| Esophagus | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Head and neck. | |
 |
|
| Digestive organs. (Esophagus is #1) | |
| Latin | Oesophagus(NECK) |
| Gray's | subject #245 1144 |
| Artery | esophageal arteries |
| Vein | esophageal veins |
| Nerve | celiac ganglia, vagus[1] |
| Precursor | Foregut |
| MeSH | oEsophagus |
| Dorlands/Elsevier | e_16/12343479 |
The esophagus or oesophagus (see American and British English spelling differences), sometimes known as the gullet, is an organ in vertebrates which consists of a muscular tube through which food passes from the pharynx to the stomach. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Gray's Anatomy the Respiratory apparatus ( Apparatus Respiratorius Respiratory system Respiratory apparatus Arteries are Blood vessels that carry blood away from the Heart. Esophageal arteries are a group of Arteries from disparate sources supplying the Esophagus. In the Circulatory system, a vein is a Blood vessel that carries Blood back toward the Heart (as opposed to Artery, a blood vessel The esophageal veins drain blood from the Esophagus to the Inferior thyroid vein. A nerve is an enclosed cable-like bundle of peripheral Axons (the long slender projections of Neurons. The celiac ganglia are two large irregularly shaped masses of Nerve tissue in the upper Abdomen. The vagus nerve (ˈveɪˌgəs (VĀ-gəs (also called pneumogastric nerve or cranial nerve X) is the tenth of twelve paired Cranial nerves, and is the Embryology (from Greek grc ἔμβρυον embryon, "unborn embryo" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of the development The foregut is the anterior part of the Alimentary canal, from the Mouth to the Duodenum at the entrance of the Bile duct. Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books Elsevier, the world's largest Publisher of Medical and Scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group American and British English spelling differences are one aspect of American and British English differences. In Biology, an organ ( Latin: organum, "instrument tool" from Greek όργανον - organon "organ instrument Vertebrates are members of the Subphylum Vertebrata, Chordates with backbones or spinal columns The grouping sometimes includes Muscle (from Latin musculus, diminutive of mus "mouse" is contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the The pharynx (plural pharynges) is the part of the Neck and Throat situated immediately Posterior to (behind the Mouth and Nasal In Human anatomy, the stomach is a J-shaped hollow muscular organ of the Gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of Digestion, following In humans the esophagus is continuous with the laryngeal part of the pharynx at the level of the C6 vertebra. The larynx (plural larynges) colloquially known as the voicebox, is an organ in the Neck of Mammals involved in protection of the The pharynx (plural pharynges) is the part of the Neck and Throat situated immediately Posterior to (behind the Mouth and Nasal A vertebra (plural vertebrae) is an individual Irregular bone in the spinal or Vertebral column ( aka ischis a flexuous and flexible column It is usually 25-30 cm long which connects the mouth to the stomach. It is divided into cervical, thoracic, and abdominal parts.
