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Ernst Christof Friedrich Zündel (born April 24, 1939 in Bad Wildbad) is a German Holocaust denier and pamphleteer who was jailed several times in Canada for publishing literature which "is likely to incite hatred against an identifiable group" and for being a threat to national security, in the United States for overstaying his visa, and in Germany for charges of "inciting racial hatred. Antisemitism (alternatively spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism; also rarely known as judeophobia) is the Prejudice against or hostility The history of antisemitism, hostile actions or discrimination against Jews as a religious or ethnic group goes back many centuries This timeline of antisemitism chronicles the facts of Antisemitism, hostile actions or discrimination against Jews as a religious or ethnic group This is a list of resources analyzing Antisemitism in the alphabetical order of author's name A number of writers and researchers such as Walter Laqueur, Paul Berman, and Mark Strauss have argued that there is rising acceptance of Antisemitism Jewish exodus from Arab lands|Islam and Antisemitism|Anti Jewish Arabism Oxymoronic, as Although Christian antisemitism is considered to have started around the 12th century its roots are attributed by some scholars to anti-Jewish attitudes and polemic beginning See also Islam and Judaism Islam and antisemitism looks at the teaching of Islam relating to Jews and Judaism and the attitudes of the A number of Jewish organizations Christian organizations Muslim organizations and academics consider the Nation of Islam to be antisemitic New antisemitism is the concept that a new form of Antisemitism is on the rise in the 21st century emanating simultaneously from the left, the Right, and Racial antisemitism is the belief that Antisemitism, hatred or Prejudice toward Jews is justified and justifiable on racial and not religious grounds Origins of religious antisemitism Father Edward Flannery in his The Anguish of the Jews Twenty-Three Centuries of Antisemitism, traces the first clear examples Secondary antisemitism is a distinct kind of Antisemitism which is said to have appeared after the end of World War II. Evidence of antisemitic incidents on university campuses across North America Europe and Australia since 2000 has been recorded by a number of sources This is a list of countries where Antisemitic sentiment has been experienced An antisemitic canard is a deliberately false story inciting Antisemitism. Jewish Deicide is an Antisemitic canard that placed the Responsibility for the death of Jesus on the Jewish people as a whole Blood libels against Jews are false accusations that Jews use Human blood in certain aspects of their Religious rituals and holidays Although Human sacrifice is the act of Homicide (the Killing of one or several Human beings in the context of a Religious ritual ( ritual killing For the logical fallacy see Poisoning the well. Well-poisoning is the act of malicious manipulation of potable water resources in Host Desecration is a form of Sacrilege in Christianity, involving the mistreatment or malicious use of a consecrated Host, or communion wafer Jewish Bolshevism, Judeo-Bolshevism, Judeo-Communism, or in Polish Żydokomuna, is a Pejorative Antisemitic expression Usury (ˈjuːʒəri comes from the Medieval Latin usuria, "interest" or "excessive interest" from the Latin usura "interest" The Dreyfus Affair a Political scandal which divided France from the 1890s to the early 1900s Zionist Occupation Government (abbreviated as ZOG) is an Antisemitic Conspiracy theory according to which Jews secretly control a country Holocaust denial is the claim that the Genocide of Jews during World War II —usually referred to as The Holocaust —did not occur in the On the Jews and Their Lies (Von den Jüden und iren Lügen in modern spelling de ''Von den Juden und ihren Lügen'' is a 65000-word treatise written by German Reformation The Protocols of the Elders of Zion ( Protocols of the wise men of Zion, Library of Congress 's Uniform Title; "Протоколы The International Jew is a four volume set of Booklets or Pamphlets originally published and distributed in the early 1920s by Henry Mein Kampf ( English: My Struggle/My Battle) is a book by Adolf Hitler. The Culture of Critique series comprises Kevin B MacDonald 's principal writings on Judaism and Jewish culture: A People That Shall See also Antisemitism, History of antisemitism, New antisemitism The persecution of Jews has occurred many times in Jewish history. In the course of history Jewish populations have been expelled or ostracised by various local authorities and have sought asylum from Antisemitism numerous times Jewish ghettos in Europe existed because Jews were viewed as cultural minorities due to their non-Christian beliefs in a Renaissance Christian environment A pogrom is a form of Riot directed against a particular group whether ethnic religious or other and characterized by destruction of their Homes Businesses For the modern Jewish skullcap see Kippah. The Jewish hat also known as the Jewish cap, Judenhut ( German) Judensau ( German for "Jews' sow" is a derogatory and dehumanizing image of Jews in obscene contact with a large sow (female Pig) which The yellow badge (or yellow patch) also referred to as a Jewish badge, was a cloth patch that Jews were ordered to sew on their outer garments in order The Spanish Inquisition started and was established in 1478 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile to maintain The Pale of Settlement (Черта́ осе́длости cherta osedlosti) was the term given to a region of Imperial Russia, along its western border in which The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German The term neo-Nazism refers to post- World War II Political movements Social movements and ideologies seeking to revive Nazism, The Anti-Defamation League ( ADL) is an Interest group founded in 1913 by B'nai B'rith in the United States whose stated aim is "to stop The Community Security Trust ( CST) is a British charity established in 1994 to ensure the safety and security of the Jewish community in the UK The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA is a Vienna -based agency of the European Union inaugurated on 1 March 2007 The Stephen Roth Institute for the Study of Contemporary Antisemitism and Racism is a research institute at Tel Aviv University in Israel. The Wiener Library is the world's oldest institution devoted to the study of the Holocaust, its causes and legacies The Southern Poverty Law Center ( SPLC) is an American Non-profit legal organization internationally known for its tolerance education programs its legal The Simon Wiesenthal Center (often abbreviated SWC) with headquarters in Los Angeles Union of Councils for Jews in the Former Soviet Union (abbreviated UCSJ) is an umbrella organization of Jewish Human rights groups working in Eastern The Swedish Committee Against Antisemitism (Svenska Kommittén Mot Antisemitism SKMA) is a Sweden -based non-profit organization founded in 1983, that Yad Vashem (יד ושם also spelled Yad VaShem; "Holocaust Martyrs' and Heroes' Remembrance Authority" is Israel 's official memorial to the Jewish Bad Wildbad is a town in Germany, in the state of Baden-Württemberg. Holocaust denial is the claim that the Genocide of Jews during World War II —usually referred to as The Holocaust —did not occur in the A pamphlet is an unbound Booklet (that is without a hard cover or binding) Incitement to racial or Ethnic hatred is a crime under the laws of a number of countries A visa (short for the Latin carta visa, lit "a document that has been seen" is a document issued by a Country giving an individual " He lived in Canada from 1958 to 2000. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page

