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For other uses, see Eumenes (disambiguation).

Eumenes of Cardia (Greek: Ευμένης, ca. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly 362 BC—316 BC) was a Greek general and scholar. Events By place Persian Empire Mausolus of Caria joins the revolt of the Satraps of Anatolia against the Persian Events By place Macedonian Empire Eumenes and Antigonus, rivals to Cassander for control of Macedonia meet in the Battle The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca He participated in the wars of the Diadochi as a supporter of the Macedonian Argead royal house. The Diadochi (plural of Latin Diadochus, from Greek Διάδοχοι, Diadokhoi, "successors" were the rival successors Macedon or Macedonia ( Greek grc Μακεδονία grc-Latn Makedonía) was the name of a kingdom centered in the northern-most The Argead dynasty ( Ancient Greek:, the Argeads) was the ancient Greek ruling house of Macedon from about 700

He was a native of Cardia in the Thracian Chersonese. Cardia (in Greek Kαρδία) anciently the chief town of the Thracian Chersonese (today Gallipoli peninsula was situated at the head of the The Thracian Chersonese (in Greek Θρᾳκικὴ Χερσόνησoς) was the ancient name of the Gallipoli peninsula in the part of historic Thrace At a very early age he was employed as private secretary by Philip II of Macedon, and, after the death of Philip II, by Alexander the Great, whom he accompanied into Asia. Philip II of Macedon, ( Greek: Φίλιππος Β' ο Μακεδών &mdash φίλος = friend + ίππος = Horse Alexander the Great ( or, Mégas Aléxandros; July 20 356 BC June 10 or June 11 323 BC also known as Alexander III of Macedon (el Ἀλέξανδρος Γ' After Alexander's death (323 BC), Eumenes took command of a large body of Macedonian and Greek soldiers fighting in support of Alexander's son, Alexander IV. Events By place Macedonian Empire 10 June — In Babylon, Alexander the Great dies ten days after being taken ill Alexander IV Aegus (in Greek, Ἀλέξανδρος Aἰγός &mdash 323&ndash309 BC was the son of Alexander the Great (Alexander III of Macedon In the ensuing division of the empire, Cappadocia and Paphlagonia were assigned to Eumenes; but as they were not yet subdued, Leonnatus and Antigonus were charged by Perdiccas with securing them for him. Cappadocia (or Capadocia, Turkish Kapadokya, from Greek: Καππαδοκία / Kappadokía which in turn is from the Persian: Geography The greater part of Paphlagonia is a rugged mountainous country but it contains fertile valleys and produces a great abundance of hazelnuts and fruit – particularly plums Leonnatus (356 BC - 322 BC Macedonian officer of Alexander the Great and one of the Diadochi. Antigonus I Monophthalmus ("the One-eyed" (382 BC - 301 BC son of Philip from Elimeia, was a Macedonian nobleman general and Satrap Perdiccas ( Greek: Περδίκας, Perdikas; died 321 BC or 320 BC was one of Alexander the Great 's generals Antigonus, however, ignored the order, and Leonnatus vainly attempted to induce Eumenes to accompany him to Europe and share in his far-reaching designs.

Eumenes joined Perdiccas, who installed him in Cappadocia. When Craterus and Antipater, having subdued Greece in the Lamian War, determined to pass into Asia and overthrow the power of Perdiccas, their first blow was aimed at Cappadocia. For other uses, see Craterus (disambiguation Craterus (ca 370 BC - 321 BC Greek: Κρατερός) was a Macedonian general Antipater ( Greek: Ἀντίπατρος Antipatros; ca 397 BC — 319 BC was a Macedonian general and a supporter of kings Philip II of Macedon The Lamian war ( 323 &ndash 322 BC) also called the Greek War was a War in Greece between Athens, along with her allied city-states Craterus and Neoptolemus, satrap of Armenia, were completely defeated by Eumenes in a battle somewhere near the Hellespont in 321 BC. Neoptolemus (in Greek Νεoπτόλεμος; died 321 BC was a Macedonian officer of Alexander the Great. See also the related deity Satrapes. Satrap (Persian ساتراپ was the name given to the governors of the Provinces of ancient Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani See also Dardanelles Hellespont ( Turkish, Greek; ie "Sea of Helle" variously named in classical literature Hellespontium Pelagus Events By place Macedonian Empire Antipater appoints Antigonus commander in chief of his army in Asia Minor and sends Neoptolemus was killed, and Craterus died of his wounds.

