Citizendia

Eurasian (Euroasian)
Total population

Unknown

Regions with significant populations
United States:
868,395 (2000)[1]
  defined as those of "White" and "Asian" ancestry
Netherlands:
458,000[2]
Mostly Dutch with Indonesian
United Kingdom:
204,600[3]
Mostly British with Chinese, British With Thai, British with South Asian/Burmese
Australia:
171,500[4]
Mostly Anglo-Burmese,British with Chinese, Filipinos with European,Thai with British
Languages
European languages, Asian languages
Religions
Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism and other religions

Eurasian is a general term for people and ethnic groups of mixed European and Asian ancestry, regardless of continent of origin. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Most of the many Languages of Europe belong to the Indo-European Language family. There is a wide variety of Languages spoken throughout Asia, comprising a number of families and some unrelated isolates Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Asian or Asiatic is a Demonym for people from Asia. However the use of the term varies by country and person often referring to people from a particular [5][6][7][8][9]

In this general sense of the term, Eurasians do not constitute a well-defined ethnic group, but rather a large collection of ethnic groups with vastly different cultures, histories, genetic profiles, religions, etc. . Therefore, there is little justification to treat European-Asian people as a whole separately from European-African, European-Amerind, and other mixed-ancestry categories. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States Furthermore, many individuals and communities of mixed European-Asian descent do not think of themselves as 'ethnic Eurasian', and do not see their mixed ancestry as being relevant to their ethnic or national identity.

In some countries and epochs, however, the term 'Eurasian' may refer to specific ethnic groups. The word was originally coined during 19th century British India to refer to persons born of European fathers, primarily British, and South Asian mothers, primarily Indians. For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country

In some of the countries where "Eurasian" had a specific meaning, it eventually became a derogatory term. In India, in particular, is has now been replaced by the politically correct "Anglo-Indian". Political correctness (adjectivally politically correct; both forms commonly abbreviated to PC) is a term applied to Language, ideas policies or behavior Anglo-Indians are people who have mixed Indian and British ancestry and the term is sometimes used in the West.

Contents

Overview

Origins

Many Eurasian ethnic groups arose during colonial occupation of Asian regions by European states and private corporations, that started with the great wave of European naval expansion and exploration in the 16th century and continues to the present. The main European colonial powers were Spain and Portugal in the 16th century, followed by the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and France from the 17th century onwards. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.

In many regions, Eurasians tended to marry and socialize mostly among themselves — thus forming a separate social and economic class, which eventually became a distinctive ethnic group.

Social and economic status

With their close ties to both the ruling Europeans and the local populations, Eurasians had a natural vocation to act as intermediaries — clerks, administrators, police officers, and the like — between the two classes; a position that sometimes gave them power and prosperity.

As European colonies gained their independence, different Eurasian groups met with different fortunes. Often they were discriminated and persecuted, being seen as alien and allied of the former rulers; this was the fate, for example, of the Anglo-Burmese in Burma, and of the Indo (Dutch-Malay) people of Indonesia. Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. Indo or Indo-European or Eurasian people is a term used to describe people of mixed European and Indonesian and/or Chinese Indonesian ancestry The Dutch people ( Dutch:) are the dominant Ethnic group of the Netherlands. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. In other cases, where the Eurasians had citizen status in the colonial power, they chose to emigrate simply for economic reasons. In a few cases, the Eurasians able to retain their status after the transition, or even to take over the status the former colonial rulers — as in the Philippines, for example, where the Mestizos are politically dominant to this day. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP

Numbers

As seen with the given statistics on the ethnic group template, there are more Eurasians living in the Malay Archipelago as a region, more than any other region in the world. The Malay Archipelago is a name given to the Archipelago located between mainland Southeastern Asia ( Indochina) and Australia. Perth, Western Australia has the largest community of Anglo-Burmese than in any other city in the world. Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent.

Today, many relatively small Eurasian communities exist in Singapore, Malaysia, Macau, and in Hong Kong. Singapore For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Macau topics. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders

Specific groups

Philippines

The Eurasians of the Philippines form a very tightly knit relationship with Amerasians and due to their cultural similarities and common Western worldview. In its original meaning an Amerasian is a person born in Asia, to a U The term Western world, the West or the Occident ( Latin: occidens -sunset -west as distinct from the Orient) can have multiple meanings Both are considered as overrepresented in the entertainment industry, and are widely held in high esteem due to a generalized colonial mindset among Filipinos. Colonial mentality refers to institutionalised or systemic feelings of inferiority within some societies or peoples who have been subjected to Colonialism, relative to the Eurasians are viewed positively in the Philippines, and those with European phenotypes in particular are widely promoted as the standard of beauty. Most of the European introgression among Eurasians in the Philippines are of Spanish origin, while some, to a lesser degree, are of British origin. Spanish settlement in the Philippines first took place in the late 16th century during the Spanish colonial period of the islands The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Meanwhile, contemporary migration and intermarriages between Filipinos (both male and female) with expatriates from Europe, Australia and the United States continue to result in an increasing number of Eurasians, particularly part white American, white Australian, British, French, German, Italian, Austrian, Swiss, Dutch, Greek, Portuguese, Slavic and Scandinavian, among others, in addition to the more common Spanish. The Philippines has the most number of Eurasians in the world although the exact percentage of Filipinos with european ancestry is unknown since there are no credible sources for the percentage of Filipinos that are half European and at least with any European ancestry residing in the Philippines. It is estimated that around 4% of the population is Eurasian although it is probable that counting at least part-European ancestry majority of which is Spanish going back many generations, the percentage is much higher. According to a census during the 1800's at least 30% of the population are of Spanish ancestry.

