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This article is about the city in Germany. For other places with the same name, see Essen (disambiguation).
Essen
View over the center of Essen from the "Tetraeder" landmark in Bottrop. In the background the Ruhr Heights.
View over the center of Essen from the "Tetraeder" landmark in Bottrop. (ˈbɔtʁɔp is a city in west central Germany, on the Rhine-Herne Canal in North Rhine-Westphalia. In the background the Ruhr Heights. The Ruhr is a medium-size River in western Germany ( North Rhine-Westphalia) a right tributary (east-side of the Rhine.
Coat of arms Location
Coat of arms of Essen
Essen (Germany)
Essen
Administration
Country Flag of Germany Germany
State North Rhine-Westphalia
Admin. region Düsseldorf
District Urban district
City subdivisions 9 districts, 50 boroughs
Lord Mayor Dr. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen usually shortened to NRW, official short form NW is the westernmost and - in terms of population and economic output - the A Regierungsbezirk is a type of government region of Germany, a subdivision of certain federal states ( ''Bundesländer'') Düsseldorf is one of the five Regierungsbezirke ' of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, located in the north-west of the country German districts (de ''Kreise'' or de ''Landkreise'' in the states of Nordrhein-Westfalen and Schleswig-Holstein, singular de ''Kreis'' and de ''Landreis'' This is a list of urban districts in Germany. Germany is divided into 429 districts (not to be confused with the larger Regierungsbezirk) these consist The Lord Mayor is the title of the Mayor of a major city with special recognition Wolfgang Reiniger (CDU)
Governing parties CDU / Greens
Basic statistics
Area 210. The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands) is the largest Political party in Germany. This is a list of political parties in Germany. Germany has a Multi-party system with two large parties three substantial smaller parties and a number of minor The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands) is the largest Political party in Germany. The Alliance '90/The Greens ( Bündnis 90/Die Grünen) the German Green party, is a Political party in Germany whose regional Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 32 km² (81. 2 sq mi)
Elevation 116 m  (381 ft)
Population  581,406  (31/03/2007)[1]
 - Density 2,764 /km² (7,160 /sq mi)
 - Metro 5. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central 302. 179 (12/2004)
Other information
Time zone CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Licence plate E
Postal codes 45001-45359
Area codes 0201, 02054 (Kettwig)
Website www.essen.de

Coordinates: 51°27′3″N 7°0′47″E / 51.45083, 7.01306

Essen (pronounced [ˈɛsən]) is a city in the center of the Ruhr Area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time German car number plates ( Kfz-Kennzeichen) show the place where the car carrying them is registered __FORCETOC__ Postal codes in Germany, Postleitzahl (plural Postleitzahlen abbreviated to PLZ consist of five digits which indicate the wider area (first two digits and the see also Telephone numbering in Germany for further codes including service numbers cell phones etc Kettwig is the southernmost borough of the city of Essen in western Germany and until 1975 was a town in its own right A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status The Ruhr Area, ( German Ruhrgebiet, colloquial Ruhrpott, Kohlenpott or Revier) is an Urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen usually shortened to NRW, official short form NW is the westernmost and - in terms of population and economic output - the Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Located on the Ruhr River, its population of approximately 582,000 (as of December 31, 2006) makes it the 7th- or 8th-largest city in Germany. The Ruhr is a medium-size River in western Germany ( North Rhine-Westphalia) a right tributary (east-side of the Rhine. The city was recently appointed European Capital of Culture for 2010 representing the whole Ruhr Area. The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union for a period of one Calendar year during which it is given a chance to showcase its

Formerly one of Germany's most important coal and steel centers and historically linked to the centuries-old Krupp family iron works, the city has developed a strong tertiary sector of industry and is nowadays (sometimes together with nearby Düsseldorf) known as the "desk of the Ruhr area"[2]. The Krupp family, a prominent 400-year-old German dynasty from Essen, have become famous for their Steel production and for their manufacture of Düsseldorf (ˈdʏsəldɔɐf is the capital city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It is home to 13 of the 100 largest German corporations and seat to several of the region's authorities. A corporation is a separate legal entity usually used to conduct business

The city was chosen in 1958 to serve as the seat of a Roman-Catholic diocese, the Diocese of Essen (Ruhrbistum). In many rites of the Roman Catholic Church and in Anglican churches, a diocese is an administrative territorial unit administered by a Bishop. In early 2003, the universities of Essen and its neighboring city of Duisburg (both established in 1972) were merged into the University of Duisburg-Essen with campuses in both cities and a university hospital in Essen. The old University of Duisburg was a university in Duisburg. History Its origins date back to the 1555 decision to create a university for the unified The University of Duisburg-Essen (Universität Duisburg-Essen is a University institution situated in the German federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia A teaching hospital is a Hospital that in addition to delivering medical care to patients also provides Clinical education and training to future and current doctors

Contents

Geography

Location, neighboring communes and general geography


Oberhausen
Bottrop
Gladbeck1
Gelsenkirchen

Mülheim an der Ruhr
Map of the Districts and Boroughs of Essen
Essen
(Map of districts and boroughs)
Bochum

Ratingen²
Heiligenhaus²
Velbert²
Hattingen³
1 Recklinghausen district
2 Mettmann district
3 Ennepe-Ruhr district

