The name Caesar probably originated from a dialect of Latium which did not share the rhotacism of the Roman dialect. Latium was a region of ancient Italy, home to the original Latin people. Rhotacism may refer to several phenomena related to the usage of the Consonant R (whether as an Alveolar tap, Alveolar trill, or [1] Using the Latin alphabet as it existed in the day of Julius Caesar (100 BC – 44 BC) (i. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. An alphabet is a standardized set of letters basic written symbols each of which roughly represents a Phoneme, a Spoken language, either Year 44 BC was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. e. , without lower case letters, "J", or "U"), Caesar's name is properly rendered GAIVS IVLIVS CAESAR (the form CAIVS is also attested and is interchangeable with the more common GAIVS). It is often seen abbreviated to C. IVLIVS CAESAR. (The letterform Æ is a ligature, which is often encountered in Latin inscriptions where it was used to save space, and is nothing more than the letters "ae". Epigraphy (ἐπιγραφολογία from Greek ἐπιγραφή — "inscription" is the study of inscriptions or epigraphs engraved ) In Classical Latin, it was pronounced [ˈgajjʊs ˈjuːlɪʊs ˈkaesar]. In Greek, during Caesar's time, his name was written Καίσαρ which was pronounced more or less the same. The pronunciation of the first syllable is similar to that of the German word (Kaiser), itself an early loan word. Kaiser is the German title meaning " Emperor " with Kaiserin being the female equivalent " Empress "
Roman nomenclature is somewhat different from the modern English form. By the Republican era and throughout the Imperial era, a Name in Ancient Rome for a male citizen consisted of three parts ( tria Gaius, Iulius, and Caesar are Caesar's praenomen, nomen, cognomen, respectively. Caesar (plural Caesars Latin: Caesar (plural Caesares is a Title of imperial character See Praenomen (Ancient Egypt for the pharaonic throne name In Roman naming conventions, the praenomen (literally forename By the Republican era and throughout the Imperial era, a Name in Ancient Rome for a male citizen consisted of three parts ( tria The cognomen (plural cognomina) was originally the third name of an Ancient Roman in the Roman naming convention. In modern usage, his full name might be something like "Gaius Iulius-Caesar", where Caesar denoted him as a member of the 'Caesarian' branch of the 'Iulian' family. His grand-nephew, Gaius Octavius, duly took the name "Gaius Julius Caesar" upon his posthumous adoption in 44 BC, and the name became fused with the imperial dignity; in this sense it is preserved in the German and Russian words Kaiser and Tsar (sometimes spelled Czar), both of which refer to an emperor. Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was Year 44 BC was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. An emperor (from the Latin " Imperator " is a (male Monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an Empire or another type of The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Kaiser is the German title meaning " Emperor " with Kaiserin being the female equivalent " Empress " Tsar csar and tzar redirect here For other uses see Tsar (disambiguation. Compare the Slavic and Turkish word for "king", kral, from the name of Charles the Great. Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his
Meaning of "Caesar"
The meaning of the name is unknown. The four commonest derivations of the cognomen "Caesar" are given by the writer of the Historia Augusta (Aelius 2.3):
- from caesaries, 'hair', because the founder of this branch of the family was born with a full head of hair. The Augustan History ( Lat Historia Augusta) is a late Roman collection of biographies in Latin of the Roman Emperors their junior (Julius Caesar himself was balding in later life. ) This is the etymology favored by Festus. Sextus Pompeius Festus was a Roman Grammarian who probably flourished in the later 2nd century AD, perhaps at Narbo ( Narbonne) in Gaul
- from caesius, an eye color variously translated today as 'grey', 'blue-grey', and even 'blue'. (Julius Caesar himself had black eyes, Suet. Jul. 45. )
- from caesum, 'cut out', because the first Caesar was cut from his mother's womb (see Caesarean section). A Caesarean section (or Cesarean section in American English) also known as C-section, is a form of Childbirth in which a surgical This is the etymology favored by Pliny the Elder (VII. Gaius or Caius Plinius Secundus, ( AD 23 – August 25, AD 79 better known as Pliny the Elder, was an ancient Author ix. 47 — Latin, English).
- from caesai, a "Moorish" (maybe Punic) word for "elephant" because the first Caesar had killed such a beast in battle. The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of Muslim (and earlier non-Muslim people of Berber and Arab descent The Punic language is an extinct Semitic language formerly spoken in the Mediterranean region of North Africa and several Mediterranean islands, by people of Elephants ( family: Elephantidae) are large land Mammals of the order Proboscidea.
Some modern writers have also added yet other derivations, but none has reached anything near mainstream acceptance.
Footnotes
- ^ L. R. Palmer, The Latin language (Bristol 1954), p. 69.
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