United States

According to the United States Census Bureau, concerning multi-racial families in 1990:

In the United States, census data indicate that the number of children in interracial families grew from less than one half million in 1970 to about two million in 1990. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census The terms multiracial and mixed-race describe people whose ancestries come from different races. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In 1990, for interracial families with one white American partner, the other parent. . . was Asian American for 45 percent. Asian Americans are Americans of Asian ancestry. They include sub-ethnic groups such as Chinese Americans Filipino Americans Indian . . [10]

According to James P. Allen and Eugene Turner from California State University, Northridge, by some calculations the largest part white bi-racial population is white/American Indian and Alaskan Native, at 7,015,017, followed by white/black at 737,492, then white/Asian at 727,197, and finally white/Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander at 125,628. [11]

US Census

The US Census categorizes Eurasian responses in the "Some other race" section as part of the Asian race. [12] The Eurasian responses the US Census officially recognizes are Indo-European, Amerasian, and Eurasian. [12]

Netherlands

After World War II, most Eurasians of European and Indonesian descent settled (after the overthrow of Dutch colonial rule) in The Netherlands and thereafter in America and elsewhere. Dutch Eurasians were typically Dutch citizens and were seen as having collaborated with the Dutch government by many Indonesians, whereas the Indonesian revolutionary leaders were seen as having collaborated with the Japanese invaders by many Dutch. Indo or Indo-European or Eurasian people is a term used to describe people of mixed European and Indonesian and/or Chinese Indonesian ancestry Both of those perceptions were largely correct. These Dutch Eurasians, also called Indos or Indo-Europeans, have largely assimilated in the Netherlands and, with over 500,000 persons, are the largest ethnic minority in the Netherlands. Indo or Indo-European or Eurasian people is a term used to describe people of mixed European and Indonesian and/or Chinese Indonesian ancestry

Languages

Eurasians will usually speak the native language of their home country, and may or may not speak the language(s) of an ancestral or parental ethnicity.

The overwhelming majority of all Eurasians with Filipino ancestry of the younger generations speak English as their first language, and have a basic command of at least one Philippine language. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States In Philippines there are over 170 languages almost all of them belong to the Austronesian language family. Many also speak Lan-nang (Philippine Hokkien), if they also have Chinese ancestry, as well as other European languages like Spanish, German, or French. Lan-nang, or more properly known as Lán-nâng-ōe (咱人話 also 咱儂話 is the Philippine variant of Hokkien. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people

The Kristang and Macanese groups have also formed their own languages. The Kristang are an Ethnic group of people of mixed Portuguese and Asian descent which arose in Malacca ( Malaysia) between Macanese ( "people of Macau" can be a general term for the residents or natives of Macau, a special administrative region of the People's Republic The Kristang language is a dialect of Portuguese influenced by Malay as well as Petjo, a dialect compromised of Dutch words based on a Malay grammatical structure. Papiá Kristang ("Christian language" or just Kristang, is a Creole language. Petjo, also known as Petjoh, Petjok, Pecok, is a Dutch-based creole language that originated among the Indos people of mixed

Culture

Eurasian culture is mostly tied-up with their ethnic affiliation.

In East Asian countries such as China, South Korea, and Japan, most Eurasians choose to identify with the culture of the country they live in. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.

Eurasians in Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Laos, and Thailand have developed a separate culture from the rest of the indigenous populations in their respective countries, as they typically are regarded by both the foreign and indigenous communities in their respective countries as a separate entity. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Singapore Laos (ˈlɑːoʊs or /ˈlaʊs/ officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a Landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Many Eurasians with Chinese ancestry in Singapore nevertheless do share the same culture with their Chinese Singaporean counterparts.

In Den Haag (The Hague), Netherlands, an annual Eurasian festival is organized under the name Pasar Malam Besar. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The ‘Pasar Malam Besar’ is the largest festival in the world for Indo (European-Indonesian culture held annually in The Netherlands.

