State of Espírito Santo
Motto Trabalha e Confia (Portuguese) "Work and Trust"
Capital		Vitória
Largest city		Vila Velha
Demonym		capixaba or espiritossantense
Government
-	Governor	Paulo Hartung
-	Vice Governor	Ricardo Ferraço
Area
-	Total	46.077,519 km² (23th)
Population
-	2006 estimate	3,464,285 (14th)
-	2005 census	3,412,746
-	Density	75. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Vitória is the capital of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Vila Velha is a coastal town in Espírito Santo, Brazil. It lies across from Vitória, the state capital A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions we list here Surface areas between 100000 km² and 1000000 km² There are 27 States of Brazil, or Estados in Portuguese which are the federal states of Brazil, plus the Federal District which holds the capital city In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. There are 26 States of Brazil, or Estados in Portuguese which are the federal states of Brazil, plus the Federal District which holds the capital city Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 2/km² (7th)
GDP		2005 estimate
-	Total	R$ 47,191,000,000 (11th)
-	Per capita	R$ 13,846 (5th)
HDI (2000)		0. There are 27 States of Brazil, or Estados in Portuguese which are the federal states of Brazil, plus the Federal District which holds the capital city Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This article lists Brazilian states by Gross Domestic Product. Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head with Per meaning 'through' or 'by' This article lists Brazilian states by Gross Domestic Product. The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. 765 (medium) (11th)
Abbreviation		BR-ES
Time zone		BRT (UTC-3)
-	Summer (DST)	BRST (UTC-2)

For the Portuguese company, see Espírito Santo Financial Group

Espírito Santo (pronounced [(e)ʃs.'pi.ɾi.tu 'sɐ̃.tu]^[1]) is one of the states of southeastern Brazil, often referred to by the abbreviation "ES". This is a list of Brazilian states by Human Development Index as included in the 2008 United Nations Development Program 's Report compiled on the basis of 2005 data and published ISO 3166-2 is the second part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO ISO 3166-2BR is an ISO standard which defines Geocodes it is the subset of ISO 3166-2 which applies to Brazil. Brazil has three Time zones It also observes summer time; however not only do the starting and ending dates often change from year to year it is also not followed Areas using UTC−3 Single zone countries without DST Suriname Single zone countries with DST Summer is one of the four Temperate Seasons Summer marks the warmest time of year with the longest days Daylight saving time ( DST Brazil has three Time zones It also observes summer time; however not only do the starting and ending dates often change from year to year it is also not followed UTC−2 is used as offset for Argentina (DST only except for San Luis Province) Brazil: Ocean Islands - The Espírito Santo Financial Group is an international group of companies based in Portugal. The Federative Republic of Brazil is a union of twenty-six estados ("states" singular estado) and formed by the states and one district the Distrito |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld With its capital at Vitória and largest city at Vila Velha. Vitória is the capital of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Vila Velha is a coastal town in Espírito Santo, Brazil. It lies across from Vitória, the state capital Those who are born in the state are known as "capixabas", although the precise word is "espiritossantenses". The name means literally "holy spirit" after the Holy Ghost of Christianity. In mainstream Christianity, the Holy Spirit or Holy Ghost is one of the three entities of the Holy Trinity which make up the single substance Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings With an extensive coastline (40% of the territory is on the coast), the State has the main ports of the country but the beaches are the best tourist attractions. ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo Vitória, the capital, is on an island, next to Guarapari, well known by its sands. Vitória is the capital of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. In the extreme north is Itaúnas part of the municipality of Conceição da Barra, whose sand dunes and forró are famous. In physical Geography, a dune is a Hill of Sand built by Aeolian processes. Still on the coast, the typical gastronomy is another attraction with the moquecas capixabas and many fruits from the ocean and seafood. An ocean (from Greek, ''Okeanos'' (Oceanus) is a major body of saline water, and a principal component of the Hydrosphere. Seafood is any Sea Animal or Seaweed that is served as Food, or is suitable for eating particularly saltwater animals such In the interior of the State are the many natural beauties, as the parks of Pedra Azul and Alto Caparaó, and the Italian and German colonies. A park is a protected area of Land and Water, usually in its natural or semi-natural (landscaped state and set aside for some purpose often to do with human The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as