Contents |
Functions of the esophagus
Food is passed through the esophagus by using the process of peristalsis. In the Esophagus After food is chewed into a bolus it is swallowed to move it into the esophagus Specifically, it connects the pharynx, which is the body cavity that is common to the digestive factory and respiratory system with the stomach, where the second stage of digestion is initiated. The pharynx (plural pharynges) is the part of the Neck and Throat situated immediately Posterior to (behind the Mouth and Nasal
The esophagus is lined with mucous membrane, and is more deeply lined with muscle that acts with peristaltic action to move swallowed food down to the stomach. The mucous membranes (or mucosae; singular mucosa) are linings of mostly endodermal origin covered in Epithelium, which are involved in Muscle (from Latin musculus, diminutive of mus "mouse" is contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the
Histology
The layers of the esophagus are as follows:[2]
- mucosa
- nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium: is rapidly turned over, and serves a protective effect due to the high volume transit of food, saliva and mucus. The mucous membranes (or mucosae; singular mucosa) are linings of mostly endodermal origin covered in Epithelium, which are involved in In Anatomy, squamous epithelium (from Latin squama, "scale" is an Epithelium characterised by its most superficial layer consisting For the band see Saliva (band; for the village in Azerbaijan see Səliva. In vertebrates mucus is a slippery secretion produced by and covering Mucous membranes It is a viscous Colloid containing Antiseptic enzymes (such as
- lamina propria: sparse. The lamina propria is a constituent of the moist linings known as mucous membranes or Mucosa, which line various tubes in the body (such as the respiratory tract the gastrointestinal
- muscularis mucosae: smooth muscle
- submucosa: Contains the mucous secreting glands (esophageal glands), and connective structures termed papillae. The lamina muscularis mucosae (or "muscularis mucosa" is the thin layer of Smooth muscle found in most parts of the Gastrointestinal tract, located Smooth muscle is a type of non- Striated muscle, found within the Tunica media layer of large and small Arteries and Veins, the bladder In the Gastrointestinal tract, the submucosa is the layer of Loose connective tissue that supports the Mucosa, as well as joins the mucosa to the bulk The esophageal glands are small compound Racemose Exocrine glands of the Mucous type
- muscularis externa (or "muscularis propria"): composition varies in different parts of the esophagus, to correspond with the conscious control over swallowing in the upper portions and the autonomic control in the lower portions:
- upper third, or superior part: striated muscle
- middle third, smooth muscle and striated muscle,
- inferior third: predominantly smooth muscle. The muscular coat ( muscular layer, muscular fibers, muscularis propria, muscularis externa) is a region of Muscle in many organs Swallowing, known scientifically as deglutition is the process in the human or animal body that makes something pass from the Mouth, to the Pharynx, into Striated muscle is a form of fibres that are combined into parallel fibres Smooth muscle is a type of non- Striated muscle, found within the Tunica media layer of large and small Arteries and Veins, the bladder Striated muscle is a form of fibres that are combined into parallel fibres
- adventitia
Gastroesophageal junction
The junction between the esophagus and the stomach (the gastroesophageal junction or GE junction) is not actually considered a valve, although it is sometimes called the cardiac sphincter, cardia or cardias, but is actually more of a stricture. Adventitia is the outermost Connective tissue covering of any organ, vessel, or other structure The cardia (also known as Z-line or esophagogastric junction or gastroesophageal junction) is the anatomical term for the junction orifice of
See also
Additional images
 H&E stain of biopsy of normal esophagus showing the stratified squamous cell epithelium |
 Layers of the esophagus. Esophageal diseases can derive from congenital conditions or they can be acquired later in life H&E stain, HE stain or hematoxylin and eosin stain, is a popular Staining method in Histology. A biopsy (in Greek: βίος life and όψη look/appearance is a Medical test involving the removal of cells or tissues In Anatomy, squamous epithelium (from Latin squama, "scale" is an Epithelium characterised by its most superficial layer consisting In biology and medicine epithelium is a tissue composed of cells that line the cavities and surfaces of structures throughout the body |
 Mid-esophageal mass |
 Stomach |
 Accessory digestive system. |
 Organs of the digestive tract. |
 Section of the neck at about the level of the sixth cervical vertebra. |
 Transverse section of thorax, showing relations of pulmonary artery. |
 Sagittal section of nose mouth, pharynx, and larynx. |
 The position and relation of the esophagus in the cervical region and in the posterior mediastinum. Seen from behind. | |
 Section of the human esophagus. Moderately magnified. |
 Microscopic shot of a cross section of human gastro-esophageal junction wall. |
References
External links
The Medical College of Georgia, also known as MCG, is a public medical Research university located in downtown Augusta Georgia. For similarly-named academic institutions see Education in Boston MA. The University of Iowa, is a major teaching service and Research university located on a campus in Iowa City Iowa, on the banks of the Iowa RiverDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic