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The Ethiopian Empire, also known as Abyssinia, in what is now Ethiopia and Eritrea existed from approximately 1270 (beginning of Solomonid Dynasty) until 1974 when the monarchy was overthrown in a coup d'etat. The Zagwe dynasty ruled Ethiopia from the end of the Kingdom of Axum at an uncertain date in the 9th or 10th century to 1270, when Yekuno Amlak Italian East Africa ( Italian: Africa Orientale Italiana, or AOI was a short-lived (1936-1941 Italian Colony in Africa consisting of Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Italian East Africa ( Italian: Africa Orientale Italiana, or AOI was a short-lived (1936-1941 Italian Colony in Africa consisting of The People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (PDRE was the official name of Ethiopia from 1987 to 1991, as established by the Communist The Flag of Ethiopia was adopted on February 6, 1996. The 3 traditional colors- green yellow and red- date back to the Emperor Menelik (1889-1913 The Coat of arms of Ethiopia has been in its current form since 1996 Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national Capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist the capital was moved or the capital Addis Ababa (sometimes spelled Addis Abeba, the spelling used by the official Ethiopian Mapping Authority Amharic For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or The Emperor ( Ge'ez: ንጉሠ ነገሥት nəgusä nägäst " King of Kings " of Ethiopia was the hereditary Emperor Yekuno Amlak (throne name Tasfa Iyasus) was {{IPA|nəgusä nägäst}} ( 10 August 1270 - 19 June 1285 Haile Selassie I ( Ge'ez: am ኃይለ፡ ሥላሴ "Power of the Trinity " 23 July 1892 &ndash 27 August 1975 born Tafari Makonnen, was Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page Eritrea () ( Ge'ez: ኤርትራ ʾErtrā, Arabic: إرتريا Iritriya) officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in The Solomonic dynasty is the traditional royal house of Ethiopia, claiming descent from King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, who is said Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. It was in its time the oldest state in the world, and the only native African nation to successfully resist the Scramble for Africa by the colonial powers during the 19th century. The Scramble for Africa, also known as the Race for Africa, was the proliferation of conflicting European claims to African territory during the New The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar
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Early History
Human settlement in Ethiopia is very ancient with earliest ancestors to the human species discovered. Together with Eritrea and the southeastern part of the Red Sea coast of Sudan, it is considered the most likely location of the land known to the ancient Egyptians as Punt whose first mention dates to the 25th century BC. Eritrea () ( Ge'ez: ኤርትራ ʾErtrā, Arabic: إرتريا Iritriya) officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in The Red Sea is a Salt water Inlet of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Asia. The 25th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2500 BC to 2401 BC The beginnings of a state were evident in the area that would become Abyssinia by 980 BC, which also serves as its legendary date of establishment. This date may have more to do with dynastic lineage than the actual establishment of a state.
Zagwe Dynasty
The history of independent Abyssinia begins with the death of the last Aksumite king and overlord at the hands of the founder of the Zagwe Dynasty. The Zagwe dynasty ruled Ethiopia from the end of the Kingdom of Axum at an uncertain date in the 9th or 10th century to 1270, when Yekuno Amlak This occurred around 1137. The Zagwe were of the Agaw dynasty, whose power never extended much farther than their own ethnic heartland. The Agaw ( Ge'ez አገው Agaw, modern Agew) are a people of Ethiopia. Nevertheless, they continued the Christianity of Aksum and constructed many magnificent churches such as those at Lalibela. Lalibela is a town in northern Ethiopia. Lalibela is one of Ethiopia's holiest cities second only to Aksum, and is a center of Pilgrimage for much of the The dynasty would last until its overthrow by a new regime claiming descent from the old Aksumite kings.
Solomonid Dynasty
In 1270, the Zagwe dynasty was overthrown by a king claiming lineage with the Aksumite emperors and thus that of Solomon (hence the name "Solomonid"). King Solomon ( Ge'ez: ስለሞን Arabic: ar سليمان, Sulayman, all from the Triliteral root S-L-M, "peace" The Solomonid Dynasty was born of and ruled by the Habesha, from whom Abyssinia gets its name. The Solomonic dynasty is the traditional royal house of Ethiopia, claiming descent from King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, who is said The term Habesha ( Ge'ez ሐበሻ ḥabaśā, Amh hābešā, Tgn
The Habesha reigned with only a few interruptions from 1270 until the late 20th century. It is under this dynasty that most of Ethiopia's modern history is formed. During this time, the empire conquered and incorporated virtually all the peoples within modern Ethiopia and Eritrea. They successfully fought off Arab and Turkish armies and made fruitful contacts with some European powers.