Contents 1 Geography 1.1 Rivers 1.2 Climate 1.3 Lakes 1.4 Topography 2 Location 2.1 Capixabas 3 History 3.1 Colonial Era 3.2 Political history 3.2.1 Economics 4 Demographics 4.1 Amerindians 4.2 Portuguese 4.3 Spaniards 4.4 Africans 4.5 Rhinean and Bavarian Germans 4.6 Pomeranian Germans 4.7 Italians 4.8 Tyroleans, Romanians, East-European Gypsies 5 Economy 6 Interesting facts 7 Education 7.1 Educational institutions 8 Infrastructure 8.1 National Airport 8.2 Notable Structures 8.3 Highways 8.4 Port 9 Flag 10 Municipalities 11 References 12 See also

Geography

With 46. 180 square kilometers, it is about the size of Estonia, or half the size of Portugal, and has a variety of habitats including coastal planes, lakes, mountain forest, mangroves and many others.

The islands of Trindade and Martim Vaz, 715 km East of Vitória in the Southern Atlantic Ocean, also belong to Espirito Santo state. The islands of Trindade (occasionally called Trinidad and Martim Vaz (also called Martin Vaz which are located about 1200 km East of Vitória in the Vitória is the capital of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil.

Rivers

The main river in the state is the Doce. The Sweet River ( Rio Doce in Portuguese) is a river in southeast Brazil, which has an extension of 853 km Other important river basins include the Santa Maria River Basin which is the northern branch of rivers which join the sea at Vitoria, and Jucu River Basin which flows into the sea at roughly the same place, but corresponds to the southern branch (which seems to come out of Vitoria). (See also Espírito Santo Municipalities)

Climate

Espírito Santo's climate is tropical along the coast, with dry winters and rainy summers. Espírito Santo state ( estado in Portuguese) and all Municipalities ( municípios in Portuguese in alphabetical order A tropical climate is a kind of Climate typical in the Tropics. North of Doce River it's generally drier and also hot. The Sweet River ( Rio Doce in Portuguese) is a river in southeast Brazil, which has an extension of 853 km In the moutaineous regions in the south and south west of the state, the tropical climate is strongly influenced by altitude, and the average temperatures are colder. Altitude is the Elevation of a point or object from a known level or datum (plural data

Lakes

One of the most important lake districts in Brazil lies on the banks of the Doce river. The area contains some 26 large lakes, the biggest of which is called Juparanã Lake.

Topography

The state can be divided into two areas: the low lying coastline and the highland area known as Serra (where one can find the 2,890 m Pico da Bandeira mountain), which is part of the larger Serra do Caparaó, the Caparaó Highlands. Pico da Bandeira is the third highest Mountain in Brazil, situated near the border of Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo states

In the map to the right it is in the gray area in the extreme southwest of the state, and is shared with Minas Gerais. Minas Gerais is one of the 26 states of Brazil, the second most populous and fourth largest by area in the federation

Location

This Brazilian state is in the east of the southeastern subdivision of Brazil, which also contains the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld ( is a state in Brazil. It is the major industrial and economic powerhouse of the Brazilian economy Minas Gerais is one of the 26 states of Brazil, the second most populous and fourth largest by area in the federation Rio de Janeiro ( pron ˈhiu dʒi ʒʌˈnejɾu) is one of the 26 states of Brazil. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean (E), the state of Bahia (N), the state of Minas Gerais (N) and (W), and the state of Rio de Janeiro (S). Bahia (baˈia is one of the 26 States of Brazil, and is located in the northeastern part of the country on the Atlantic coast Minas Gerais is one of the 26 states of Brazil, the second most populous and fourth largest by area in the federation Rio de Janeiro ("River of January" ˈhiw dʒi ʒʌˈnejɾu in Brazilian Portuguese, /ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛroʊ/ in English is the second largest city of Brazil Espírito Santo's main cities (outside of the Greater Vitória region) are Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Colatina, Linhares, São Mateus and Aracruz. Greater Vitória is an administrative entity in Brazil made up of the following municipalities Cariacica, Fundão, Guarapari, Serra Cachoeiro de Itapemirim is the name of a municipality and of its capital located in the south of Espírito Santo, Brazil, on the banks of the Itapemirim river Geography Colatina is the second largest city in the north of Espírito Santo, Brazil, 127km north of the capital Vitória and on the trainline For the place in Portugal see Linhares Portugal. Linhares is the name of a Municipality in the state of Espírito Santo, São Mateus is a Municipality located in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. Aracruz is the name of a municipality and its capital on the central eastern coast of Espírito Santo, Brazil.