After the murder of Perdiccas in Egypt by his own soldiers (320 BC), the Macedonian generals condemned Eumenes to death, assigning Antipater and Antigonus as his executioners. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Events By place Macedonian Empire Alexander the Great 's various generals control different parts of Alexander's empire Eumenes, betrayed to them by one of his own officers, fled to Nora, a strong fortress on the border between Cappadocia and Lycaonia, where he held out for more than a year, until the death of Antipater threw his opponents into disarray. In ancient geography Lycaonia was a large region in the interior of Asia Minor, north of Mount Taurus. Antipater had left the regency to his friend Polyperchon instead of his son Cassander. A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" is a person selected to act as Head of state (ruling or not because the ruler is a minor Polyperchon ( Greek Πολυπέρχων 394–303 BC son of Simmias from Tymphaia in Epirus, was a Macedonian general who served under Cassander ( Greek: Κάσσανδρος, Kassandros; ca 350 - 297 BC King of Macedon (305 - 297 BC was a son of Antipater Cassander therefore allied himself with Antigonus and Ptolemy, while Eumenes allied himself with Polyperchon. For the astronomer see Ptolemy; for others named "Ptolemy" or "Ptolemaeus" see Ptolemy (disambiguation. He was therefore able to escape Nora, and his forces were soon threatening Syria and Phoenicia. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Phoenicia ( Phoenician: Phoenician nunsvg|12px|נ]]Phoenician nun

In 318 BC Antigonus marched against him, and Eumenes withdrew east to join the satraps of the provinces beyond the Tigris River. Events By place Macedonian Empire Antigonus resolves to become lord of all Asia and in conjunction with Cassander and Ptolemy The Tigris is the eastern member of the two great Rivers that define Mesopotamia, along with the Euphrates, which flows from the mountains of southeastern After two indecisive battles at Paraitacene (317 BC) and Gabiene (316 BC), Eumenes was betrayed to Antigonus by his own soldiers. The Battle of Paraitacene ( 317 BC) was a Battle in the wars of the successors of Alexander the Great (see Diadochi) between Antigonus I Events By place Macedonian Empire Seleucus joins Antigonus against Eumenes and recaptures Babylon. Battle of Gabiene ( 316 BC) was a second great battle (after Paraitacene) between two of Alexander the Great 's successors Antigonus and Events By place Macedonian Empire Eumenes and Antigonus, rivals to Cassander for control of Macedonia meet in the Battle

According to Plutarch and Diodorus, Eumenes had won the battle but lost control of his army's baggage camp. Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus ( Greek: Μέστριος Πλούταρχος c This baggage was all the loot which the Macedonian veterans (called the Argyraspids, or Silver Shields) had accumulated over 30 years of successful warfare. It contained not only gold and gems but the Greeks' women and children. Antigonus sent a message to the Silver Shields saying he would give back all their baggage if they gave him Eumenes. The Silver Shields handed over Eumenes. Antigonus, after some consideration, had his enemy executed.

The Macedonians in his army were openly skeptical of Eumenes. Despite his undeniable skills as a general, he never commanded their full allegiance and died as a result. He was an able soldier who did his utmost to maintain the unity of Alexander's empire in Asia; but his efforts were frustrated by the generals and satraps, who hated and despised him as a non-Macedonian general and mere secretary. Eumenes is a tragic figure, a man who seemingly tried to do the right thing but was overcome by a more ruthless enemy and the treachery of his own soldiers.

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