Essen is located in the center of the Ruhr Area, one of the largest urban areas in Europe (see also: megalopolis), comprising 11 independent cities and 4 districts with some 5. Oberhausen (ˈoːbɐhaʊzən is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. (ˈbɔtʁɔp is a city in west central Germany, on the Rhine-Herne Canal in North Rhine-Westphalia. Gladbeck (ˈglatbɛk is a City in the district of Recklinghausen in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Gelsenkirchen (ˌgɛlzənˈkɪʁçən is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Mülheim an der Ruhr, also called "City on the River", is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. Bochum (ˈboːχʊm is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Ratingen is a town in the district of Mettmann, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in the northwestern part of Berg - about 12 km northeast Heiligenhaus is a town in the district of Mettmann, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, in the suburban Rhine-Ruhr area Velbert is a town in the district of Mettmann, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Hattingen is a German town located in northern part of the Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis distirct in North Rhine-Westphalia. Recklinghausen (ʁɛklɪŋˈhaʊzən is a Kreis ( District) in the middle of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Mettmann is a Kreis ( District) in the middle of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis is a district in the middle of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The Ruhr Area, ( German Ruhrgebiet, colloquial Ruhrpott, Kohlenpott or Revier) is an Urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia A megalopolis (or megapolis) is defined as an extensive Metropolitan area or a long chain of roughly continuous metropolitan areas An independent city is a City that does not form part of another general-purpose Local government entity Districts are a type of Administrative division, in some countries managed by a Local government. 3 million inhabitants. The city limits of Essen herself are 87 km (54 mi) long and border to 10 cities, 5 of them independent and 5 kreisangehörig (i. e. , belonging to a district), with a total population of approximately 1. 4 million.

The city extends over 21 km (13 mi) from north to south and 17 km (11 mi) from west to east, mainly north of the Ruhr River, which forms the Lake Baldeney reservoir in the boroughs of Fischlaken, Kupferdreh, Heisingen and Werden. The Ruhr is a medium-size River in western Germany ( North Rhine-Westphalia) a right tributary (east-side of the Rhine. A reservoir is most broadly a place or hollow vessel where Fluid is kept in Reserve, for later use Werden is a borough of the city of Essen in Germany. It belongs to the city district IX Werden/Kettwig/Bredeney and has 9998 inhabitants as The lake, a popular recreational area, dates from 1931 - 1933, when some thousands of unemployed coal miners dredged it with primitive tools for the Reichsarbeitsdienst. The Reichsarbeitsdienst (or RAD Reich Labour Service) was an institution set up in Nazi Germany as an instrument to combat unemployment similar to the Generally, large areas south of the Ruhr river (including the suburbs of Schuir and Kettwig) are quite green and are often used as examples for rural structures in the otherwise relatively densely populated central Ruhr Area. Kettwig is the southernmost borough of the city of Essen in western Germany and until 1975 was a town in its own right

The lowest point can be found in the Northern borough of Karnap at 26. 5 m (86. 9 ft), the highest point in the borough of Heidhausen (202. 5 m/664 ft). The average elevation is 116 m (381 ft).

Despite its industrial history, Essen is generally regarded as one of Germany's greenest cities. The picture shows the borough of Kettwig, incorporated in 1975.
Despite its industrial history, Essen is generally regarded as one of Germany's greenest cities. The picture shows the borough of Kettwig, incorporated in 1975. Kettwig is the southernmost borough of the city of Essen in western Germany and until 1975 was a town in its own right

City districts

Essen is subdivided into nine suburban districts, called Stadtbezirke. A Stadtbezirk is a form of German City district. A city district is an administrative unit within a larger city Each Stadtbezirk has a local body (of nineteen members each) that has limited authority. Stadtbezirke have names that are often derived from the boroughs they comprise. Additionally, Stadtbezirke are assigned Roman numerals. Roman numerals are a Numeral system originating in ancient Rome, adapted from Etruscan numerals. Essen has a total of fifty boroughs, most of which have originally been independent municipalities but were gradually incorporated from 1901 - 1975. The long-lasting process of city growth incorporation has led to a strong identification of the population with "their" boroughs and to a rare peculiarity: The borough of Kettwig, located south of the Ruhr river, and which was not incorporated until 1975, has its own area code. Kettwig is the southernmost borough of the city of Essen in western Germany and until 1975 was a town in its own right A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Additionally (allegedly due to relatively high church tax incomes), the Archbishop of Cologne managed to keep Kettwig direct subject to the Archbishopric of Cologne, whereas all other boroughs of Essen and some neighboring cities constitute the Diocese of Essen. The Electorate of Cologne (Kurfürstentum Köln or Kurköln) was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire and existed from the 10th to the early 19th

Climate

Climatic Diagram of Essen
Climatic Diagram of Essen[3]

The average temperature is 9. 6 °C (49 °F), the average annual precipitation 829 millimetres (33 in). The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 The coldest month of the year is January, when the average temperature is 1. 5 °C (35 °F). The warmest month is July, with an average temperature of 17. 5 °C (63 °F). Most rain falls in August with 90 mm (4 in).

History

Essen on an engraving from 1647
Essen on an engraving from 1647

Origin of the name

Throughout the centuries, the name of the city changed continuously. The eldest known form is Asnithi, which changed to Essen over e. g. Astnidum, Assinde, Essendia and Esnede. The name Asnithi may have either referred to a region where many Ash trees were found or to a region in the East (of the Frankish Empire), though both translations are still disputed. An ash can be any of four different tree genera from four very distinct families; most commonly in a combined form (e Francia or Frankia, later also called the Frankish Empire (imperium Francorum Frankish Kingdom (Latin regnum Francorum, "Kingdom of the The connection between the city name and the German word Esse (Old High German for fireplace) may be drawn because of the industrial history of the city, but is highly unlikely since the old forms of the city name originate from times before industrialization. What is safe to say, however, is that Essen does not refer to the act of eating (also Essen in German). In general terms eating (formally ingestion) is the process of consuming Food to provide for the Nutritional needs of an Animal, particularly The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages.

