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The common sides of the coins
The common sides of the coins

The coins of the euro have a common side, and a national side. The latter is designed by the respective national ESCB printer. The European System of Central Banks ( ESCB) is composed of the European Central Bank (ECB and the national Central banks (NCBs of all 27 European In addition, three European microstates with currency agreements (Monaco, San Marino and the Vatican City State) issue their own coins. The European microstates or ministates are a handful of very small sovereign States on the European Continent and the surrounding islands For other uses see Monaco (disambiguation Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco ( French: Principauté de Monaco; Monégasque The Most Serene Republic of San Marino (Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino is a country in the Apennine Mountains. Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory

One euro is divided into 100 cents (often written as decimals of one euro, e. In many national currencies, the cent is a monetary unit that equals 1/100 of the basic monetary unit Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e g. €0. 10) and there are eight different denominations of euro coins.

Contents

Current series

Common side National side Value Diameter,
millimetres		 Thickness,
millimetres		 Mass,
gram		 Composition Edge Design, common side first minting
€0.01 16. Austrian euro coins have a unique design for each denomination with a common theme for each of the three series of coins Belgian euro coins feature only a single design for all eight coins the portrait or Effigy of King Albert II of the Belgians and his royal Monogram. Cypriot euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins Finnish euro coins feature three separate designs Heikki Häiväoja provided the design for the 1 cent – 50 cent coins Pertti Mäkinen provided the design for French euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins German euro coins have three separate designs for the three series of coins Greek euro coins feature a unique design for each of the eight coins Irish euro coins all share the same design by Jarlath Hayes that of the Harp, a traditional symbol for Ireland since the Middle Ages, based on that of the Brian Italian euro coins have a design unique to each denomination though there is a common theme of famous Italian works of art from one of Italy 's renowned artists Luxembourgian euro coins feature three different designs though they all contain the portrait or Effigy of Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg. Maltese euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins Monegasque euro coins feature two separate designs for the first two series of coins and also two separate designs for the €1 and €2 coins for the first series Dutch euro coins have two designs by Bruno Ninaber van Eyben, both of which feature a portrait or Effigy of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands. Portuguese euro coins show three different designs for each of the three series of coins Sammarinese euro coins feature separate designs for every coin Slovenian euro coins were first issued for circulation on 1 January 2007 and feature a unique design for each coin Spanish euro coins feature three different designs for each of the three series of Coins The minor series of 1 2 and 5 cent coins were designed by Garcilaso Rollán the middle Vatican euro coins are issued by the Philatelic and Numismatic Office of the Vatican City State and minted by Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato (IPZS in Rome Italy 1 cent euro coin (€001 is the smallest and lowest domination of the Euro coins. 25 1. 67 2. 30 Copper plated steel
94. Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 35% steel
5. 65% copper		 Image:EUR 0.01 edge (2002 issue).gif View of the Earth with Europe, Africa, and the Middle East 2002
Plain edged
€0.02 18. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Austrian euro coins have a unique design for each denomination with a common theme for each of the three series of coins Belgian euro coins feature only a single design for all eight coins the portrait or Effigy of King Albert II of the Belgians and his royal Monogram. Cypriot euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins Finnish euro coins feature three separate designs Heikki Häiväoja provided the design for the 1 cent – 50 cent coins Pertti Mäkinen provided the design for French euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins German euro coins have three separate designs for the three series of coins Greek euro coins feature a unique design for each of the eight coins Irish euro coins all share the same design by Jarlath Hayes that of the Harp, a traditional symbol for Ireland since the Middle Ages, based on that of the Brian Italian euro coins have a design unique to each denomination though there is a common theme of famous Italian works of art from one of Italy 's renowned artists Luxembourgian euro coins feature three different designs though they all contain the portrait or Effigy of Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg. Maltese euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins Monegasque euro coins feature two separate designs for the first two series of coins and also two separate designs for the €1 and €2 coins for the first series Dutch euro coins have two designs by Bruno Ninaber van Eyben, both of which feature a portrait or Effigy of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands. Portuguese euro coins show three different designs for each of the three series of coins Sammarinese euro coins feature separate designs for every coin Slovenian euro coins were first issued for circulation on 1 January 2007 and feature a unique design for each coin Spanish euro coins feature three different designs for each of the three series of Coins The minor series of 1 2 and 5 cent coins were designed by Garcilaso Rollán the middle Vatican euro coins are issued by the Philatelic and Numismatic Office of the Vatican City State and minted by Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato (IPZS in Rome Italy 2 cent euro coin (€002 is the second lowest domination of the Euro coins. 75 1. 67 3. 06 Image:EUR 0.02 edge (2002 issue).gif
Has a groove around the edge
€0.05 21. Austrian euro coins have a unique design for each denomination with a common theme for each of the three series of coins Belgian euro coins feature only a single design for all eight coins the portrait or Effigy of King Albert II of the Belgians and his royal Monogram. Cypriot euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins Finnish euro coins feature three separate designs Heikki Häiväoja provided the design for the 1 cent – 50 cent coins Pertti Mäkinen provided the design for French euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins German euro coins have three separate designs for the three series of coins Greek euro coins feature a unique design for each of the eight coins Irish euro coins all share the same design by Jarlath Hayes that of the Harp, a traditional symbol for Ireland since the Middle Ages, based on that of the Brian Italian euro coins have a design unique to each denomination though there is a common theme of famous Italian works of art from one of Italy 's renowned artists Luxembourgian euro coins feature three different designs though they all contain the portrait or Effigy of Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg. Maltese euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins Monegasque euro coins feature two separate designs for the first two series of coins and also two separate designs for the €1 and €2 coins for the first series Dutch euro coins have two designs by Bruno Ninaber van Eyben, both of which feature a portrait or Effigy of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands. Portuguese euro coins show three different designs for each of the three series of coins Sammarinese euro coins feature separate designs for every coin Slovenian euro coins were first issued for circulation on 1 January 2007 and feature a unique design for each coin Spanish euro coins feature three different designs for each of the three series of Coins The minor series of 1 2 and 5 cent coins were designed by Garcilaso Rollán the middle Vatican euro coins are issued by the Philatelic and Numismatic Office of the Vatican City State and minted by Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato (IPZS in Rome Italy 5 cent euro coin (€005 is the third lowest domination of the Euro coins. 25 1. 67 3. 92 Image:EUR 0.05 edge (2002 issue).gif
Plain edged
€0.10 19. Austrian euro coins have a unique design for each denomination with a common theme for each of the three series of coins Belgian euro coins feature only a single design for all eight coins the portrait or Effigy of King Albert II of the Belgians and his royal Monogram. Cypriot euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins Finnish euro coins feature three separate designs Heikki Häiväoja provided the design for the 1 cent – 50 cent coins Pertti Mäkinen provided the design for French euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins German euro coins have three separate designs for the three series of coins Greek euro coins feature a unique design for each of the eight coins Irish euro coins all share the same design by Jarlath Hayes that of the Harp, a traditional symbol for Ireland since the Middle Ages, based on that of the Brian Italian euro coins have a design unique to each denomination though there is a common theme of famous Italian works of art from one of Italy 's renowned artists Luxembourgian euro coins feature three different designs though they all contain the portrait or Effigy of Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg. Maltese euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins Monegasque euro coins feature two separate designs for the first two series of coins and also two separate designs for the €1 and €2 coins for the first series Dutch euro coins have two designs by Bruno Ninaber van Eyben, both of which feature a portrait or Effigy of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands. Portuguese euro coins show three different designs for each of the three series of coins Sammarinese euro coins feature separate designs for every coin Slovenian euro coins were first issued for circulation on 1 January 2007 and feature a unique design for each coin Spanish euro coins feature three different designs for each of the three series of Coins The minor series of 1 2 and 5 cent coins were designed by Garcilaso Rollán the middle Vatican euro coins are issued by the Philatelic and Numismatic Office of the Vatican City State and minted by Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato (IPZS in Rome Italy 75 1. 93 4. 10 Nordic gold
89% copper
5% aluminium
5% zinc
1% tin		 Image:EUR 0.10 edge (2007 issue).gif Europe on the left 2007
Has fine scallops at the edge
€0.20 22. Nordic gold is the Alloy from which the middle three denominations of Euro coins, 50 cent 20 cent and 10 cent Coins are made Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 WikipediaNaming Zinc (ˈzɪŋk from Zink is a Metallic Chemical element with the symbol Zn and Atomic number 30 Tin is a Chemical element with the symbol Sn (stannum and Atomic number 50 Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Austrian euro coins have a unique design for each denomination with a common theme for each of the three series of coins Belgian euro coins feature only a single design for all eight coins the portrait or Effigy of King Albert II of the Belgians and his royal Monogram. Cypriot euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins Finnish euro coins feature three separate designs Heikki Häiväoja provided the design for the 1 cent – 50 cent coins Pertti Mäkinen provided the design for French euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins German euro coins have three separate designs for the three series of coins Greek euro coins feature a unique design for each of the eight coins Irish euro coins all share the same design by Jarlath Hayes that of the Harp, a traditional symbol for Ireland since the Middle Ages, based on that of the Brian Italian euro coins have a design unique to each denomination though there is a common theme of famous Italian works of art from one