Scramble for Africa and Modernization
The 1880s were marked by the Scramble for Africa and modernization of Ethiopia. Events and Trends Technology Development and commercial production of Electric lighting Development and commercial production of gasoline-powered The Scramble for Africa, also known as the Race for Africa, was the proliferation of conflicting European claims to African territory during the New Conflicts with Italy resulted in the Battle of Adowa in 1896, whereby the Ethiopians surprised the world by defeating the colonial power and remaining independent under the rule of Menelik II. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Battle of Adwa (also known as Adowa or sometimes by the Italian name Adua) was fought on 1 March, 1896 between Ethiopia Emperor Menelik II GCB, GCMG, ( Ge'ez ምኒልክ baptized as Sahle Maryam ( August 17, 1844 &ndash December 12 Italy and Ethiopia signed a provisional treaty of peace on October 26, 1896. NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page
Italian Invasion and WWII
In 1935 Italian soldiers commanded by Marshal Emilio De Bono invaded Ethiopia. Emilio De Bono ( March 19, 1866 &ndash January 11, 1944) was an Italian General, fascist activist Marshal The war lasted seven months before an Italian victory was declared. The invasion was condemned by the League of Nations, though as with the Manchuria Incident, not much was done to end the hostility. The League of Nations was an International organization founded as a result of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919–1920 On September 18, 1931, near Mukden (now Shenyang) in southern Manchuria, a section of railroad owned by Japan 's South Manchuria Ethiopia became part of Italian East Africa until its liberation in 1941 by Allied forces in North Africa. Italian East Africa ( Italian: Africa Orientale Italiana, or AOI was a short-lived (1936-1941 Italian Colony in Africa consisting of In general allies are people groups or nations that have joined together in an association for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose
Ethiopia received Eritrea after World War II, which remained within it after the dissolution of the monarchy until Eritrea's separation in 1993.
Rise of Derg
In 1974 a pro-Soviet Marxist-Leninist military junta, the "Derg", led by Mengistu Haile Mariam, deposed Haile Selassie and established a one-party communist state. A soviet (сове́т, "council" originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia. Marxism-Leninism is a Communist ideological stream that emerged as the mainstream tendency amongst the Communist parties in the 1920s as it was adopted The Derg or Dergue was a communist military junta that came to power in Ethiopia following the ousting of Haile Selassie I. Mengistu Haile Mariam (መንግስቱ ኃይለ ማርያም məngɨstu hi lə maryam (born 1937 a repression campaign against the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party and Haile Selassie I ( Ge'ez: am ኃይለ፡ ሥላሴ "Power of the Trinity " 23 July 1892 &ndash 27 August 1975 born Tafari Makonnen, was Communist state is a term used by many Political scientists to describe a Form of government in which the State operates under a one-party system Haile Selassie was imprisoned and died under unclear circumstances, possibly because of being denied medical treatment.
See also
- History of Ethiopia
- Zagwe Dynasty
- Aksumite Empire
- Solomonid Dynasty
- History of Ethiopia (1270 - 1527)|First Solomonic period (1270–1527)
- Invasion of Gragn (1527–1543)
- Great Oromo migration (1543–17th c. Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, with one of the longest recorded histories in the world The Zagwe dynasty ruled Ethiopia from the end of the Kingdom of Axum at an uncertain date in the 9th or 10th century to 1270, when Yekuno Amlak The Aksumite Empire or Axumite Empire (sometimes called the Kingdom of Aksum or Axum ( Ge'ez: አክሱም was an important trading The Solomonic dynasty is the traditional royal house of Ethiopia, claiming descent from King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, who is said Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, with one of the longest recorded histories in the world Ahmad ibn Ibrihim al-Ghazi (c 1506 - February 21, 1543) ("the Conqueror" was an Imam and General of Adal )
- Ottoman Invasion (1557–17th c.)
- Gondarine dynasty (1606–1755)
- Zemene Mesafint (1755–1855)
- Modernization (1855–1936)
- Second Italo-Abyssinian War (1935–1936)
- Italian East Africa (1936–1941)
- East African Campaign (World War II) (1941)
- Italian guerrilla war in Ethiopia (1941–1943)
- Second Modernization (1941–1974)
- Eritrean War of Independence (1961–1991)
- Ethiopian Civil War (1974–1991)
- Rulers and heads of state of Ethiopia
- Army of the Ethiopian Empire
- Kingdoms and Provinces of the Ethiopian Empire
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