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| Eucalyptus obliqua L'Hér. |
Eucalyptus obliqua, commonly known as Australian Oak, Brown Top, Brown Top Stringbark, Messmate, Messmate Stringybark, Stringybark and Tasmanian Oak,[1] is an hardwood tree native to south-eastern Australia. Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle (15 June 1746 - 18 August 1800 was an 18th century French botanist and magistrate The term hardwood is used to describe Wood from broad-leaved angiosperm Trees mostly Deciduous, but not necessarily in the case of tropical For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.
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Description
It grows as a tree up to 90 metres tall, with a trunk up to three metres in diameter. A tree is a perennial Woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or It has a lignotuber, so burnt or coppiced trees sometimes recover in mallee form. A lignotuber is a starchy swelling on underground stems or roots Mallee is the growth habit of woody plants that grow with multiple stems springing from an underground Lignotuber, usually to a height of no more than ten metres It has thick, rough, stringy bark, and glossy green leaves from six to 22 centimetres long, and 1½ to 7 centimetres wide. Inflorescences consist of seven to 15 white flowers. An inflorescence is a group or cluster of Flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main Branch or a complicated arrangement of branches The fruits are barrel-shaped. [2]
Taxonomy
E. obliqua has the taxonomic distinction of being the first Eucalyptus species discovered and published. Eucalyptus (From Greek ευκάλυπτος meaning "well covered" is a diverse Genus of Trees (and a few shrubs the members of which It was first collected in 1777 during Cook's third expedition; the botanist David Nelson collected the specimen from Bruny Island, an island which is part of Tasmania. Captain James Cook FRS RN ( – 14 February 1779) was an English Explorer, Navigator and Botany, plant science(s, phytology, or plant biology is a branch of Biology and is the scientific study of plant Life Bruny Island ( is an island off the south-eastern coast of Tasmania, from which it is separated by the D’Entrecasteaux Channel. Tasmania is an Australian island and state of the same name It is located south of the eastern side of the Continent, being separated from it by Bass This specimen was sent to the British Museum in London, where it was examined by the French botanist Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle. The British Museum is a Museum of human history and culture in London. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Charles Louis L'Héritier de Brutelle (15 June 1746 - 18 August 1800 was an 18th century French botanist and magistrate L'Héritier used it as the type species for a new genus, which he published in 1788. In Taxonomy, a type species is the species that originally defined a genus. He named the genus Eucalyptus from the Greek eu ("good, well") and calyptos ("covered") in reference to the flower bud cap. Eucalyptus (From Greek ευκάλυπτος meaning "well covered" is a diverse Genus of Trees (and a few shrubs the members of which Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly He gave this species the name obliqua from the Latin obliquus ("oblique"), in reference to the leaf bases of unequal length. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. [3] Thus the full name of the species is Eucalyptus obliqua L. Her. [4]
The species has a great many synonyms:[4]
- Eucalyptus nervosa Miq. nom. illeg.
- Eucalyptus fabrorum Schltdl.
- Eucalyptus falcifolia Miq.
- Eucalyptus pallens DC.
- Eucalyptus heterophylla Miq.
- Eucalyptus procera Dehnh.
- Eucalyptus obliqua var. degressa Blakely
- Eucalyptus obliqua var. megacarpa Blakely
- Eucalyptus obliqua L. Her. var. obliqua
Distribution and habitat
E. obliqua is widespread in cooler areas of south eastern Australia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. It occurs from Kangaroo Island, through southeast South Australia, throughout Victoria and Tasmania, mainly east of the tablelands in New South Wales, with a few populations extending into southern Queensland. Kangaroo Island is Australia 's third largest Island - after Tasmania and Melville Island. South Australia is a state of Australia in the southern central part of the country Tasmania is an Australian island and state of the same name It is located south of the eastern side of the Continent, being separated from it by Bass In Geology and Earth science, a plateau, also called a high plateau or tableland, is an area of highland, usually consisting Queensland is a state of Australia, occupying the north-eastern corner of the mainland continent Thus the overall range of latitude is 28–43½°S. Latitude, usually denoted symbolically by the Greek letter phi ( Φ) gives the location of a place on Earth (or other planetary body north or south of the It occurs from sea level up to elevations of 1200 metres in the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. The Northern Tablelands is a Plateau and a region of the Great Dividing Range in northern New South Wales, Australia. The climate is humid or subhumid, with temperatures ranging from cool to warm, and annual rainfall ranging from 500 to 2400 millimetres. Severe winter frosts are common, severe drought extremely uncommon. [5]
It occurs on a wide range of soils in hilly or mountainous areas. In cool mountainous areas it forms tall open-forest with other Eucalyptus species such as E. fastigata (Brown Barrel), E. nitens (Shining Gum), E. cypellocarpa (Mountain Grey Gum), E. viminalis (Manna Gum) and E. delegatensis (Alpine Ash). Mountain Grey Gum ( Eucalyptus cypellocarpa) also known as Mountain Gum Monkey Gum or Spotted Mountain Grey Gum is a straight smooth barked forest tree of up to 65 meters Eucalyptus viminalis, Manna Gum, also known as White Gum, Ribbon Gum or Viminalis is an Australian eucalypt Eucalyptus delegatensis, commonly known as Alpine Ash or Gum-topped stringybark or White-top is a Sub-alpine or Temperate [5]
Uses
One of the most important Australian hardwoods, E. obliqua is often sold with E. regnans (Mountain Ash) as "Vic Ash" or "Tasmanian Oak". Eucalyptus regnans, known variously by the common names Mountain Ash, Victorian Ash, Swamp Gum, Tasmanian Oak or Stringy It is slightly denser that E. regnans - estimates of density range from 720 kg/m³[6] to 830kg/m³[5] - and harder too. The sapwood is pale brown, the heartwood light brown. It has an even texture, with straight grains sometimes interlocked, and well-defined rings. Gum veins are common. [5][6]
The timber has moderate hardness and strength, but low durability. It splits easily, and is easily worked, glued and stained; it is also suitable for steam bending. It is mostly used for pulp production and for construction and manufacture, especially in house building, joinery, flooring, and furniture. [5][6]
References
- ^ Australian Plant Common Name Database. Australian National Botanic Gardens. History of the Gardens When Canberra was being planned in the 1930s the establishment of the gardens was recommended in a report in 1933 by the Advisory Council of Federal Retrieved on 2007-07-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final
- ^ Factsheet - Eucalyptus obliqua. EUCLID: Eucalyptus of southern Australia (Second Edition). Retrieved on 2007-07-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final
- ^ The History of Eucalyptus. EUCLID: Eucalypts of southern Australia (Second Edition). Retrieved on 2007-07-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final
- ^ a b Eucalyptus obliqua L.Her.. Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. The Australian Plant Name Index ( APNI) is an online database of all published names of Australian vascular plants Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
- ^ a b c d e Boland, D. J. et al (1985). Forest Trees of Australia, 4th Edition. ISBN 0-643-05423-5.
- ^ a b c Bootle, Keith R. . Wood in Australia : types, properties and uses. Sydney: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0074510479.
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