of Italy 's renowned artists Luxembourgian euro coins feature three different designs though they all contain the portrait or Effigy of Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg. Maltese euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins Monegasque euro coins feature two separate designs for the first two series of coins and also two separate designs for the €1 and €2 coins for the first series Dutch euro coins have two designs by Bruno Ninaber van Eyben, both of which feature a portrait or Effigy of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands. Portuguese euro coins show three different designs for each of the three series of coins Sammarinese euro coins feature separate designs for every coin Slovenian euro coins were first issued for circulation on 1 January 2007 and feature a unique design for each coin Spanish euro coins feature three different designs for each of the three series of Coins The minor series of 1 2 and 5 cent coins were designed by Garcilaso Rollán the middle Vatican euro coins are issued by the Philatelic and Numismatic Office of the Vatican City State and minted by Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato (IPZS in Rome Italy 20 cent Euro coins (€020 are made of copper Alloy ( Nordic gold) 25 2. 14 5. 74 Image:EUR 0.20 edge (2007 issue).gif
Seven indents at the edge ("Spanish flower")
€0.50 24. The Spanish flower is a type of Coin edging Spanish flower consists of a smooth edged separated into equal sections by seven indents Austrian euro coins have a unique design for each denomination with a common theme for each of the three series of coins Belgian euro coins feature only a single design for all eight coins the portrait or Effigy of King Albert II of the Belgians and his royal Monogram. Cypriot euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins Finnish euro coins feature three separate designs Heikki Häiväoja provided the design for the 1 cent – 50 cent coins Pertti Mäkinen provided the design for French euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins German euro coins have three separate designs for the three series of coins Greek euro coins feature a unique design for each of the eight coins Irish euro coins all share the same design by Jarlath Hayes that of the Harp, a traditional symbol for Ireland since the Middle Ages, based on that of the Brian Italian euro coins have a design unique to each denomination though there is a common theme of famous Italian works of art from one of Italy 's renowned artists Luxembourgian euro coins feature three different designs though they all contain the portrait or Effigy of Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg. Maltese euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins Monegasque euro coins feature two separate designs for the first two series of coins and also two separate designs for the €1 and €2 coins for the first series Dutch euro coins have two designs by Bruno Ninaber van Eyben, both of which feature a portrait or Effigy of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands. Portuguese euro coins show three different designs for each of the three series of coins Sammarinese euro coins feature separate designs for every coin Slovenian euro coins were first issued for circulation on 1 January 2007 and feature a unique design for each coin Spanish euro coins feature three different designs for each of the three series of Coins The minor series of 1 2 and 5 cent coins were designed by Garcilaso Rollán the middle Vatican euro coins are issued by the Philatelic and Numismatic Office of the Vatican City State and minted by Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato (IPZS in Rome Italy 50 cent Euro coins (€050 are made of copper Alloy ( Nordic gold) 25 2. 38 7. 80 Image:EUR 0.50 edge (2007 issue).gif
Has fine scallops at the edge
€1 23. Austrian euro coins have a unique design for each denomination with a common theme for each of the three series of coins Belgian euro coins feature only a single design for all eight coins the portrait or Effigy of King Albert II of the Belgians and his royal Monogram. Cypriot euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins Finnish euro coins feature three separate designs Heikki Häiväoja provided the design for the 1 cent – 50 cent coins Pertti Mäkinen provided the design for French euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins German euro coins have three separate designs for the three series of coins Greek euro coins feature a unique design for each of the eight coins Irish euro coins all share the same design by Jarlath Hayes that of the Harp, a traditional symbol for Ireland since the Middle Ages, based on that of the Brian Italian euro coins have a design unique to each denomination though there is a common theme of famous Italian works of art from one of Italy 's renowned artists Luxembourgian euro coins feature three different designs though they all contain the portrait or Effigy of Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg. Maltese euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins Monegasque euro coins feature two separate designs for the first two series of coins and also two separate designs for the €1 and €2 coins for the first series Dutch euro coins have two designs by Bruno Ninaber van Eyben, both of which feature a portrait or Effigy of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands. Portuguese euro coins show three different designs for each of the three series of coins Sammarinese euro coins feature separate designs for every coin Slovenian euro coins were first issued for circulation on 1 January 2007 and feature a unique design for each coin Spanish euro coins feature three different designs for each of the three series of Coins The minor series of 1 2 and 5 cent coins were designed by Garcilaso Rollán the middle Vatican euro coins are issued by the Philatelic and Numismatic Office of the Vatican City State and minted by Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato (IPZS in Rome Italy 1 Euro coins (€1 or 1€ are made of two Alloys the inner part of Cupronickel, the outer part of nickel Brass. 25 2. 33 7. 50
Core: 3. 71		 €1 ring/€2 centre: Nickel brass
75% copper
20% zinc
5% nickel

€2 ring/€1 centre: Cupronickel
75% copper
25% nickel clad on nickel core		 Image:EUR 1 edge (2007 issue).gif Europe on the right
Interrupted mills (three sections milled, three sections plain) at the edge
€2 25. Brass is any Alloy of Copper and Zinc; the proportions of zinc and copper can be varied to create a range of brasses with varying properties Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 Zinc (ˈzɪŋk from Zink is a Metallic Chemical element with the symbol Zn and Atomic number 30 Nickel (ˈnɪkəl is a metallic Chemical element with the symbol Ni and Atomic number 28 Cupronickel or Coppernickel is an Alloy of Copper, Nickel and strengthening impurities such as Iron and Manganese. Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 Nickel (ˈnɪkəl is a metallic Chemical element with the symbol Ni and Atomic number 28 Austrian euro coins have a unique design for each denomination with a common theme for each of the three series of coins Belgian euro coins feature only a single design for all eight coins the portrait or Effigy of King Albert II of the Belgians and his royal Monogram. Cypriot euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins Finnish euro coins feature three separate designs Heikki Häiväoja provided the design for the 1 cent – 50 cent coins Pertti Mäkinen provided the design for French euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins German euro coins have three separate designs for the three series of coins Greek euro coins feature a unique design for each of the eight coins Irish euro coins all share the same design by Jarlath Hayes that of the Harp, a traditional symbol for Ireland since the Middle Ages, based on that of the Brian Italian euro coins have a design unique to each denomination though there is a common theme of famous Italian works of art from one of Italy 's renowned artists Luxembourgian euro coins feature three different designs though they all contain the portrait or Effigy of Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg. Maltese euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins Monegasque euro coins feature two separate designs for the first two series of coins and also two separate designs for the €1 and €2 coins for the first series Dutch euro coins have two designs by Bruno Ninaber van Eyben, both of which feature a portrait or Effigy of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands. Portuguese euro coins show three different designs for each of the three series of coins Sammarinese euro coins feature separate designs for every coin Slovenian euro coins were first issued for circulation on 1 January 2007 and feature a unique design for each coin Spanish euro coins feature three different designs for each of the three series of Coins The minor series of 1 2 and 5 cent coins were designed by Garcilaso Rollán the middle Vatican euro coins are issued by the Philatelic and Numismatic Office of the Vatican City State and minted by Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato (IPZS in Rome Italy See also €2 commemorative coins 2 Euro coins (€2 are made of an inner Coin and an outer ring 75 2. 20 8. 50
Core: 4. 10		 Image:EUR 2 edge (2007 issue).gif
Embossed letters (different for each country), embedded in mills, all around the edge
These images are to scale at 2. 5 pixels per millimetre, a Wikipedia standard for world coins. For table standards, see the coin specification table.
Sources: Copper Development Association UK. The Euro - Born out of Copper. Retrieved on 2007-05-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the
Sources: European Central Bank. The European Central Bank (ECB is one of the world's most important Central banks responsible for Monetary policy covering the 15 member countries of the ECB:Common sides. Retrieved on 2007-11-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of

Common side

All coins have a common reverse side showing how much the coin is worth, with a design by Belgian designer Luc Luycx. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Luc Luycx (born April 11, 1958 in Aalst, Belgium) is the designer of the common side of the Euro coins. The design of the 1-, 2-, and 5-cent coins symbolises Western Europe's place in the world as a whole.

2 euro problem

The coins were minted in several of the participating countries, many using blanks produced at Birmingham Mint, Birmingham, England. The Birmingham Mint, a coining mint, originally known as Heaton's Mint or Ralph Heaton & Sons, in Birmingham, England started producing Birmingham ( ˈbɜːmɪŋəm Ber -ming-um England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland A problem has arisen in differentiation of coins made using similar blanks and minting techniques. The Turkish 1 Lira coin resembles very much the 2 euro coin in both weight and size, and both coins seem to be recognised and accepted by slot machines as being a 2 euro coin, which is roughly worth 4 times more. The new lira (yeni türk lirası is the Currency of Turkey. The de facto independent state of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus also However there are now vending machines which have been upgraded to refuse the 1 lira coin. Similarly the 10 Thai baht coin which is of similar shape and size to a 2 euro coin but worth around 10 times less has recently been appearing in the coin boxes of vending machines throughout Europe[1] and being given back as change in some smaller establishments.

Another coin to create confusion is the US penny which is commonly mistaken for a 2 cent coin, and is frequently returned as change in many Irish shops, particularly at airports. The United States one-cent coin is a unit of Currency equaling one one-hundredth of a United States dollar.

Current design

In 2007, a new design was introduced to reflect the enlargement in 2004. The design still retains all elements of the original designs, including the twelve stars, however the map of the fifteen states is replaced by one showing the whole of Europe 'as a continent' without borders. The vertical ridges only appear over the 'sea'.

Cyprus is shown several kilometres north west of its real position in order to include it on the map. The original proposal from the European Commission was to include Turkey on the map, however this design was rejected by Council. The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive branch of the European Union. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches The Council of the European Union is the principal decision making institution in the European Union (EU This was seen as a political snub by the Council to Turkey's EU membership ambitions. Turkey's application to acceede to the European Union (previously the European Communities) was made on 14 April 1987 [2]

The first issue of these coins were minted in 2006, by the Mint of Finland, for the Slovenian euro coins. Slovenian euro coins were first issued for circulation on 1 January 2007 and feature a unique design for each coin These coins came into circulation in 2007 and will be compulsory for existing members to issue from 2008 onwards. The one, two and five cent coins remained unchanged with the Commission stating that they remained unaffected as they show Europe's place in the world, even though the EU 15 are still highlighted on the map.

1999–2006 design

€0.10
€0. 10
€0.20
€0. 20
€0.50
€0. 50
€1.00
€1. 00
€2.00
€2. 00

The original designs of the 10-, 20-, and 50-cent coins showed the outline of each of the EU-15 member states. This meant that each state was shown as separate from the others, though, thus giving Europe an appearance of being formed of many islands. EU members which were not part of the eurozone (the United Kingdom, Sweden and Denmark) were also depicted. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe

On the €1 and €2 coins, the landmass appeared more cohesive although borders were indicated. The vertical ridges also passed through some non-participating countries. As in current issues, all coins featured 12 stars in their design. Pre-2007 issues are legal tender throughout the eurozone, including new member Slovenia. Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia (Republika Slovenija) is a Country in southern Central Europe bordering Italy to the west

The year featured in the coins can date back to 1999, when the currency was formally established (only on French, Spanish, Belgian, Finnish and Dutch coins print 1999). This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands These countries traditionally put on the coin the year when it was minted rather than the year in which it was put into circulation.

National sides

See also: Identifying marks on euro coins
Coins have a common side, and a national side (pictured) designed by the respective national printer.
Coins have a common side, and a national side (pictured) designed by the respective national printer. Before the introduction of the euro the current Eurozone members issued their own individual national coinage most of which featured Mint marks privy marks and/or mint master

The obverse side varies from state to state, with each member allowed to choose their own design. Each of the eight coins can have the same design (such as Belgian coins), or can vary from each coin (such as Italian coins). Belgian euro coins feature only a single design for all eight coins the portrait or Effigy of King Albert II of the Belgians and his royal Monogram. Italian euro coins have a design unique to each denomination though there is a common theme of famous Italian works of art from one of Italy 's renowned artists In Monarchies, the national side usually features a portrait of the country's monarch, often in a design carried over from the former currency (such as Belgian coins). Belgian euro coins feature only a single design for all eight coins the portrait or Effigy of King Albert II of the Belgians and his royal Monogram. Republics tend to feature national monuments, symbols or stylised designs (such as French coins). French euro coins feature three separate designs for the three series of coins Engravings on the edge of the two euro coin is also subject to national choice. [3]

There are however some restrictions on the design, it must include twelve stars, the engraver's initials and the year of issue. New issues must also include the name of the issuing country. It can't repeat the denomination of the coin or the word euro unless it is in a different alphabet (such as on Greek coins). Greek euro coins feature a unique design for each of the eight coins [3] The national side is also restricted from changing until the end of 2008, unless a monarch depicted on a coin dies or abdicates (such as in the case of the Vatican's coins). Vatican euro coins are issued by the Philatelic and Numismatic Office of the Vatican City State and minted by Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato (IPZS in Rome Italy Following 2004, states could also produce one €2 commemorative coin a year in limited numbers. main - title €2 commemorative coins keywords numismatics coin review - status [4]

There are at present no plans to abolish the national designs in favour of a European one. However the Commission has proposed that the one, two and five cent coins have a common design to keep down costs. [5] Also, in 2007, all eurozone countries issued a near-identical commemorative coin to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the signature of the Treaties of Rome. These coins had the same design except for the name of the country and the language of the text used.

Though they are not members of the EU, Monaco, San Marino and Vatican City also have euro coins featuring a national side, but these only occasionally end up in general circulation as their scarcity leads to greater interest from coin collectors. For other uses see Monaco (disambiguation Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco ( French: Principauté de Monaco; Monégasque The Most Serene Republic of San Marino (Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino is a country in the Apennine Mountains. Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory Coin collecting is the Collecting or trading of Coins or other forms of legally minted currency Andorra is currently in talks to mint its own coin design. Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra ( Catalan: Principat d'Andorra) is a small Landlocked country in western

Future changes to national sides

"The national sides of all denominations of the euro circulation coins should bear an indication of the issuing Member State by means of the Member State’s name or an abbreviation of it.

"The national side should not repeat any indication on the denomination, or any parts thereof, of the coin neither should it repeat the name of the single currency or of its subdivision, unless such indication stems from the use of a different alphabet.

"This Recommendation should apply to national sides and edge letterings of both normal and commemorative euro circulation coins. It should not apply to the national sides and edge letterings of both normal and commemorative euro circulation coins which have been first issued prior to the adoption of this Recommendation. "

The above paragraphs, in essence, requires 5 of the eurozone members to change their national designs. Finland was the first state when they changed its design in 2007, Belgium did so in 2008 while Austria or Germany will not change their current design for the time being. [6] Greece is still pending.

Small-denomination coins

The one and two cent coins are not used in Finland and the Netherlands, but remain legal tender there
 
The one and two cent coins are not used in Finland and the Netherlands, but remain legal tender there
The one and two cent coins are not used in Finland and the Netherlands, but remain legal tender there

The one and two cent coins were initially introduced in order to ensure that the introduction of the euro was not used as an excuse by retailers to heavily round up prices. However, due to the cost of maintaining a circulation of low value coins, by business and the mints, Finland and the Netherlands round prices to the nearest five cents (Swedish rounding) if paying with cash money, while producing only a handful of those coins for collectors, rather than general circulation. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Swedish rounding is a method by which the total monetary cost of a purchase is rounded to the closest unit of physical Currency. [7]

Despite this, the coins are still legal tender and produced outside these states, so if a customer with one cent coin minted elsewhere wishes to pay with it, they may. [8] However, as the amount of non-national coinage in an EU member state is generally much lower than the amount of nationally-minted coinage, the number of 1- and 2-cent coins in circulation will be marginal and thus of little consequence to retailers.

The Finnish law, to round to five cents and not provide change in anything less, was issued in January 2002 before the coins were put into circulation. The Netherlands followed suit in September 2004 with Belgium making moves to in 2005. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those [8] The Netherlands did so under pressure from retail businesses, who have claimed that dealing with 1- and 2-cent coins is too expensive. After a successful experiment in the city of Woerden in May 2004, retailers in the whole of the Netherlands have been permitted to round cash transactions to the nearest five cent amount since September 2004. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands

This is in part due to factors such as rising metal prices: The De Nederlandsche Bank calculated it would save $36 million a year by not using the smaller coins. De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB The Dutch Bank) is the Central bank of the Netherlands. Other countries such as Germany favoured retaining the coins due to their desired for 1. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. 99 euro prices, which appears more attractive to the consumer than a 2 euro price. [8] This is echoed by the European Central Bank itself which support the coins stating it allows businesses to calculate prices more exactly to attract consumers, such as 99 cents. The European Central Bank (ECB is one of the world's most important Central banks responsible for Monetary policy covering the 15 member countries of the [9] According to a Eurobarometer survey of EU citizens, Germans are most sceptical about the removal of the one and two cents coins from complete circulation in the eurozone, however on average there is a majority for their removal (58% for the one cent coin and 52% for the two cent - in 2005). Eurobarometer is a series of surveys regularly performed on behalf of the European Commission since 1973 The Belgians are most supportive of their removal. [10]

The 1, 2 and 5 cent coins account for approximately 80% of all new coins minted in the eurozone. Due to the expense of producing such low value coinage, the Commission with some member states have proposed that costs could be cut by having a common design on both sides of these coins, rather than minting numerous different designs. [5]

Features for persons with impaired sight

2c, 10c and 20c coins, showing their unique edges.
2c, 10c and 20c coins,
showing their unique edges.

Euro coins were designed in cooperation with organisations representing blind persons, and as a result they incorporate many features allowing them to be distinguished by touch alone. Blindness is the condition of lacking Visual perception due to Physiological or Neurological factors In addition, their visual appearance is designed to make them easy to tell apart for persons who cannot read the actual inscriptions on the coins.

The coins increase in size and weight with value. Of the eight denominations of euro coins, the three lowest denominations are small and distinctly reddish in colour, and quite thin and light. The next three denominations are yellow in colour and thicker, as well as heavier. The highest two denominations are each of two different colours, and are generally larger and thicker than the lower denominations.

In general, the greater the value, the heavier the coin; and the greater the value, the larger the coin. Reddish colour identifies low values; yellow colour identifies medium values; two different colours identify high values.

Although there have been other currencies predating the euro that were specifically designed in similar ways (different sizes, colours, and ridges) to aid the visually impaired, the introduction of the euro constitutes the first time that authorities have consulted associations representing the blind before, rather than after, the release of the currency.

Counterfeit coins

Approximately 100,000 counterfeit euro coins are taken from circulation annually, and a similar number are seized before they can be released. Given a total circulation of 56 billion coins, counterfeit coins are relatively rare. About half the counterfeits feature the German national design, but counterfeits have been detected featuring all issuing countries' designs. The great majority of counterfeit coins are €2 (87% in 2004), with most of the rest being €1, and a few 50 cent coins.

Seized coins from circulation (totals):

2006 – c. 170,000
2005 – 95,959
2004 – 75,564
2003 – 26,339[11]

The European Technical and Scientific Centre estimates that up to two million counterfeit coins were put into circulation in 2002. [12]

Recent investigations by the European Commission have shown that the level of sophistication in the counterfeits is increasing, making prompt detection even more difficult. [13]

Commemorative issues

Main article: €2 commemorative coins
€2 commemorative coin issued by all member states in 2007.
€2 commemorative coin issued by all member states in 2007. main - title €2 commemorative coins keywords numismatics coin review - status
€2 commemorative coin to be issued by all member states in 2009.
€2 commemorative coin to be issued by all member states in 2009.

Each state allowed to issue coins may also mint one commemorative coin each year. Commemorative coins are coins that were issued to commemorate some particular event or issue Only €2 coins maybe used in this way (for them to be legal tender) and there is a limit on the amount that can be issued. However the coin must show the normal design criteria, such as the twelve stars, the year and the issuing country.