Capixabas

There are doubts as to the origin of the term Capixabas, as those born in Espírito Santo are called. It may derive from the name of a local tribe, from when the Portuguese arrived in the area during the colonial period. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. A more accepted explanation states that the local Amerindians gave the name to the inhabitants of Vitória island, which means plantation or even corn plantation, as plantations of various crops were interspersed with their houses. For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States. "Capixaba" is a word from Tupi-Guarani, a group of languages of some of Brazil's native population. Tupi-Guarani ( is the name of the most important subfamily of the Tupi languages of South America. It means " cabelo de milho" (Corn Hair) because when the Portuguese arrived they were blonde so their hair reminded the native people of the golden colour of the corn hair.

History

Espírito Santo was first inhabited by Amerindians, whose different tribes were usually semi-nomadic. The area was colonized by the Portuguese, and subsequently descendants of black slaves, and, later, by European immigrants of various origins.

Colonial Era

The area had been granted to Vasco Coutinho just after the discovery of Brazil in 1500. Vasco Coutinho is the name of the founder of the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld He arrived in the district (capitania, in Portuguese) of Espírito Santo on May 23, 1535, bringing 60 soldiers, slaves and servants with him. A captaincy is a historical Administrative division of the former Spanish and Portuguese Colonial empires Each was governed by a Captain Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne

The capital of the district was at first Vila Velha, but because of frequent raids by Amerindians, it was moved to the current capital of Vitória, founded on September 8, 1551, on an island near Vila Velha. Vila Velha is a coastal town in Espírito Santo, Brazil. It lies across from Vitória, the state capital Vitória is the capital of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Vila Velha is a coastal town in Espírito Santo, Brazil. It lies across from Vitória, the state capital

In 1556, after the arrival of missionaries, Serra, Nova Almeida and Santa Cruz were founded. A missionary is a member of a Religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith someone who proselytizes. Serra is the name of a municipality and its capital in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Nova Almeida is a town in the Municipality of Serra, in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil.

Political history

The district remained under the influence of Coutinho's family for 140 years. It remained a district for 287 years until 1821, when it became a province. Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year

With the Brazilian declaration of independence in 1822, the District Directors became known as Provincial Presidents. Year 1822 (MDCCCXXII was a Common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Sunday of the In the same way the district of Espírito Santo became Espírito Santo Province. During this period in 1860 the Emperor Pedro II, who was on good terms with the provincial President, visited the state on one of his tours of Brazil. Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting Pedro II, (ˈpedɾu seˈgũdu December 2, 1825 December 5, 1891) was the second and last Emperor of Brazil. There are still surviving accounts of what he saw and recorded.

In 1889, with the advent of the Brazilian Republic, Espírito Santo finally became a state. Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

After the adoption of a republican system, Afonso Cláudio de Freitas Rosa became, by appointment, the first governor of Espírito Santo State. Afonso Cláudio de Freitas Rosa ( Santa Leopoldina ES, August 2, 1859 - Rio de Janeiro RJ, June 16, 1934) or simply Below is a list of Governors of the Brazilian state of Espirito Santo, since the creation of this administrative function along with the proclamation of Republic in He was followed by four other appointed governors (José Horácio Costa, Constante Gomes Sodré, Henrique da Silva Coutinho and Antonio Gomez Aguirre) until the inauguration of the first elected governor of Espirito Santo, Alfeu Adolfo Monjardim de Andrade e Almeida, in June 7th 1891. José Horácio Costa was the second president (governor of the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. Constante Gomes Sodré was the third president (governor of the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. Henrique da Silva Coutinho was the fourth president (governor of the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. Antonio Gomez Aguirre was the fifth president (governor of the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. Alfeu Adolfo Monjardim de Andrade e Almeida, 1st and only Baron of Monjardim ( Vitória, Espírito Santo, April 20/28 1836 &ndash

