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Ethnic interest groups in the United States are ethnic interest groups within the United States which seek to influence the foreign policy and, to a lesser extent, the domestic policy of the United States for the benefit of the foreign "ethnic kin" or homeland with whom the respective ethnic groups identity. An ethnic interest group or ethnic lobby, according to Thomas Ambrosio, is an Interest group (often a Foreign policy interest group) established The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Foreign Policy is a bimonthly American Magazine founded in 1970 by Samuel P Domestic policy presents decisions laws and programs made by the government which are directly related to issues in the country A homeland (rel Country of origin and native land) is the concept of the territory ( Cultural geography) to which an Ethnic group [1]

Contents

Historic development

“ [The] ethnic composition [of the United States is] the single most important determinant of American foreign policy. — Nathan Glazer[2] ”

"Being a country founded and populated by immigrants, the United States has always contained groups with significant affective and political ties to their national homeland and their ethnic kin throughout the world. Nathan Glazer (born 1924 is an American Sociologist, who taught at UC Berkeley and Harvard University. "[1]

Anglo-Saxon dominance

Many commentators when discussing the influence of ethnic interest groups tend to focus on new entrants to the competition for influence while exhibiting a blindness to historic and dominant role that the Anglo-Saxon ethnic group has had in influencing, often dictating, the foreign policy of the United States. [1] It was the United States' Anglo-Saxon's ethnic-ideological identity that, according to Paul McCartney[3], drove it to enter into the Spanish-American War. Similarly, United States foreign policy in the mid-20th century was shaped in favor of South African apartheid, according to Catherine Scott[4], as a result of the influence of people who identified with the Afrikaners based on a feeling of shared "whiteness. The term Afrikaner people refers to white Afrikaans -speaking people who have been established in Southern Africa since the 17th century and are mainly of northwestern "

World War I

In the United States, according to Alexander DeConde[5], the "World War quickened the ethnic consciousness of minority groups. They promptly created organizations to help the causes of their old European homelands that had become belligerents. Through whatever means possible, the ethnic activists among them sought to give direction to Washington on matters of policy that affected their overseas kin, making the United States a lobbying battleground between rival interest groups emotionally entangled in the war. "

Cold War

Ambrosio writes that "during the Cold War, the influence of ethnic identity groups was limited by the nature of both the international system and the U. S. foreign policy process. "[1] The ethnic identity groups had limited influence during this period because:

  1. the Cold War foreign policy of the United States was formulated largely by elites concentrated in an executive branch (itself insulated from ethnic politicking because of their diminished role in presidential elections as compared to congress), and
  2. the general public, because of the high stakes involved, granted significant latitude and deference to the policy making elites.

Post-Cold War

Historian Samuel P. Huntington[6] writes that in the post-Cold War international system, there is uncertainty and confusion in the United States as to what are its national interests. Samuel Phillips Huntington (born April 18, 1927) is an American political scientist who gained prominence through his " Clash of Civilizations Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the This article is about the generic foreign affairs term See The National Interest for the political journal Contributing to this confusing is the rise of multiculturalism and its eroding of a singular "American identity. " The lack of a coherent national identity makes its challenging for the state to articulate its true interests, thus it becomes less resistant to the influence exerted by ethnic interest groups whose ethnocentric goals, at best, may only align with broad "American interests" by chance.

Current trends

Political scientist Thomas Ambrosio writes in 2002 that there "has been a growing acceptance that ethnic identity groups have the right to mobilize politically for the purpose of influencing U. Thomas Ambrosio is an associate professor of Political science in the Criminal Justice and Political Science Department at North Dakota State University where he teaches S. policies at home and aboard. This has resulted in a rise in the number and ethnic lobbies as well as their influence. "[1] Additional trends include an "increasing rejection of cultural assimilation and, in its place, growing support for expressions of ethnic diversity" as well as a decreasing tendency for Americans "to make charges of disloyalty against those who retain ties to their ethnic kin abroad and who advocate positions in line with the interests of their homeland. " The proliferation of ethnic conflicts has also heightened the stakes for many ethnic groups causing concerted efforts to expand their influence on U. S. foreign policy as the "independence, survival, or general welfare of a group's ethnic kin or homeland is threatened. "

Conflicting interpretations

There are multiple perspectives as to the value of the influence of ethnic interest groups on the foreign policy of the United States, much like there are conflicting interpretations of the influence of ethnic interest groups in general, see Ethnic interest groups - Conflicting interpretations. An ethnic interest group or ethnic lobby, according to Thomas Ambrosio, is an Interest group (often a Foreign policy interest group) established Yossi Shain writes that in "many ways [. . . ] the participation of ethnic diasporas in shaping U. S. foreign policy is a truly positive phenomena. "[1] A less positive assessment come from Tony Smith, who writes that at "present, the negative consequences of ethnic involvement may way outweigh the undoubted benefits this activism at times confers on America in world affairs. "[7]

Most recognized ethnic interest groups

The following ethnic interest groups as the most recognized in the United States:[1]

See also

Further reading

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Ambrosio, Thomas. Thomas Ambrosio is an associate professor of Political science in the Criminal Justice and Political Science Department at North Dakota State University where he teaches 2002. "Ethnic identity groups and U. S. foreign policy. " Praeger Publishers. ISBN 0275975339
  2. ^ Glazer, Nathan and Daniel Patrick Moynihan. Nathan Glazer (born 1924 is an American Sociologist, who taught at UC Berkeley and Harvard University. For the US Representative from Illinois see P H Moynihan Daniel Patrick “Pat” Moynihan ( March 16, 1927 – March 26, 1975. "Ethnicity: Theory and Experience. " Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-26856-3
  3. ^ McCartney, Paul. Anglo-Saxonism and U. S. Foreign Policy during the Spanish-American War in Ambrosio, Thomas. Thomas Ambrosio is an associate professor of Political science in the Criminal Justice and Political Science Department at North Dakota State University where he teaches 2002. "Ethnic identity groups and U. S. foreign policy. " Praeger Publishers. ISBN 0275975339
  4. ^ Scott, Catherine V. White Mischief: U. S. Support for Apartheid, 1948-1961 in Ambrosio, Thomas. Thomas Ambrosio is an associate professor of Political science in the Criminal Justice and Political Science Department at North Dakota State University where he teaches 2002. "Ethnic identity groups and U. S. foreign policy. " Praeger Publishers. ISBN 0275975339
  5. ^ DeConde, Alexander. 1992. "Ethnicity, Race and American Foreign Policy. " Northeastern University Press.
  6. ^ Huntington, Samuel P. "The Erosion of American National Interests. Samuel Phillips Huntington (born April 18, 1927) is an American political scientist who gained prominence through his " Clash of Civilizations " Foreign Affairs (September/October 1997):28-49. Foreign Affairs is an influential American Journal on International relations published by the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR
  7. ^ Smith, Tony. 2000. "Foreign Attachments: The Power of Ethnic Groups in the Making of American Foreign Policy. " Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-00294-6
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