Early history

The oldest archaeological finds date back to 280,000 B. C. (Vogelheimer Klinge, named after the borough of Vogelheim in the northern part of the town). Other finds date to between 120,000 and 10,000 years old.

Essen was part of the settlement areas of multiple Germanic peoples (Chatti, Bructeri, Marsi), although a clear distinction among these groupings is difficult. The Chatti (also Chatthi or Catti) were an ancient Germanic tribe whose homeland was near the upper Weser. The Bructeri were a Germanic tribe located in northwestern Germany (Soester Börde between the Lippe and Ems rivers south of the Teutoburg The Marsi (German Marser were a small Germanic tribe settled between the Rhine, Rur and Lippe rivers in northwest Germany

The Alteburg castle in the South of Essen dates back to Celtic times (around 0), the Herrenburg to the 8th century. Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts

8-12th century

The west work of Essen Cathedral
The west work of Essen Cathedral

Around 845, Saint Altfrid (around 800 - 874), the later Bishop of Hildesheim, founded a monastery for women (coenobium Astnide) in the center of present-day Essen. Saint Altfrid or Altfrid of Hildesheim (died 15 August 874) was a leading figure in Germany in the ninth century The Bishopric of Hildesheim was a state of the Holy Roman Empire from the Middle Ages until 1803. The first abbess of the monastery was Altfrid's relative Gerswit (see also: Essen Abbey). Essen Abbey ( Stift Essen) was a collegiate foundation for women of the high nobility in Essen. In 799, Saint Liudger had already founded Benedictine Werden Abbey on his own ground a few kilometers south. Saint Ludger (also Lüdiger or Liudger) (born at Zuilen near Utrecht about 742 died 26 March 809 at Billerbeck This article concerns Roman Catholic Order of Saint Benedict see also Benedictine Confederation and Benedictine. Werden Abbey (Kloster Werden was a Benedictine monastery in Essen-Werden ( Germany) situated on the Ruhr. The region was sparsely populated with only a few smallholdings and an old and probably abandoned castle. A smallholding is a Farm of small size Often too small to be efficient the utility of smallholdings varies from place to place Whereas Werden Abbey sought to support Liudger's missionary work in the Harz region (Helmstedt/Halberstadt), the monastery ought to care for women of the higher Saxon nobility. The Harz is a mountain range in central Germany It is the highest mountain chain in northern Germany occupying parts of the German states of Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt Helmstedt is a city located at the eastern edge of the German state of Lower Saxony. Halberstadt is a City in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt and the capital of the district of Harz. The Saxons or Saxon people were a Confederation of Old Germanic tribes. The monastery was not a monastery in the ordinary sense, but rather intended as residence and educational institution for daughters and widows of the higher nobility; led by an abbess, all members but the abbess herself were not obliged to take vows of chastity.

Around 852, construction of the collegiate church of the monastery began, to be completed in 870. A major fire in 946 heavily damaged both the church and the settlement. The church was rebuilt, expanded considerably and is the foundation of the present Essen Cathedral.

The first documented mention of Essen dates back to 898, when Zwentibold, King of Lotharingia, willed territory on the Western bank of the Rhine River to the monastery. Zwentibold (870 &ndash August 13 900) was the Illegimate son of the Emperor Arnulf of Carinthia. --> Lotharingia or Lorraine was a short-lived kingdom in The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge Another document, describing the foundation of the monastery and allegedly dating back to 870, is now considered an 11th century forge.

In 971, Mathilde II, granddaughter of Emperor Otto I, took lead of the abbey. Otto I the Great ( 23 November 912 &ndash 7 May 973) son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda of Ringelheim, was Duke She was to become the most important of all abbesses in the history of Essen, reigned over 40 years, and endowed the abbey's treasury with invaluable objects such as the oldest preserved seven branched candelabrum, and the Golden Madonna of Essen, the oldest known sculpture of the Virgin Mary in the world. The Golden Madonna of Essen is a gilded sculpture of the Virgin Mary and part of the treasury of Essen Cathedral, formerly the church of Essen Abbey, in Images of the Madonna and Madonna and Child are one of the central Icons of Christianity, representing the Madonna or Mary mother of Jesus Mathilde was succeeded by other women related to the Ottonian emperors: Sophia, daughter of Otto II and sister of Otto III, and Teophanu, granddaughter of Otto II. The Ottonian dynasty was a dynasty of Germanic Kings (919-1024 named after its first emperor but also known as the Saxon dynasty after the family's origin Otto III (980 &ndash January 23, 1002) was the fourth ruler of the Saxon or Ottonian dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire. It was under the reign of Teophanu when Essen, which had been called a city since 1003, received its right to hold markets in 1041. Ten years later, she had the eastern part of Essen Abbey constructed, with a crypt with the burial lairs of St. Altfrid, Mathilde II and Teophanu herself.

13-17th century

In 1216, the monastery, which had only been an important landowner until then, gained the status of a prince residence when Emperor Frederick II called abbess Elisabeth I Reichsfürstin (Princess of the Empire) in an official letter. Prince, from the Latin root Princeps, is a general term for a Monarch, for a member of a monarch's or former monarch's family and is a Frederick II ( December 26, 1194 &ndash December 13, 1250) of the Hohenstaufen dynasty was a Pretender to the title 28 years later, in 1244, Essen received its town charter and seal when Konrad von Hochstaden, the Archbishop of Cologne, marched into the city and erected a city wall together with the population. Konrad von Hochstaden or Conrad of Hochstadt (1198/1205 &ndash September 18, 1261) was Archbishop of Cologne from 1238 to 1261 Bishops and Archbishops of Cologne Bishops of Colonia Agrippina, 88–784 All names before Maternus ('II' are to be approached with considerable This proved a temporary emancipation of the population of the city over the princes abbesses, but would only last until 1290. That year, King Rudolph I reassured the princess abbesses full sovereignty over the city; much to the dismay of the population of the growing city who called for self-administration and Reichsunmittelbarkeit. Rudolph I, also known as Rudolph of Habsburg ( German: Rudolf von Habsburg, Latin Rudolfus) May 1, 1218 &ndash Imperial immediacy (Reichsfreiheit or Reichsunmittelbarkeit) was a privileged feudal and political status a form of statehood which a City, religious The title Free Imperial City was finally granted by Emperor Charles IV in 1377, who in 1372 had paradoxically already underlined Rudolph I's decision from 1290 and hence left both abbey and city with imperial favor. In the Holy Roman Empire, a free imperial city (in German: freie Reichsstadt) was a City formally ruled by the Emperor only &mdash Charles IV ( Czech: Karel IV, German: Karl IV, Hungarian: IV Károly; 14 May 1316 &ndash Disputes between the city and the abbey about the supremacy over the region remained common until the abbey's dissolution in 1803. Many lawsuits were filed at the Reichskammergericht, one of them lasting almost 200 years. The Reichskammergericht (Imperial Chamber Court was one of two highest judicial institutions in the Holy Roman Empire, the other one being the Reichshofrat The final decision of the court in 1670 was that the city had to be duly obedient in do's and don't s to the abbesses but could maintain its old rights - a decision that did not really solve any of the problems.

In 1563, the city council, with its self-conception as the only legitimate ruler over Essen, introduced the Protestant Reformation. The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time The Catholic abbey had no troops to counter this development.

Thirty Years' War

During the Thirty Years' War, the Protestant city and the Catholic abbey opposed each other. For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War. In 1623, princess abbess Maria Clara von Spaur, Pflaum und Valör managed to direct Catholic Spaniards against the city, in order to initiate a counter-reformation. The Counter-Reformation (also Catholic Reformation denotes the period of Catholic revival from the pontificate of Pope Pius IV in 1560 to the close of the In 1624, a "re-catholization law" was passed and churchgoing was strictly controlled. In 1628, the city council filed against this at the Reichskammergericht. Maria had to flee to Cologne when the Dutch stormed the city in 1629. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands She returned in the summer of 1631 following the Bavarians under Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim, only to leave again in September. The Bavarians are a German people from Bavaria, Germany. They are the inheritors of the Bavarii, which occupied modern-day Bavaria and its surroundings Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim ( May 29, 1594 &ndash November 17, 1632) Field marshal of the Holy Roman Emperor She died 1644 in Cologne.

The war proved a severe strike for the city, with frequent arrests, kidnapping and rape. Even after the Peace of Westphalia from 1648, troops remained in the city until September 9, 1650. The term Peace of Westphalia refers to the two peace treaties of Osnabrück and Münster, signed on May 15 and October 24 of

Industrialization

The three rings of Krupp
The three rings of Krupp

The first historic evidences of the important mining tradition in Essen date back to the 14th century, when the princess abbess was granted mining rights. The first silver mine opened in 1354, but the indisputably more important coal was not mentioned until 1371, and coal mining only began in 1450.

At the end of the 16th, many coal mines had opened in Essen and the city earned a name as a center of the weapon industry. Around 1570, gunsmiths made high profits and in 1620, they produced 14,000 rifles and pistols a year. The city became more and more strategically important.

Particular importance gained the factories of the Krupp family. The Krupp family, a prominent 400-year-old German dynasty from Essen, have become famous for their Steel production and for their manufacture of Resident in Essen since the 16th century, Essen and the Krupp dynasty were of particular influence for each other. In 1811, Friedrich Krupp founded Germany's first cast steel factory in Essen and laid the cornerstone for what was to be the largest enterprise in Europe for a couple of decades. Friedrich Krupp ( 17 July 1787 - 8 October 1826) was a German steel manufacturer and founder of the Krupp family commercial The weapon factories in Essen became so important that a sign vis-à-vis the main station welcomed visitors to the Armory of the Reich during World War II. is the Hauptbahnhof for the city of Essen in western Germany. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Krupp works also were the main reason for the large population growth since the mid-19th century - Essen became a Großstadt in 1896. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Other industrialists, such as Friedrich Grillo, who in 1892 donated the Grillo Theater to the city, also played a major role in the shaping of the city and the Ruhr region in the late 19th/early 20th century. Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one The Ruhr is a medium-size River in western Germany ( North Rhine-Westphalia) a right tributary (east-side of the Rhine. Although no weaponry is produced in Essen anymore, the old industrial enterprises such as Krupp and RWE remain large employers in the city. ThyssenKrupp AG ( is a large German industrial conglomerate, with more than 200000 employees The company RWE is not related to Ralph Waldo Emerson. RWE AG (until 1990 Rheinisch-Westfälisches Elektrizitätswerk Foundations such as the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach-Stiftung still promote the well-being of the city, e. g. with a hospital and the spending of €55 Million for a new building for the Museum Folkwang, one of the Ruhr Area's major art exhibitions.

See the article about the Krupp family for more information about the industrialization in Essen.

Politics

Old and new government seats: Essen Cathedral (front) and the city hall (background)
Old and new government seats: Essen Cathedral (front) and the city hall (background)

Historical development

The administration of Essen had for a long time been in the hands of the princess-abbesses as heads of the Imperial Abbey of Essen. The Krupp family, a prominent 400-year-old German dynasty from Essen, have become famous for their Steel production and for their manufacture of A Prince-abbot is a cleric who is a Prince of the church (like a prince-bishop in the sense of an ex officio temporal lord of a feudal entity known as prince-abbacy Imperial abbeys ( German: Reichsabteien, also Reichsklöster and Reichsstifte) were religious houses within the Holy Roman Empire which Essen Abbey ( Stift Essen) was a collegiate foundation for women of the high nobility in Essen. However, from the 14th century onward, the city council increasingly grew in importance. A city council is a form of Local government, usually covering a City or other Urban area, such as a Town. In 1335, it started choosing two burgomasters, one of whom was placed in charge of the treasury. Burgomaster (alternatively spelled Burgo[[meister]], literally translated meaning master of the town or master of the Fortress In 1377, Essen was granted Reichsunmittelbarkeit [4] but had to abandon this privilege later on. Imperial immediacy (Reichsfreiheit or Reichsunmittelbarkeit) was a privileged feudal and political status a form of statehood which a City, religious Between the early 15th and 20th centuries, the political system of Essen underwent several changes, most importantly the introduction of the Protestant Reformation in 1563, the annexation of 1802 by Prussia, and the subsequent secularization of the principality in 1803. The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time Annexation ( Latin ad, to and nexus, joining is the legal incorporation of some territory into another geo-political entity (either adjacent or non-contiguous The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising Secularization or secularisation generally refers to the process of transformation by which a Society migrates from close identification with religious institutions The territory was made part of the Prussian Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg from 1815-22, after which it became part of the Prussian Rhine Province until its dissolution in 1946. }The Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg (Provinz Jülich-Kleve-Berg was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1815-1822 The Rhine Province (Rheinprovinz also known as Rhenish Prussia ( Rheinpreußen) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free

During the time of Nazi Germany (1933-1945), the Lord Mayors were installed by the Nazi Party. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers The Lord Mayor is the title of the Mayor of a major city with special recognition The, officially National Socialist German Workers' Party, ( abbreviated NSDAP) was a Political party in Germany between 1919 and 1945 After World War II, the military government of the British occupation zone installed a new lord mayor and a municipal constitution modeled on that of British cities. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Military government can refer to conditions under either Military occupation, or Military dictatorship Military Later, the Rat der Stadt was again elected by the population. The Lord Mayor was elected by the council as its head and as the city's main representative. In Politics, representation describes how political power is alienated from most of the members of a group and vested for a certain time period in the hands of a small subset The administration was led by a full time Oberstadtdirektor. In Political science and Constitutional law, the executive is the branch of government responsible for the day-to-day management of the State. In 1999, the position of Oberstadtdirektor was abolished in North Rhine-Westphalia and the Lord Mayor became both main representative and administrative head. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen usually shortened to NRW, official short form NW is the westernmost and - in terms of population and economic output - the In addition, the population now elects the Lord Mayor directly.

City council

The last local elections took place on September 26, 2004. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " As a result, Dr. Wolfgang Reiniger (CDU) was elected Lord Mayor and the following political parties gained seats in the city council:

CDU
(Christian Democrats)		 SPD
(Social Democrats)		 GRÜNE
(Greens)		 Essener
Bürgerbündnis
(Independent)		 FDP
Alternative Essen
(Liberals)		 REP
(National Conservatives)		 PDS
(Democratic Socialists)		 DKP
(Communists)		 Essen steht AUF (MLPD)
(Marxist-Leninists)		 Total
32 28 9 2 5 2 2 1 1 82

The city is governed by a coalition of Reiniger's CDU and the Greens. The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands) is the largest Political party in Germany. A political party is a Political organization that seeks to attain and maintain political power within Government, usually by participating in electoral The Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU Christlich Demokratische Union Deutschlands) is the largest Political party in Germany. Christian democracy is a political ideology that seeks to apply Christian (and often specifically Catholic) principles to public policy Social democracy is a Political ideology of the left and centre-left The Alliance '90/The Greens ( Bündnis 90/Die Grünen) the German Green party, is a Political party in Germany whose regional A Green party' or ecologist party is a formally organized Political party based on the principles of Green politics. The Free Democratic Party ( Freie Demokratische Partei, FDP is a liberal Political party in Germany. Liberalism is a broad array of related ideas and theories of Government that consider individual Liberty to be the most important political goal The Republicans (Die Republikaner REP) is a Nationalist conservative Political party in Germany. This article is about the party before the merger with WASG in 2007 Democratic socialism is a description used by various socialist movements tendencies and organizations to emphasize the democratic character of their political orientation The German Communist Party ( German: Deutsche Kommunistische Partei, DKP is a Marxist-Leninist Communist party in Germany Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based The Marxist-Leninist Party of Germany ( German: Marxistisch-Leninistische Partei Deutschlands, MLPD is an antirevisionist Political party in Marxism-Leninism is a Communist ideological stream that emerged as the mainstream tendency amongst the Communist parties in the 1920s as it was adopted

Coat of arms

Coat of arms of Essen
Coat of arms of Essen
Handelshof hotel with modified coat of arms and unofficial motto
Handelshof hotel with modified coat of arms and unofficial motto

The coat of arms of the city of Essen is a heraldic peculiarity. Granted in 1886, it is a so-called Allianzwappen (arms of alliance) and consists of two separate shields under a single crown. Most other coats of arms of cities show a wall instead of a crown. The crown, however, does not refer to the city of Essen itself, but instead to the secularized ecclesiastical principality of Essen under the reign of the princess-abbesses. The German Mediatisation was the series of mediatisations and secularisations that occurred in Germany in 1795 &ndash 1814, during A principality (or princedom) is a monarchical feudatory or Sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a monarch with the title of Prince Essen Abbey ( Stift Essen) was a collegiate foundation for women of the high nobility in Essen. The heraldically right shield shows the double-headed Imperial Eagle of the Holy Roman Empire, granted to the city in 1623. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in The left shield is one of the eldest arms of Essen and shows a sword that people believed was used to behead the city's patrons Saints Cosmas and Damian. The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members Saints Cosmas and Damian (Κοσμάς και Δαμιανός (died ca People tend to connect the sword in the left shield with one found in the Cathedral Treasury. This sword, however, is much younger [5]. A slightly modified and more heraldically correct version of the arms can be found on the roof of the Handelshof hotel near the main station.


