Eugene N. Parker (born 10 June 1927) is an American solar astrophysicist who received his B. Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Astrophysics is the branch of Astronomy that deals with the Physics of the Universe, including the physical properties ( Luminosity, S. degree in physics from Michigan State University in 1948 and Ph. Michigan State University ( MSU) is a co-educational public Research university in East Lansing, Michigan USA. D. , from Caltech in 1951. The California Institute of Technology (commonly referred to as Caltech) is a private, Coeducational research university located in Pasadena He is most famous for developing, in the mid 1950s, the theory of the supersonic solar wind, and for predicting the Parker spiral shape of the solar magnetic field in the outer solar system. The solar wind is a Stream of charged particles&mdasha plasma &mdashthat are ejected from the upper atmosphere of the Sun. The Parker spiral is the shape of the Sun 's magnetic field as it extends through the solar system The Solar System consists of the Sun and those celestial objects bound to it by Gravity. In 1987, Parker proposed that the solar corona might be heated by myriad tiny "micro-flares", miniature solar flares that occur all over the surface of the Sun. A corona is a type of plasma " atmosphere " of the Sun or other celestial body extending millions of Kilometres into space most easily A solar flare is a violent explosion in a star's (like the Sun 's atmosphere releasing as much Energy as 6 × 1025 Joules Solar flares
In 1967, he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Sciences (NAS is a corporation in the United States whose members serve Pro bono as "advisers to the nation on science As of early 2005, he was still engaged in active research at the University of Chicago. The University of Chicago is a Private university located principally in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago. His daughter and son-in-law are both faculty members at Michigan State University. Michigan State University ( MSU) is a co-educational public Research university in East Lansing, Michigan USA.
Parker spent four years at the University of Utah and, since 1955, has been at the University of Chicago, where he has held positions in the physics department, the astronomy and astrophysics department, and the Enrico Fermi Institute. The University of Utah (referred to locally as ' The U' or ' the U of U') is a publicly funded Research university in Salt Lake He is the leading authority on the solar wind and the effects of magnetic fields in the heliosphere. The heliosphere is a bubble in space "blown" into the Interstellar medium (the hydrogen and helium gas that permeates the Galaxy) by the His work has greatly increased understanding of the solar corona, the solar wind, the magnetic fields of both earth and sun, and their complex electromagnetic interactions. The theoretical models which he developed in part by looking at comet tails have in recent years been confirmed by spacecraft. His books, especially Cosmical Magnetic Fields, have educated generations of investigators. His most recent book includes the effects of magnetic fields of planets, stars, and galaxies on X-ray emissions.
He also wrote about the dangers of space radiation for future interplanetary missions. The health threat from cosmic rays is the danger posed by Cosmic rays generated by the Sun and other stars to astronauts on Interplanetary missions Cosmic
Honors
- Henry Norris Russell Lectureship of the American Astronomical Society (1969)
- George Ellery Hale Prize, American Astronomical Society Solar Physics Division (1978)
- National Medal of Science (1989)
- Bruce Medal (1997)
- Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1992)
- Kyoto Prize (2003)
- James Clerk Maxwell Prize (2003) of the American Physical Society. The Henry Norris Russell Lectureship is awarded each year by the American Astronomical Society in recognition of a lifetime of excellence in astronomical research The American Astronomical Society (AAS sometimes pronounced "double-A-S" is a US society of professional astronomers and other interested individuals Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The George Ellery Hale Prize, or Hale Prize is awarded annually by the Solar Physics Division of the American Astronomical Society for outstanding contributions over The National Medal of Science is an honor bestowed by the President of the United States to individuals in Science and Engineering who have made important Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) The Catherine Wolfe Bruce Gold Medal is awarded every year by the Astronomical Society of the Pacific for outstanding lifetime contributions to Astronomy. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar The Gold Medal is the highest award of the Royal Astronomical Society. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) The Kyoto Prize (京都賞 has been awarded annually since 1984 by the Inamori Foundation, founded by Kazuo Inamori. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The American Physical Society was founded in 1899 and is the World 's second largest organization of physicists behind the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft. Citation: "For seminal contributions in plasma astrophysics, including predicting the solar wind, explaining the solar dynamo, formulating the theory of magnetic reconnection, and the instability which predicts the escape of the magnetic fields from the galaxy. "
Books
- Cosmical Magnetic Fields: Their Origin and their Activity, 1979, Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198512905.
- Spontaneous Current Sheets in Magnetic Fields: With Applications to Stellar X-rays, 1994, Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195073713.
- Conversations on Electric and Magnetic Fields in the Cosmos, 2007, Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691128412.
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