After Getúlio Vargas took power, the governors were elected by the national congress, and after this, a number of interveners were sent to govern the state. Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (ʒeˈtulju doɾˈnɛlis vaɾgɐs April 19, 1882 – August 24, 1954) served as president of A short period of democracy returned when Carlos Monteiro Lindenberg was elected by Capixabas. Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system However, after the 1964 military coup interveners were once again chosen by the national assembly. Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. After Cristiano Dias Lopes, Arthur Carlos Gerhard Santos, Elcio Álvares and Eurico Rezende were chosen this way, open elections were used to choose all leaders from Gerson Camata through to José Inácio Ferreira, who came into office in 1999. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar)

Economics

During the first 300 years, the main cash crop was sugarcane, until 1850 when coffee, in high demand by Europeans, overtook it. Sugarcane ( Saccharum) is a genus of 6 to 37 species (depending on taxonomic interpretation of tall perennial grasses (family Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae For the game see 1850 (board game. 1850 ( MDCCCL) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link During the colonial era, there were also periods of "gold rush" when agriculture was neglected, leading to food shortages, but not much gold was found in Espirito Santo. Another factor that impeded expansion was the prohibition of roads opening into Minas Gerais, where it was feared smuggling would be encouraged through Espírito Santo.

Demographics

According to the IBGE of 2007, there were 3,474,000 people residing in the state. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics or IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Gehjgygmmliografia e Estatística is the agency responsible for Statistical Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The population density was 75. 2 inh. /km². Urbanization: 82. Urbanizationn (also spelled urbanisation) is the physical growth of Urban areas into rural or natural land as a result of population in-migration to an existing 2% (2006); Population growth: 2% (1991-2000); Houses: 1,056,000 (2006). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Population growth is the change in Population over time and can be quantified as the change in the number of individuals in a population using "per unit time" for Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. House generally refers to a Shelter or Building that is a Dwelling or place for Habitation by Human beings. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[2]

The last PNAD (National Research for Sample of Domiciles) census revealed the following numbers: 1,761,318 Brown people (50. In Brazil, the Pardos are a mixture of Whites Blacks and Amerindians, varying from light to dark complexion as used by the Brazilian Institute 7%), 1,438,236 White people (41. According to the 2006 census White Brazilians make up 497% of Brazil's population or around 93 million people 4%), 260,000 Black people (7. Afro-Brazilian, or Black Brazilian, is the term used to racially categorize Brazilian citizens who are black or Multiracial 5%), 13,000 Asian or Amerindian people (0. An Asian Brazilian is a Brazilian born person of Asian ancestry The Indigenous peoples in Brazil ( Portuguese: povos indígenas) comprise a large number of distinct Ethnic groups who inhabited the country prior to 4%). ^[3]

Amerindians

The pre-colonial Amerindians groups in Espírito Santo were the Tupiniquim, the Temininó, the Aymoré, the Puri and the Botocudo. Tupiniquim is the name of an Amerindian tribe who now only live in three reservations ( reservas indígenas in Portuguese WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Puri is a city in the east Indian state of Orissa. Botocudo (from Portuguese for botoque, a plug in allusion to the wooden disks or plugs worn in their lips and ears is the foreign name for a tribe of South They have largely been absorbed into the Portuguese-Brazilian civilization, few of them still living in reservations following subsistence farming methods and trying to preserve their fragile culture. Especially back in 1500s, a number of towns in Espírito Santo were founded with primarily Amerindian populations converted to Catholicism, such as Serra and Santa Cruz. Serra is the name of a municipality and its capital in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Amerindian food has made its way permanently into Capixaba life, featuring the fish-based Moqueca Capixaba as the state dish, among other local typical sea-food dishes. Moqueca is a traditional Brazilian Seafood stew It basically consists of Fish, Onions Garlic, Tomatoes, Cilantro

Portuguese

The first party of Portuguese colonists arrived in the area called Vila Velha in May 23, 1535 along with Vasco Fernandes Coutinho, the first Portuguese "Captain" of Espirito Santo. The Portuguese people (os Portugueses literally the Portuguese) are the Ethnic group or Nation native to the country of Portugal, in the west Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Later they also settled on Vitoria Island in the Bay of Vitória.