Sister Cities

Essen's sister cities are:

Industry and infrastructure

Major companies based in Essen

The RWE Tower
The RWE Tower

Essen is seat to several large companies, among them Germany's fifth-largest industrial enterprise RWE AG. Sunderland (, or /ˈsʌn(dlən/ is a City in Tyne and Wear, England. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Tampere ( ˈtɑmpɛrɛ Swedish: Tammerfors or) is a city in southern Finland located between two lakes Näsijärvi and Pyhäjärvi Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Grenoble is a city and commune in south-east France situated at the foot of the Alps where the Drac joins the Isère River. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Nizhny Novgorod (Ни́жний Но́вгород Nižnij Novgorod) colloquially shortened as Nizhny, is the fourth largest city in Russia Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Tel Aviv-Yafo (תֵּל ־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ تل أبيب Tal ʾAbīb) (usually Tel Aviv) is the second-largest city in Israel For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The company RWE is not related to Ralph Waldo Emerson. RWE AG (until 1990 Rheinisch-Westfälisches Elektrizitätswerk Another great company located in Essen is one of the world's leading Industry Automation company: ifm electronic. The ThyssenKrupp industrial conglomerate with its seats in Essen and Duisburg originates from a 1999 merger between Duisburg-based Thyssen AG and Essen-based Friedrich Krupp AG Hoesch-Krupp. Duisburg (ˈdyːsbʊɐ̯k is a German city in the western part of the Ruhr Area ( Ruhrgebiet) in North Rhine-Westphalia. The Krupp family, a prominent 400-year-old German dynasty from Essen, have become famous for their Steel production and for their manufacture of Other companies in Essen include Germany's largest construction company, Hochtief AG (a former RWE subsidiary), as well as ALDI Nord, Arcandor AG, Medion AG and Deichmann (Europe's largest shoe retailer). HOCHTIEF Aktiengesellschaft ( is Germany's largest construction company For similarly named settlements see Aldie, short for " AL brecht DI scount" is a Discount Supermarket Arcandor AG ( KarstadtQuelle AG until June 30 2007 ( is a Holding company located in Essen, Germany that operates and oversees a number of Medion AG is a German company which sells consumer electronics products See also Shoes Sportswear Official Homepages Deichmann Schuhe English Homepage Deichmann With Eon-Ruhrgas AG, Germany's largest gas company also has its seat in Essen. The Coca-Cola Company had also originally established their German headquarters in Essen (around 1930), where it remained until 2003, when it was moved to the capital Berlin. The Coca-Cola Company ( is the world's largest beverage company largest manufacturer distributor and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and Syrups in the world Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany.

Fairs

On the MESSE ESSEN fair grounds, some 50 trade fairs are held each year, among them the world's biggest consumer fair for gaming (SPIEL, also occasion of the presentation of the Essen Feather and of the Deutscher Spiele Preis), the FIBO (fitness & wellness) and YOU, the largest European youth fair. Internationale Spieltage SPIEL, often called Essen after the city where it is held is an annual four-day game Trade fair held in October (Thursday to the following The Essen Feather (German Essener Feder) is an award for German-style board games given at the Deutscher Spiele Preis ceremony at the Spiel The Deutscher Spiele Preis (German for German Game Prize) is an award for German-style games It was started in 1990 by the German magazine "Die Pöppel-Revue" Other important fairs include E-WORLD - ENERGY & WATER, 'Security' (security and fire protection) and Essen Motor Show. The Essen Motor Show is an Auto show. Thomas (as cited in References called the Essen Show "Germany’s version of SEMA"

Media

The Westdeutscher Rundfunk has a studio in Essen, which is responsible for the central Ruhr Area. The Westdeutscher Rundfunk (WDR, officially " Westdeutscher Rundfunk Köln " translated "Western German Broadcasting Cologne" is a German The Ruhr Area, ( German Ruhrgebiet, colloquial Ruhrpott, Kohlenpott or Revier) is an Urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia Each day, it produces a 30-minute regional evening news magazine (called Lokalzeit Ruhr), a 5-minute afternoon news program, and several radio news programs. The Essen-based WAZ-Mediengruppe (WAZ Media Group) is one of the most important (print) media companies in Europe and publishes the Ruhr Area's two most important daily newspapers, Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung (WAZ; 580. 000 copies) and Neue Ruhr/Rhein Zeitung (NRZ; 180. 000 copies). In Essen, the WAZ Group also publishes the local Borbecker Nachrichten (at times Germany's largest local newspaper) and Werdener Nachrichten, both of which are formerly independent weekly newspapers for parts of Essen.

Education

One renowned educational institution in Essen is the Folkwang Academy, a University of the Arts founded in 1927, with locations in Essen, Duisburg, Bochum and Dortmund. The Folkwang Academy ( Folkwang Hochschule) is a school of advanced studies in music theater and dance located in Essen, Germany, with additional facilities Bochum (ˈboːχʊm is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Dortmund (ˈdɔʁtmʊnt is a City in Germany, located in the Bundesland of North Rhine-Westphalia, in the Ruhr area.

The University of Duisburg-Essen, which resulted from a 2003 merger of the universities of Essen and Duisburg, is one of Germany's "youngest" universities. One of its primary research areas is urban systems (i. e. , sustainable development, logistics and transportation), a theme largely inspired by the highly urbanized Ruhr area. Other fields include nanotechnology, discrete mathematics and "education in the 21st century". Nanotechnology, sometimes shortened to nanotech, refers to a field of Applied science whose theme is the control of matter on an Atomic and Molecular Discrete mathematics, also called finite mathematics, is the study of mathematical structures that are fundamentally discrete in the sense of not supporting or requiring the Another university in Essen is the private Fachhochschule für Oekonomie und Management, a university of applied sciences with over 6000 students and branches in 15 other major cities throughout Germany.

Medicine

Essen offers a highly diversified health care system with more than 1,000 resident doctors, 350 dentists and almost 6,000 beds in 13 hospitals, including a university hospital. The university hospital dates back to 1909, when the city council established a municipal hospital; although it was largely destroyed during World War II, it was later rebuilt, and finally gained the title of a university hospital in 1963. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including It focuses on diseases of the circulatory system (West German Heart Centre Essen), oncology and transplantation medicine, with the department of bone marrow transplantation being the second-largest of its kind in the world. 7 Diseases of the circulatory system (390-459 acute Rheumatic Fever (390-392 ( Rheumatic fever without mention of heart involvement Oncology is the branch of medicine that studies Tumors ( Cancer) and seeks to understand their development diagnosis treatment and prevention

Transportation

The road network of Essen consists of 3,227 streets, which in total have a length of 1,595 km (991 mi).

Freeways

Ruhrschnellweg
Ruhrschnellweg

The Ruhrschnellweg (A40) runs directly through the city, dividing it roughly in half. Exit list | Netherlands |-|colspan="3"|---- |} Exit list | Netherlands |-|colspan="3"|---- |} A tunnel was built in the 1970s, when the then-Bundesstraße was upgraded to Autobahn standards, so that the A40 is hidden from public view in the inner-city district near the main station. Bundesstraßen are German and Austrian federal highways The main distinguishing characteristic between German Bundesstraßen and the world-famous (German ˈaʊtoːbaːn plural Autobahnen; English /ˈɔːtəʊbɑːn/ is the German word for a major high- Speed Road restricted to motor As with most freeways in the Ruhr Area, the Ruhrschnellweg suffers from congestion during rush hours, which is why many people in the area do not call it Ruhrschnellweg (Ruhr fast way) but Ruhrschleichweg (Ruhr crawling way). The Ruhr Area, ( German Ruhrgebiet, colloquial Ruhrpott, Kohlenpott or Revier) is an Urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia Other major Autobahns include the A52, which crosses the city limits at Kettwig, continues past the fairground through the southern borough of Rüttenscheid, and then merges with the Ruhrschnellweg at the Autobahndreieck Essen-Ost junction. (German ˈaʊtoːbaːn plural Autobahnen; English /ˈɔːtəʊbɑːn/ is the German word for a major high- Speed Road restricted to motor Exit list |-|colspan="3"|----| permanently interrupted |-|colspan="3"|----|-|colspan="3"|---- | interrupted (extension planned Kettwig is the southernmost borough of the city of Essen in western Germany and until 1975 was a town in its own right Exit list | Netherlands |-|colspan="3"|---- |} In the field of Road transport, an interchange is a road junction that typically A proposed extension to replace B224 in the northern boroughs has not yet materialized. In the northern borough of Karnap, the A42 briefly touches Essen territory, serving as an interconnection between the cities of Oberhausen and Gelsenkirchen. Exit list |} Oberhausen (ˈoːbɐhaʊzən is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Gelsenkirchen (ˌgɛlzənˈkɪʁçən is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

Public transport

Christmas market in Essen, sight from Essen Hauptbahnhof
Christmas market in Essen, sight from Essen Hauptbahnhof

Local transport is carried out by Essener Verkehrs-AG, a public company operating the Essen Stadtbahn (partly with used Docklands Light Rail stock), 7 tram and 48 bus lines (83 and 459 km (285 mi) total length, respectively). A Christmas market, also known as Christkindlmarkt, Christkindlesmarkt, Christkindlmarket, and Weihnachtsmarkt is the Hauptbahnhof for the city of Essen in western Germany. The Docklands Light Railway (DLR is a Light rail system serving the redeveloped Docklands area of East London England. As a speciality, Essen has a Spurbus guided bus line on the median of the A40 autobahn connecting the city centre to the borough of Kray, as well as a Stadtbahn line on the median of the same autobahn leading towards Mülheim. Guided buses are Buses steered for part or all of their route by external means usually on a dedicated track. Exit list | Netherlands |-|colspan="3"|---- |} See also Light rail Stadtbahn (literally in German: city railway) or Premetro, is a Tramway or Light railway which

Trams on the Essen Stadtbahn
Trams on the Essen Stadtbahn

Via Essen Hauptbahnhof, the city is connected to the InterCityExpress network of high-speed trains and the general long distance networks operated by Deutsche Bahn. is the Hauptbahnhof for the city of Essen in western Germany. The InterCityExpress or ICE (German pronunciation) is a system of high-speed trains predominantly running in Germany and neighbouring countries Deutsche Bahn AG ( DB AG, DBAG or DB) is the German national Railway company Minor so-called Regionalbahnhöfe (regional railway stations) are situated in the boroughs of Altenessen, Borbeck, Kray (south) and Steele, and 20 further S-Bahn stations in the whole urban area. This article has been partially translated from the German Wikipedia article The first railway line to run over now-Essen territory was the Köln-Mindener Eisenbahn, which opened in 1847 with a stop at Altenessen. The station still exists, though it was renamed from Essen to "Essen-Altenessen" when the Bergisch-Märkische Eisenbahn from Mülheim an der Ruhr to Bochum opened in 1862. The Bergisch-Märkische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft was a Railway company in Germany, developing the railway network in the Ruhr area together with the Mülheim an der Ruhr, also called "City on the River", is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany. Bochum (ˈboːχʊm is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

All local and DB regional traffic is subject to the fare structure of the VRR transportation association. The Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr (abbreviated VRR) is the public transport association covering the area of the Rhine-Ruhr Megalopolis in Germany

Sights in Essen

Zollverein Industrial Complex

Shaft XII of Zollverein Coal Mine
Shaft XII of Zollverein Coal Mine
Main article: Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex

Coal mine (built in 1932, closed in 1986) and coking plant (built in 1961, closed in 1993). The Zollverein Coal Mine Industrial Complex is a large former industrial site in the city of Essen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Visitors now have access to the precincts, which frequently house temporary art exhibitions. Once the largest coal mine in the world, it has been awarded World Cultural Heritage status by UNESCO. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex

Villa Hügel

Built at the end of the 19th century by industrial magnate Alfred Krupp as a representative seat to his family, the real estate register solely lists the 269-room mansion (8,100 m²/87,190 sq ft) surrounded by a park of 28 ha (69. The Krupp family, a prominent 400-year-old German dynasty from Essen, have become famous for their Steel production and for their manufacture of M^2 redirects here For other uses see M². CM2 redirects here The square foot is an Imperial unit / US customary unit (non- SI non- metric) of Area, used mainly in the United States 2 acres) as a single-family house. Today, the mansion houses exhibitions and music concerts.

Essen Cathedral

A 14th-century cathedral with a westwork and crypt from the 10th century, rebuilt in 1958. A westwork (also westwerk is the monumental west-facing entrance section of a Carolingian, Ottonian, or Romanesque church. In terms of European architecture a crypt (from the Latin crypta and the Greek κρυπτη, kryptē) is a stone chamber or It is not spectacular in appearance, but has some exquisite artworks from around 1000 AD on display in the attached treasure house: a crown of Emperor Otto III and the oldest preserved sculpture of the Virgin Mary in the world (Goldene Madonna, commonly referred to as Essen sein Schatz, to translate literally "Essen it´s treasure"). Otto III (980 &ndash January 23, 1002) was the fourth ruler of the Saxon or Ottonian dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire. The Golden Madonna of Essen is a gilded sculpture of the Virgin Mary and part of the treasury of Essen Cathedral, formerly the church of Essen Abbey, in Vernacular refers to the Native language of a country or a locality

Alte Synagoge

The Jewish community inaugurated the synagogue in 1913. A synagogue (from Greek: grc συναγωγή transliterated synagogē, "assembly" he בית כנסת beit knesset, "house of Destroyed by fire in the Nazi pogroms of 1938, it was restored after World War II. Kristallnacht ( literally "Crystal night" or the Night of Broken Glass was a Pogrom in Nazi Germany on November 9–10 1938 It stands as the largest synagogue north of the Alps.

Essen city hall

Germany's highest city hall (106 m/348 ft), built from 1971 to 1979. Free guided tours offer a view from the 22nd floor, overlooking the city from 100 m (330 ft) above ground.

Limbecker Platz

The shopping mall is once of the biggest shopping malls in Germany. Because still the shopping centre is in the construction phase, only the first part was opened. On the March, 13th 2008 the first part was opened with 100 shops on 35,000 square metres.

german Article "Limbecker Platz"

RWE tower

The 2nd-highest skyscraper in North Rhine Westphalia and corporate headquarters of the second largest electric power company in Germany (after E.ON) RWE AG, situated across the street from the Aalto theatre (Opernplatz 1). The RWE Tower is the highest building in the Ruhr area and one of the highest building in germany North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen usually shortened to NRW, official short form NW is the westernmost and - in terms of population and economic output - the EON AG ( an energy corporation based in Düsseldorf, Germany, is the largest of the 30 members of the DAX Stock index of major The company RWE is not related to Ralph Waldo Emerson. RWE AG (until 1990 Rheinisch-Westfälisches Elektrizitätswerk

Aalto Theater

Aalto Theater
Aalto Theater

Popular opera house designed by Finnish architect Alvar Aalto, opened in 1988. Hugo Alvar Henrik Aalto ( February 3, 1898 — May 11, 1976) was a Finnish Architect and Designer, sometimes

Essen-Werden

Once a town of its own, it became a borough of Essen in 1929; the center of the town has partly retained its medieval townscape with many pubs and restaurants. Werden is a borough of the city of Essen in Germany. It belongs to the city district IX Werden/Kettwig/Bredeney and has 9998 inhabitants as It stands near the Lake Baldeney and hosts the Folkwang College of Music and Performing Arts.

Kettwig

Located south of the Ruhr river, and also once a town of its own, it was incorporated in 1975. Until today, residents of Kettwig can only be called using an area code different from that of the rest of Essen. Additionally (allegedly because of relatively high church tax incomes), the Archbishop of Cologne managed to keep Kettwig part of the Archbishopric of Cologne, whereas all other parts of Essen and some neighbouring cities constitute the Diocese of Essen (Ruhrbistum). The Electorate of Cologne (Kurfürstentum Köln or Kurköln) was an ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire and existed from the 10th to the early 19th

Notable residents

References

Footnotes

  1. ^ http://www.essen.de/deutsch/Rathaus/Statistik/Einwohner_2006.pdf
  2. ^ http://www.essen.de/Dokumente/Download%20Bau-%20und%20Immobilienwirtschaft%20deutsch_2006.pdf ("Schreibtisch des Ruhrgebiets")
  3. ^ Geoklima 2. 1
  4. ^ History of Essen (in German)
  5. ^ Origin of the sword in the Essen Cathedral Treasury

External links


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