Greece was the first country to issue a commemorative coin, and was followed by all but France, the Netherlands, Ireland and Slovenia (France and Slovenia have scheduled commemorative coin issues this year). However in 2007 every eurozone state participated in the Treaty of Rome programme, where all member states issued a coin of similar design to commemorate the signing of the Treaty of Rome (the only difference being the name of the issuing country and the language of the text).

This will be repeated in 2009 in commemoration of the 10th anniversary of the introduction of the euro. The introduction of the euro took place principally between 31 December 1998, when the exchange rates between the Euro and legacy currencies in the The design was selected by electronic voting by EU citizens[14].

Also, since 2006, Germany has been issuing a series of coins, the German Bundesländer series, showing each of the states of Germany on its coins between 2006 and 2021. main - title €2 commemorative coins keywords numismatics coin review - status Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular Common programmes such as the Treaty of Rome and euro anniversary do not count as a state's yearly issue.

Gold and silver commemorative issues

Main article: Euro gold and silver commemorative coins

A legacy of old national practice is the minting of silver and gold commemorative coins. This article covers only the Gold and Silver issues of the euro commemorative coins (collectors coins Unlike normal issues, these coins are not legal tender in all the Eurozone, but only in the country where the coin was issued. Legal tender or forced tender is Payment that by Law, cannot be refused in settlement of a Debt ( Debtor cannot successfully be sued For instance, a €10 Finnish commemorative coin cannot be used in the Netherlands.

Despite this, these coins are not really intended to be used as means of payment, as their bullion value generally vastly exceeds their face value, so it does not constitute a serious problem. The major exception is Germany, where silver ten euro commemoratives are available at banks and some retailers at face value. The coins, however, generally do not circulate.

It is uncertain whether the Council of Ministers will grant them legal tender status elsewhere outside national boundaries, as San Marino, Monaco and Vatican City also issue these kind of coins. The Council of the European Union is the principal decision making institution in the European Union (EU The Most Serene Republic of San Marino (Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino is a country in the Apennine Mountains. For other uses see Monaco (disambiguation Monaco, officially the Principality of Monaco ( French: Principauté de Monaco; Monégasque Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory

References

  1. ^ Thai bahts causing euro problems
  2. ^ Euro coin attacked for leaving Turkey off map, International Herald Tribune 2007-09-25
  3. ^ a b Common guidelines: the national sides of euro coins, Europa (web portal)
  4. ^ Changes to the national sides of euro coins, Europa (web portal)
  5. ^ a b Five years of Euro banknotes and coins, Europa (web portal) 2007-01-17
  6. ^ (2008-02-01). The International Herald Tribune is a widely read English language international Newspaper Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Europa (sometimes written EUROPA) the official Web portal of the European Union, is intended to improve the public’s interaction with EU institutions Europa (sometimes written EUROPA) the official Web portal of the European Union, is intended to improve the public’s interaction with EU institutions Europa (sometimes written EUROPA) the official Web portal of the European Union, is intended to improve the public’s interaction with EU institutions Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen "No design change for Austrian and German euro coins (in German)". Press release. A news release, media release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded Communication directed at members of the News Retrieved on 2008-02-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen
  7. ^ Save the penny or leave the penny?, CBC News 2007-10-10
  8. ^ a b c Small Change, Big Annoyance in Europe, Business Week 2004-09-23
  9. ^ What is the benefit of issuing low-denomination (1 and 2-cent) coins?, European Central Bank
  10. ^ The euro, 4 years after the introduction of the banknotes and coins (PDF), Eurobarometer 2005
  11. ^ http://www.coinauthentication.co.uk/newsletter8.html#circul
  12. ^ Microsoft Word - AnnualReport ETSC EN for WEB draft5.1.doc
  13. ^ 'Most sophisticated' fake euro coin network uncovered in Italy. Established in the 1930s, CBC News is the department within the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation responsible for the news gathering and production of news programs Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated BusinessWeek is a business Magazine published by McGraw-Hill. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English The European Central Bank (ECB is one of the world's most important Central banks responsible for Monetary policy covering the 15 member countries of the Eurobarometer is a series of surveys regularly performed on behalf of the European Commission since 1973
  14. ^ Eurodesign Contest

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