In 1977, Zündel founded a small press publishing house called Samisdat Publishers which issued such pamphlets as The Hitler We Loved and Why and Did Six Million Really Die?, both prominent documents of the Holocaust denial movement. Samisdat Publishers Ltd was a small Canadian Publishing house owned and operated by Ernst Zündel, a noted Holocaust denier, during the Did Six Million Really Die? is a Holocaust denial booklet written by British National Front member Richard Verrall, under the name Richard

On February 5, 2003, Ernst Zündel was detained by U. S. local police and deported to Canada, where he was detained for two years on a Security Certificate for being a foreign national alleged to be a threat to national security pending a court decision on the validity of the certificate. In Canada, a security certificate is a legal mechanism by which the Government of Canada can detain and Deport Foreign nationals and all other National security is the entire scope of measures undertaken by the Governments of Nation-states in providing assurance of national Sovereignty Once the certificate was upheld and Zündel was determined to be a national security risk he was deported to Germany and tried in the state court of Mannheim on outstanding charges of incitement for Holocaust denial dating from the early 1990s. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Mannheim is a City in Germany. With 327318 inhabitants it is the second-largest city in the state of Baden-Württemberg after the capital Stuttgart On February 15th, 2007, he was convicted and sentenced to the maximum term of five years in prison. ^[1]

Contents 1 Background 2 Holocaust denial 3 Trials 4 Detention and deportation 5 German trial 6 Ancestry 7 References 8 External links

Background

Zündel emigrated to Canada from West Germany in 1958, when he was 19, in order to avoid being conscripted by the German military. He married a French-Canadian, Janick Larouche, in 1960 with whom he had two sons, Pierre and Hans. During the 1960s he came under the tutelage of Canadian fascist Adrien Arcand. Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology Adrien Arcand (1899 &ndash August 2, 1967) was a Montreal Journalist who led a series of fascist political

Professionally, Zündel worked as a graphic artist and printer. On several occasions in the 1960s he was commissioned to illustrate covers for Maclean's Magazine. Maclean's is a Canadian weekly News magazine, reporting on Canadian issues such as politics pop culture and current events His views on Nazism and Jews were not well known in the 1960s and 1970s as he initially published his opinions under the pseudonym Christof Friedrich. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ At the time, he was also an organizer among immigrants for the Ralliement des créditistes, Quebec's Social Credit party. Historically in Quebec, Canada, there was a number of political parties that were part of the Canadian social credit movement. Social Credit is a socio-economic Philosophy wherein Consumers fully provided with adequate Purchasing power, establish the policy of production In 1968 he joined the Liberal Party of Canada and ran in that year's Liberal leadership convention under the name Ernest Zeundel ^[2]. The Liberal Party of Canada ( Parti libéral du Canada) colloquially known as the Grits (originally " Clear Grits " is a major Canadian political The Liberal Party of Canada leadership convention of 1968 elected Pierre Elliott Trudeau as the new leader of the Liberal Party. He used the convention as a platform to allege that Canadian society was replete with anti-German attitudes. He dropped out of the contest prior to the voting, but not before delivering his campaign speech to the convention.

As Christof Friedrich, he also wrote several publications promoting the idea that UFOs are really secret weapons of Nazis who had fled to Neu-Schwabenland in Antarctica. New Swabia (Neuschwabenland is a section of the continent Antarctica between 20°E and 10°W (overlapping a portion of Norway's claim zone Queen Maud Land) The UFOs supposedly monitor humanity and are part of a secret plan to re-conquer the world at an unspecified time. Whether he actually believed these notions, or if it was just a publicity stunt, cannot be ascertained. ^[3]

His first marriage ended in 1977 as his public notoriety grew.

Zündel campaigned in Canada to ban the movie Schindler's List^[4] on the grounds that it "generates hatred against Germans, and it should be possible to ban it under 'hate laws' in Canada, Germany, and other countries"^[5] and celebrated the movie being banned in Malaysia and the Philippines, and effectively banned in Lebanon and Jordan. Schindler's List is a Biographical film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Steven Zaillian. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (الأردنّ al-Urdunn) is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern ^[6]

In 1984, a pipe bomb blasted a hole through Zündel's garage door and on May 8, 1995, his Toronto residence was the target of an arson attack resulting in $75,000 in damage. The Jewish Armed Resistance Movement claimed responsibility for the arson attack though there are doubts about the claim's veracity. ^[7] Five days after the incident members of the Jewish Defense League were detained by police upon being found in the property's vicinity. The Jewish Defense League (JDL is a militant Jewish organization whose stated goal is to protect Jews from Antisemitism. No charges have ever been laid in the incident. ^[8] Later the same month Zündel was the recipient of a parcel bomb that was detonated by the Toronto Police Service's bomb squad. ^[9] The investigation into the parcel bomb attack led to charges being laid against David Barbarash, an animal rights activist based in British Columbia, but they were eventually stayed. David Barbarash was the North American press officer for the Animal Liberation Front from mid-1999 until late-2002 British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C ^[10]