Spaniards

Spaniards, especially from the Basque Provinces, settled in Espirito Santo in the times of the Iberian Union (1580-1640). Iberian Union is a modern day term that refers to the historical political unit that governed all of the Iberian peninsula south of the Pyrenees from 1580–1640 Their main activity was the hunting of the whales, which were still easily found along Espirito Santo's coast at that time. Highlighting this fact we find that one of Espirito Santo's History's most important heroins, Maria Ortiz, who took part on the resistance against the Dutch invaders in the early XVII Century, was of Basque origin. This trend of Spanish immigration ceased after the Portuguese monarchy's restoration (see Iberian Union), however, a later wave of Spaniard immigrants would arrive in larger numbers in the late XIX century. Iberian Union is a modern day term that refers to the historical political unit that governed all of the Iberian peninsula south of the Pyrenees from 1580–1640

Africans

The first African slaves in Espirito Santo arrived in Vitoria in 1609. And years of slavery ensued. However, Espirito Santo was still to play a significant part in the Brazilian abolitionist movement in the guise of the Espirito Santo slave rebellion of 1848-1849, which demanded intervention of Imperial troops. Slavery started losing its economical importance in Espirito Santo after such event.

Rhinean and Bavarian Germans

A strong local influence, Germans were among the first colonists to cultivate land away from the coastal zone. The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as The first German settlement, Santa Isabel, was founded in 1844. Santa Isabel is a small town in the Municipality of Domingos Martins, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Like today's Capixaba Italian community, they still hold on to many aspects of their ancestor's homeland's culture, still having active traditional dance groups and festivals such as the Sommerfest in Domingos Martins. Domingos Martins is the name of a municipality and its capital in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. Testimony to this is the small museum to colonization in Domingos Martins where one can find old photos, artifacts and documents pertaining to that settlement movement.

Pomeranian Germans

Espírito Santo is home to the biggest community of Pommersch/Pomeranian speakers of the world. For the Low German dialects also called Pomeranian see Pommersch. Pomeranian (Pommersch is a group of East Low German Dialects named after Pomerania ( Pommern) More than a century after arriving to Espírito Santo, the Pomeranian continues to be spoken and it remains an important part of Espírito Santo's heritage for many people. Pomeranian (Pommersch is a group of East Low German Dialects named after Pomerania ( Pommern) Some speakers still don't speak Portuguese, needing on occasion, the aid of a translator. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. To this day they continue centuries old customs within their communities. One of the pillars of which is marriage.

Italians

Espírito Santo has many people of Italian origin. They founded many towns in the area and have significant influence on Capixaba society. There are still a number of traditional Italian dance groups in the state and Italian culture festivals, such as the one held in the town of Venda Nova do Imigrante. Venda Nova do Imigrante is a municipality with a capital of the same name in east central Espírito Santo, Brazil. Italian food is also a large part of Capixaba cuisine, and even industry. Italian cheeses like mozzarella are produced locally, and pasta is also made there, with Firenze Pastas being a local producer. Mozzarella is a generic term for several kinds of originally Italian Cheeses that are made using spinning and then cutting (hence the name the Italian verb Small scale farming, which is recently turneing increasingly towards agrotourism, is today returning to Italian roots to exploit that market. Agritourism is a style of vacation that normally takes place on a Farm. This is another prominent aspect of Capixaba life.

Tyroleans, Romanians, East-European Gypsies

It's difficult to pin down the exact numbers of immigrants of each of these groups to Espirito Santo because they usually arrived under a common Austrian-Hungarian passport, or, in the case of the Tyroleans, under a Swiss passport. An important fact regarding Tyrolean immigration was that these groups were formed by young couples who left Tyrol due to the Austrian laws that imposed difficulties for Tyrolean men to marry before the age of 30 (they were supposed to remain in the Austrian army for a longer time), so large numbers of them started crossing the border to marry in Switzerland, and to leave Europe after the wedding. Tyrol is a region in Western Central Europe, which included the present day Austrian state of Tyrol (consisting of North Tyrol and East Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Tyrolean settlers were both of German and Italian language and concentrated in the region of Santa Leopoldina. Romanians and Roma usually arrived under Austrian passports. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins Large groups of Gypsies settled in Espirito Santo's countryside in the late 1800s, being absorbed by the mainstream of its society later.

Economy

The service sector is the largest component of GDP at 50%, followed by the industrial sector at 44%. Agriculture represents 5% of GDP (2004). Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Espírito Santo exports: manufacturing of iron and steel 35. Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 8%, ore of iron 25. Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 2%, paper 17. Paper is thin material mainly used for writing upon printing upon or packaging 6%, coffee 7. CoFFEE is an Open source Software for computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL in a digital classroom 7%, granite 6. Granite (ˈɡrænɪt is a common and widely occurring type of intrusive, Felsic, igneous rock. 5% (2002). See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.

Share of the Brazilian economy: 2. 2% (2005). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

The main crops of the state are rice, coffee (one of the most important cash crops in Brazil), cacao, sugarcane, beans, fruit (mostly bananas and papayas), and maize. Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld CACAO is a research Java Virtual Machine developed at Vienna University of Technology. Bean is a common name for large plant Seeds of several genera of the family Fabaceae (formerly Leguminosae used for human food or animal The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology. For the fruit see Banana. For other meanings see Banana (disambiguation. The papaya (from Carib via Spanish) is the Fruit of the Plant Carica papaya, in the genus Carica. Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica The livestock industry, important throughout Brazil, is primarily cattle raised for milk and beef. Livestock is the term used to refer (singularly or plurally to a Domesticated Animal intentionally reared in an agricultural setting to produce such as Food Cattle, colloquially referred to as cows, are domesticated Ungulates a member of the Subfamily Bovinae of the family Milk is an opaque white liquid produced by the Mammary glands of female Mammals (including Monotremes. Beef is the Culinary name for Meat from Bovines especially domestic Cattle (cows Industry consists mainly of canning, forestry, textiles, iron and steel works. Canning is a method of preserving food in which the food is processed and sealed in an airtight container Forestry is the Art and Science of managing forests tree Plantations and related Natural resources. A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 The latter two are concentrated around Cariacica and the "Vale do Rio Doce" ironworks. Cariacica is a town and municipality in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil.

Vitória is an important port for exporting iron and steel. Vitória is the capital of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Indeed, it is the biggest steel producer in the world. In São Mateus, petroleum reserves have been found on its continental shelf, and today are being commercially exploited. São Mateus is a Municipality located in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit

Tourism plays an ever-increasing role in the state economy. However, most of the visitors are from neighbouring states, rather than foreign countries. Popular destinations include coastal areas such as Guarapari, Jacaraípe and Manguinhos, but mountain retreats such as Domingos Martins are also popular. Guarapari is a coastal town on the coast of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Jacaraípe is the name of a district of Serra which in turn is a municipality of the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. Manguinhos is a small village in the municipality of Serra in Espírito Santo, Brazil, technically known as a neighbourhood ( Bairro in Portuguese Domingos Martins is the name of a municipality and its capital in the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo. Guarapari is also a local tourist destination, known for its curative black sand beaches. Guarapari is a coastal town on the coast of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel

Interesting facts

Vehicles: 850,141 (March/2007); Mobile phones: 1. Vehicles, derived from the Latin word vehiculum, are non-living Means of transport. Events in March American Red Cross Month Fire Prevention month ( The Philippines) Women's History Month ( United Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 8 million (April/2007); Telephones: 800 thousand (April/2007); Cities: 78 (2007). April holidays and events National Poetry Month - in United States National Sexual Assault Awareness Month - in United Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Basic principle A traditional landline telephone system also known as "plain old telephone service" (POTS, commonly handles both signaling and audio information April holidays and events National Poetry Month - in United States National Sexual Assault Awareness Month - in United Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[4]

Education

Portuguese is the official national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. But English and Spanish are part of the official high school curriculum. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States High school is the name used in some parts of the world (in particular Scotland, North America and Australia) to describe an institution

Educational institutions

• Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) (Federal University of Espírito Santo);
• Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica do Espírito Santo (Cefet-ES);
• Universidade Vila Velha (UVV) (Vila Velha University);
• Centro Universitário do Espírito Santo (Unesc-ES);
• and many others.

Infrastructure

National Airport

Vitoria Airport is located on a land plot of just over 5. Vitoria Airport is an airport near Vitoria-Gasteiz, in the Basque Country of Spain. 2 million square meters. Since construction of its first step, finished in 1946, Vitória Airport has undergone several expansions and modernizations, but current demand has surpassed its capacity of 560 thousand passengers a year. The passenger terminal is air conditioned, with a constructed area of nearly 4000 square meters, a check-in concourse, 25 check-in counters and boarding and arrival lounges. The recent construction of new aircraft parking boxes on the aprons has improved the airport’s operational efficiency. In 2003 more than 1. 2 million passengers used the airport, and in 2004 this rose to some 1. 25 million. Vitória is one of the 32 airports in the Infraero network that has a cargo terminal. In May 1999 the first direct international freight connection to the United States (Miami) began operating to Vitória, facilitating imports to the state of Espírito Santo. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Today there are five such flights a week

Notable Structures

The most notable structures in Espirito Santo are "Terceira Ponte" (Tallest Bridge in Brazil) , and "Convento da Penha" (Catholic Convent).