Identification in the Modern West

Eurasians in Asia sometimes encounter discrimination because historically some of their female forebears were impregnated by Europeans with the woman may have been raped or engaged in prostitution (the father often having been a soldier). Rape, also referred to as Sexual assault, is an Assault by a person involving Sexual intercourse with or Sexual penetration of another person Thus, the children are viewed as illegitimate which is regarded as shameful in Asian societies. In Common law, legitimacy is the status of a Child that is born to parents who are legally married to one another or that is born shortly after the While this is not usually the case for Eurasians in the West, issues may also arise there, such as issues around cultural loyalties, values, and perceived racial ambiguity (the latter is especially true in the U. S. because of the rule of hypodescent). Hypodescent is the practice of determining the lineage of a child of Mixed-race ancestry by assigning the child the race of his or her more socially subordinate parent

Identification by others

Eurasians' ethnic self-identification may differ from that perceived by others. Strangers will often base their perception on the degree to which the Eurasian looks Asian or European. Those familiar with the Eurasian individual may perceive other cultural and social factors. In regions where Eurasians have historically been the result of fraternization with U. Fraternization is "turning people into brothers" - conducting social relations with people who are actually unrelated and/or of a different class (especially those with whom one S. servicemen, Eurasians have often been discriminated against. Eurasians in Vietnam, such as Henry Phan, claim that many Asians consider Eurasians to have been born from prostitutes which is considered negative. Some Eurasians like Asha Gill (Indian/White) claim that "Asians despise us because we get all the jobs" and media portrayals. Asha Anand Gill (born July 3, 1972 in Pembury, Kent, England) is a Malaysia -based model, Television

Criteria for defining ethnicity, race or nationality vary from one society to another. More than one of these criteria may apply to a Eurasian, causing confusion.

Terminology

There are many other terms that apply to Eurasians.

Notes

  1. ^ http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-reg=DEC_2000_SF2_U_PCT001:001|107&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF2_U&-_lang=en&-redoLog=true&-mt_name=DEC_2000_SF2_U_PCT001&-format=&-CONTEXT=dt
  2. ^ Evert van Imhoff and Gijs Beets (May 2004). Tornatrás is an archaic caste term used in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial era from the 16th to 19th century to describe persons of mixed indigenous Malay (referred to as Indio Timeline of Philippine history The History of The Philippines is believed to have begun with the arrival of the first humans via Land bridges at least Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. Filipinos or the Filipino people are the citizens of the Philippines. "A demographic history of the Indo-Dutch population, ", Journal of Population Research 21 (1).
  3. ^ http://www.statistics.gov.uk/articles/nojournal/Mixed_ethnic_groups_pdf.pdf Who are the ‘Mixed’ ethnic group? National Statistics.
  4. ^ Charles Price. The Asian Element in Australia: 1996. Monash University. Monash University is a Public university based in Melbourne, Australia.
  5. ^ Eurasian Nation. About Us. 2006. September 7, 2006. <http://www.eurasiannation.com/aboutus.htm>.
  6. ^ Eurasian Community. 2002. September 7, 2006. <http://www.geocities.com/eurasiancommunity/>.
  7. ^ mixedasians. com terms <http://www.mixedasians.com/terms.php>
  8. ^ asiansofmixedrace. com definitions<http://www.asiansofmixedrace.com/def.htm#Eurasian>
  9. ^ Everything Eurasian FAQ <http://www.everythingeurasian.com/faq.html#what>
  10. ^ U.S. Census Bureau, 2000
  11. ^ http://www.csupomona.edu/~mreibel/2000_Census_Files/Allen-Turner.doc
  12. ^ a b University of Michigan. Census 1990: Ancestry Codes. August 27, 2007. [1]

See also

External links

List of people of Eurasian ancestry This is generally understood as a person who has both a European background and an Asian background including East Afro-Asian, or Blasian, refers to a person of mixed Black African and East Asian ancestry In its original meaning an Amerasian is a person born in Asia, to a U Anglo-Indians are people who have mixed Indian and British ancestry and the term is sometimes used in the West. Bhowani Junction is a 1952 novel by John Masters, which was the basis of a successful 1956 film Bui Doi (bụi đời means "dust of life" and is a colloquial expression used to refer to the street kids and hooligans of Vietnamese cities The Burghers are a Eurasian ethnic group historically from Sri Lanka, consisting for the most part of male-line descendants of European colonists Crimean Tatars (sg Qırımtatar, pl Qırımtatarlar) or Crimeans (sg The community of Eurasians in Singapore is descended from Europeans who intermarried with local Asians The ethnicities within the community span the length and breadth Indo or Indo-European or Eurasian people is a term used to describe people of mixed European and Indonesian and/or Chinese Indonesian ancestry The Lipka Tatars (also known as Lithuanian Tatars, Belarusian Tatars, Lipkowie or Muślimi) are a group of Tatars living on the lands A luk kreung (ลูกครึ่ง literally "half child" is a colloquial reference in the Thai language to a person whose parents are of two different Melungeon (mɛlʌndʒʌn is a term traditionally applied to one of a number of "tri-racial isolate" groups of the Southeastern United States, mainly in the Cumberland In Sri Lanka, the names Mestiços ( Portuguese for "Mixed People" or Casados ("Married" were applied to Peranakan, Baba-Nyonya ( Hokkien: Bā-bā Niû-liá) and Straits Chinese (zh-Hant 土生華人 named after the Straits Settlements The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family The Uyghur (also spelled Uygur, Uighur, Uigur, Uyghur: ئۇيغۇر) are a Turkic people of Central Asia.
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic