Etos Kosmou (Greek: Έτος Κόσμου) was an early Byzantine and Roman Christian chronology system of measuring time introduced by Panodorus of Alexandria, Hippolytus of Rome, Sulpicius Severus, Annianus of Alexandria, George Syncellus, and others. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Panodorus of Alexandria was an Egyptian Byzantine monk historian and writer who lived around 400 C For places named after the saint see Saint-Hippolyte Saint Hippolytus of Rome (c Sulpicius Severus (c 363 &ndash between 420 and 425 wrote the earliest Biography of Saint Martin of Tours. Annianus of Alexandria or Annianos was a monk who flourished in Alexandria during the Bishopric of Theophilus of Alexandria around the beginning George Syncellus (died after 810 was a Byzantine chronicler and ecclesiastic
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Establishment and usage
Panodorus of Alexandria, in his work World Chronicle, introduced a world era calculation, who reckoned 5,904 years from Adam (in Greek από κτίσεως κόσμου, apo ktiseos kosmou, "since the world's creation" or Anno Mundi) to the year 412 C.E., about which time he lived. Panodorus of Alexandria was an Egyptian Byzantine monk historian and writer who lived around 400 C Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly la Anno Mundi (Latin "in the year of the World " abbreviated as AM or A Events By Place Western Roman Empire The Visigoths move into the south of Gaul, led by Alaric This era is usually termed the "Antiochian era", or sometimes the "Alexandrian era". Its new year was also transferred to September 1, in which case the eight later months of its year 5493 are the eight former months of the year one of our chronology. The New Year is an event that happens when a Culture celebrates the end of one Year and the beginning of the next year
More important than this is the Byzantine world era, which long served as the standard of computation in the Eastern Empire, in Russia, among the Albanians, Serbs, and Modern Greeks. The Byzantine calendar was the Calendar officially used by the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire from 988 by Basil II until it was conquered Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending } Albanians (Shqiptarët are an Ethnic group and a Nation, in the sense of sharing a common Albanian culture speaking the Albanian language Serbs ( Serbian: Срби Srbi) are a South Slavic people living in the Balkans and Central Europe, mainly in Serbia, The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions It counts sixteen years in excess of the Antiochian era, though likewise beginning the year with September 1; its year 5509 began with September 1 of the year one before Christ. This era was in use in Russia till 1700; whence it originated appears not to be known[1]. By the tenth century C.E., this dating system (its beginning fixed at 5509 B.C.E.) became standard in the Byzantine Empire and thereby, the Orthodox countries of Eastern Europe. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world But as similar Anno Mundi time systems became very popular, they created a huge problem: end-of-world fever, caused by a threatening Seventh Day that equated to the end of the 6000-year period and corresponded to a date 500 years after Christ's birth year. So many Chiliasm, or Millenarianism, emphasizing religious movements arose at that period. Premillennialism in Christian eschatology is the belief that Christ will literally reign on the earth for 1000 years at his Second coming. Millenarianism (sometimes spelled millenarism or millennarism) is the belief by a religious social or political group or movement in a coming major transformation In 1492 Sir Thomas Browne supported also the belief that the world was created in 5509 B. Sir Thomas Browne ( October 19, 1605 &ndash October 19, 1682) was an English author of varied works which disclose his wide learning C. E. and that its ordained lifetime was 7,000 years.
Usage in Russia
In medieval Russia, the chronological system was based on the creation of the world, that is according to the chronology established by Panadorus. It was only in times of Tsar Peter the First, in 1700, that the system "from the nativity of Christ" was introduced. Tsar csar and tzar redirect here For other uses see Tsar (disambiguation. Upon returning from his embassy to western Europe, Tsar Peter changed the Russian New Year's Day from 1 September (the date used in the Roman (Byzantine) empire) to 1 January, the conventional date in the West. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending New Year's Day is the first day of the Year. On the modern Gregorian calendar, it is celebrated on January 1, as it was also in ancient Rome (though He also altered the method of counting years, adopting the Anno Domini system. Thus, 1 January 7208 (dated according to the "year of the world", or Anno Mundi, that is 5509 B.C.E.) became 1 January 1700. la Anno Mundi (Latin "in the year of the World " abbreviated as AM or A The Tsar did not, however, adopt the Gregorian calendar. The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used Calendar in the world today He simply conformed Russia’s Julian calendar to the form of the Julian calendar then used in England. The Julian calendar, a reform of the Roman calendar, was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC and came into force in 45 BC (709 Ab urbe condita
Modern use
To this day, traditional Orthodox Christians will use the Byzantine calculation of the Etos Kosmou in conjunction with the Anno Domini year. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world Both dates appear on Orthodox cornerstones, ecclesiastical calendars and formal documents. The cornerstone (or foundation stone) concept is derived from the first stone set in the construction of a masonry foundation, important since all other stones will The liturgical year, also known as the Christian year, consists of the cycle of liturgical seasons in Christian churches which determines when The ecclesiastical new year is still observed on September 1 (for those churches which follow the Julian Calendar, their September 1 falls on the Gregorian Calendar's September 14).
Notes and references
See also
External links
- Catholic Encyclopedia article (1912 ed.), "Chronicon Paschale".
- Catholic Encyclopedia article (1912 ed.), "Georgius Syncellus".
- Easton's Bible Dictionary, ed. 1897, "Chronology".
- More info on calendars, including Alexandrian world era and Byzantine era.
- Excerpt from an article by Prof. Lenora Neville in the Jan. 2000 issue of Archaeology Odyssey.
- Brooklyn Queens Land Trust, Article Archives, Volume 4, 2006.
- A personal site about important dates.
- Epochs and Eras
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