Highways

BR-101, BR-259, BR-262, BR-482.

Port

The Port of Vitória has the most difficult access for ships of any port in Brazil. ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo The Bay of Vitória is extremely narrow, with stones and mountains making it challenging for freighters and maritiime cruisers to reach the docks. This narrow approach also results in shipping passing closely to population centers. In Vitória, ships pass side by side with cars and pedestrians. The situation of the port in the center of the city also results in schedule complications, with limitations resulting from traffic constraints. Currently the main use of the port is for ship and oil platform repair, as well as for receiving medium-sized shipping.

Flag

The words in the central bar of the flag, Trabalha e Confia, translate to "Work and Trust [in God]". God is the principal or sole Deity in Religions and other belief systems that worship one deity. This motto is a truncated version of the Jesuit (well spread by the Spanish Catholic missionaire José de Anchieta) motto "work as if everything depended on you, and trust as if everything depended on God", and was chosen by Jerônimo Monteiro, who governed the state from 1908 to 1912. The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order Catholic is an Adjective derived from the Greek adjective '' / 'katholikos' meaning "whole" or "complete". José de Anchieta ( March 19 1534 &ndash June 9 1597) was a Canarian Jesuit Missionary to Brazil in Jerônimo de Sousa Monteiro ( Cachoeiro do Itapemirim ES, June 4, 1870 - October 23, 1933) was a Brazilian politician The flag was designed in 1908, with colours inspired by those of Saint Our Mother of Vitória's (Nossa Senhora da Vitória) in Portuguese vestments. Year 1908 ( MCMVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year It's also the only flag in the world which has pink in its colors.

Municipalities

(See also Espírito Santo municipalities and List of cities in Brazil (all cities and municipalities))

• Afonso Cláudio
• Água Doce do Norte
• Águia Branca
• Alegre
• Alfredo Chaves
• Alto Rio Novo
• Anchieta
• Apiacá
• Aracruz
• Atílio Vivácqua
• Baixo Guandu
• Barra de São Francisco
• Boa Esperança
• Bom Jesus do Norte
• Brejetuba
• Cachoeiro de Itapemirim
• Cariacica
• Castelo
• Colatina
• Conceição da Barra
• Conceição do Castelo
• Divino de São Lourenço
• Domingos Martins
• Dores do Rio Preto
• Ecoporanga
• Fundão
• Governador Lindenberg
• Guaçuí
• Guarapari
• Ibatiba
• Ibiraçu
• Ibitirama
• Iconha
• Irupi
• Itaguaçú
• Itapemirim
• Itarana
• Iúna
• Jaguaré
• Jeronimo Monteiro
• João Neiva
• Laranja da Terra
• Linhares
• Mantenópolis
• Marataízes
• Marechal Floriano
• Marilândia
• Mimoso do Sul
• Montanha
• Mucurici
• Muniz Freire
• Muqui
• Nova Venécia
• Pancas
• Pedro Canário
• Pinheiros
• Piúma
• Ponto Belo
• Presidente Kennedy
• Rio Bananal
• Rio Novo do Sul
• Santa Leopoldina
• Santa Maria de Jetibá
• Santa Teresa
• São Domingos do Norte
• São Gabriel da Palha
• São José do Calçado
• São Mateus
• São Roque do Canaã
• Serra
• Sooretama
• Vargem Alta
• Venda Nova do Imigrante
• Viana
• Vila Pavão
• Vila Valério
• Vila Velha
• Vitória

References

See also

• (Portuguese) Official Website
• (English) Brazilian Tourism Portal
• (English) List of Governors of Espírito Santo from 1889 to present day
• (Portuguese) Brazilian Portal with many Information about Espirito Santo and Brazil

Below is a list of Governors of the Brazilian state of Espirito Santo, since the creation of this administrative function along with the proclamation of Republic in

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