT of the German Army

German Tiger UHT during a looping demonstration at ILA 2006

The UHT (from Unterstützungshubschrauber Tiger; Ger. supporting helicopter Tiger) is a medium-weight multi-role fire support helicopter built for the Bundeswehr (German Army). The German Army (Deutsches Heer heɐ) is the land component of the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany. International Aerospace Exhibition ILA Held bi-annually on the southern section of Berlin - Schönefeld Airport, The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. The Bundeswehr ( German for "Federal Defence Force") is the name of the unified Armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany The German Army (Deutsches Heer heɐ) is the land component of the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany.

The UHT can carry PARS 3 LR "fire and forget" and/or HOT3 anti-tank missiles as well as 70 mm Hydra air-to-ground fire support rockets. PARS 3 LR in German service also known as TRIGAT-LR (Third Generation AntiTank Long Range and AC 3G in French, is a currently (2007 in development HOT ( H aut subsonique O ptiquement T éléguidé = High Subsonic Optical Guided is an Anti-tank missile system developed by Euromissile The Hydra 70 rocket is a weapon derived from the 275 inch (70 mm "Folding-Fin Aerial Rocket" ( Mk 4/Mk 40 Folding-Fin Aerial Rocket) developed by the U Four AIM-92 Stinger missiles (2 on each side) are mounted for air-to-air combat. The AIM-92 Stinger or ATAS ( A ir T o A ir S tinger or ATAL is an Air-to-air missile developed from the shoulder-launched Unlike the HAP/HCP version it has no integrated gun turret, but a 12. 7 mm gunpod can be fitted if needed. The German Army decided against the French 30 mm GIAT cannon that is used on other Tiger versions because of the recoil. This article is about backward Momentum produced in firearms when fired The upgrade of the UHT with the Rheinmetall RMK30, a 30 mm recoilless autocannon, is not yet clarified due to the budget. RMK30 (Rückstoßfreie MaschinenKanone (Kaliber 30 recoilless machine gun is a recoilless 30 mm caliber Autocannon firing caseless 30 x 250 mm ammunition
Another noticeable difference with the HAP version is the use of a mast-mounted sight, which has a second-generation infrared channel and a TV channel.

Countermeasures include radar/laser/missile launch/missile approach warning receivers and decoy launchers.

Tiger ARH

The Tiger ARH (Armed Reconnaissance Helicopter) is the version ordered by the Australian Army to replace its OH-58 Kiowas and UH-1 Iroquois-based 'Bushranger' gunships. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout For an overview of the whole Huey family of aircraft see Bell Huey WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. ^[3] The Tiger ARH is a modified and upgraded version of the Tiger HAP with upgraded MTR390 engines as well as a laser designator incorporated in the Strix sight for the firing of Hellfire II air-to-ground missiles. A laser designator is a Laser light source which is used to illuminate a target The AGM-114 Hellfire is a multi-platform multi-target United States modular Missile system Instead of SNEB unguided rockets, the ARH will operate 70 mm (2. The SNEB rocket ( French: Societe Nouvelle des Etablissements Edgar Brandt) is an unguided air-to-ground 68 mm Rocket projectile (RP manufactured 75 in. ) rockets from Belgian developer, Forges de Zeebruges (FZ).

Tiger HAD

The Tiger HAD (Hélicoptère d'Appui Destruction ^[4]/ Support Destruction Helicopter) version is essentially identical to the HAP version, but with 14% more engine power available due to the upgraded Enhanced MTR390 engines (1464shp) and a better ballistic protection. It can also be equipped with the Trigat anti-tank missiles that were originally developed for the German UHT version. PARS 3 LR in German service also known as TRIGAT-LR (Third Generation AntiTank Long Range and AC 3G in French, is a currently (2007 in development

The helicopter is suited for a support and fire suppression role and has been selected by the Spanish Army. The French Army Light Aviation (ALAT) decided to upgrade most of their HAP helicopters to the HAD-Variant and thus the former HAC Variant (i. The French Army Light Aviation (Aviation Légère de l’Armée de Terre ALAT is a the aviation service of the French Army. e. Hélicoptère Anti-Char or Helicopter Anti-Tank) was cancelled.

By June 2006, 28 production Tigers were flying, including 18 aircraft delivered to their customers of 4 countries. These 28 aircraft had logged about 4000 flight hours together.

Operators

Australia

22 aircraft of the ARH version. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.

France

80 aircraft - 40 HAP and 40 HAD (HAD variant to be delivered until 2012)

Germany

80 aircraft - all of the UHT version

Spain

24 HAD versions ordered by the Spanish Army and expected to be operational in 2008. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Spanish Army ( Ejército de Tierra in Spanish; literally "Land Army" is one of oldest active armies in the world and a branch of the Spanish ^[5]

Saudi Arabia

Expected to buy 12 aircraft - similar to HAD version^[6]

Specifications (Eurocopter Tiger)

General characteristics

Crew: 2 (pilot, weapon systems officer)
Length: 14. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi 08 m fuselage (46 ft 2 in)
Rotor diameter: 13. 00 m (42 ft 8 in)
Height: 3. 83 m (12 ft 7 in)
Disc area: 133 m² (1,430 ft²)
Empty weight: 3,060 kg (6,750 lb)
Max takeoff weight: 6,000 kg (13,000 lb)
Internal fuel capacity: 1,080 kg (2,380 lb)
Powerplant: 2× Rolls-Royce/Turboméca/MTU MTR390 turboshafts, 873 kW (1,170 shp) each

Performance

Maximum speed: 290 km/h with mast, 315 km/h without mast (157 knots, 181 mph with mast, 170 knots or 196 mph without mast)
Range: 800 km (430 nm, 500 mi) combat
Ferry range: 1,300 km (700 nm, 800 mi)
Service ceiling 4,000 m (13,000 ft)
Rate of climb: 10. The Maximum Takeoff Weight or Maximum Takeoff Mass of an Aircraft is the maximum weight at which the pilot of the aircraft is allowed to attempt to take off Rolls-Royce plc ( is a British Aircraft engine maker and the second-largest in the world behind GE Aviation. Turbomeca is a French manufacturer of low- and medium-power Gas turbine Turboshaft engines for Helicopters The company also produces MTU Aero Engines is Germany 's leading Aircraft engine manufacturer The MTR390 is a Turboshaft developed for light helicopter applications by MTU Turbomeca Rolls-Royce (MTR A turboshaft engine is a form of Gas turbine which is optimized to produce Shaft power, rather than Jet thrust. In Aviation, V-speeds or Velocity-speeds are standard terms used to define Airspeeds important or useful to the operation of Aircraft, such The maximal total range is the distance an Aircraft can fly between Takeoff and Landing, as limited by fuel capacity in powered aircraft or cross-country For Aircraft, ferry range means the maximum range the aircraft can fly In Aeronautics, a ceiling is the maximum Density altitude an aircraft can reach under a set of conditions In Aerodynamics, the rate of climb RoC is the speed at which an Aircraft increases its Altitude. 7 m/s (2,105 ft/min)

Armament

Guns:
- 1× 30 mm (1. 18 in) GIAT 30 cannon in chin turret (HAP, HAD, ARH) or
- 1× 12. The GIAT 30 is a series of 30 mm cannon developed to replace the DEFA 550 series weapons on French Military aircraft. 7 mm (0. 50 in) or 20 mm (0. 787 in) gun in pod (UHT)
Rockets: Pods of
- 19× 70 mm (2. 76 in) SNEB (HAD), or
- 19× 70 mm Hydra (UHT, ARH), or
- 22× 68 mm (2. The SNEB rocket ( French: Societe Nouvelle des Etablissements Edgar Brandt) is an unguided air-to-ground 68 mm Rocket projectile (RP manufactured The Hydra 70 rocket is a weapon derived from the 275 inch (70 mm "Folding-Fin Aerial Rocket" ( Mk 4/Mk 40 Folding-Fin Aerial Rocket) developed by the U 68 in) SNEB (HAP), or
- 7× 70 mm SNEB or unguided rockets (HAD)
Missiles:
- 8× PARS 3 LR and/or HOT3 (UHT) or
- 8× Rafael Spike-ER (Spanish HAD) or
- 8× AGM-114 Hellfire anti-tank missiles (ARH, French HAD)
- 4× AIM-92 Stinger air-to-air missiles (UHT, ARH) or
- 4× Mistral air-to-air missiles (HAP, HAD)

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