Holocaust denial

In the 1970s, Zündel founded a small publishing house called Samisdat Publishers. Did Six Million Really Die? is a Holocaust denial booklet written by British National Front member Richard Verrall, under the name Richard Richard Verrall (born 1948 is a National Front member and edited its magazine Spearhead from 1976 to 1980 Samisdat Publishers Ltd was a small Canadian Publishing house owned and operated by Ernst Zündel, a noted Holocaust denier, during the This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. Samisdat Publishers Ltd was a small Canadian Publishing house owned and operated by Ernst Zündel, a noted Holocaust denier, during the Samisdat initially produced UFO-related books, some of them written pseudonymously by Zündel. A pseudonym is a fictitious alternative to a person's legal name (see Alias) Within a few years it began disseminating Nazi sympathizer literature, including Zündel's The Hitler We Loved and Why, Richard Verrall's Did Six Million Really Die?, and works by Malcolm Ross. Richard Verrall (born 1948 is a National Front member and edited its magazine Spearhead from 1976 to 1980

By the early 1980s, Samisdat Publications had grown into a worldwide distributor of Nazi and neo-Nazi posters, audiotapes, and memorabilia, as well as pamphlets and books devoted to Holocaust denial and Allied and Zionist "war crimes", claiming a mailing list of 29,000 in the United States alone. History of Zionism|Timeline of Zionism|World Zionist Organization|Zionist political violence Zionism is an international political movement that originally supported the Advertisements for Samisdat Publications were purchased in well-known reputable American magazines and even comic books. West Germany became another large market, in violation of their Volksverhetzung (incitement of the masses) laws preventing Holocaust denial and dissemination of Nazi and neo-Nazi material, going so far as to send mass mailings to every member of the West German Bundestag (parliament). West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (

In December 1980, the West German Federal Ministry of Finance told the Bundestag that between January 1978, and December 1979, "200 shipments of right-wing extremist and neo-Nazi content including books, periodicals, symbols, decorations, films, cassettes, and records" had been intercepted entering West Germany; these shipments "came overwhelmingly from Canada. The Bundestag ("Federal Diet " or "Lower House of German Parliament" is the Parliament of Germany. " On April 23, 1981, the West German government sent a letter to the Canadian Jewish Congress, confirming that the source of the material was Samisdat Publishers. The Canadian Jewish Congress is an umbrella group of Jewish organizations in Canada and constitutes one of the main lobby groups for the Jewish community in the country

From 1981 to 1982 Zündel had his mailing privileges suspended by the Canadian government on the grounds that he had been using the mail to send hate propaganda, a criminal offence in Canada. Hate speech is a term for speech intended to degrade intimidate or incite violence or prejudicial action against a person or group of people based on their race, Gender Zündel then began shipping from a post office box in Niagara Falls, New York, until the ban on his mailing in Canada was lifted in January 1983.

Zündel was a vocal supporter of alleged Nazi war criminals living in Canada. During the trial of Imre Finta, Zündel was confronted outside the courthouse by a Holocaust survivor. Imre Finta (1911-2003 was the first person prosecuted under Canada's War crimes legislation Zündel told the survivor "Listen, yeah, we are gonna get you yet, don't you worry. "^[11]

In 1997, Zündel told an interviewer from an Israeli newspaper that "[t]he Jews of the world have a Holocaust coming, and all the gruesome lies that they have told about people like Germans during the Second World War—all those grotesque Spielberg-like distortions of what really took place—one day will come back to haunt Jews, and I want to not be around when that happens. "^[12][13]

Trials

In 1983 Sabrina Citron, a Holocaust survivor and founder of the Canadian Holocaust Remembrance Association, filed a private complaint against Zündel before the Canadian Human Rights Tribunal. The Canadian Human Rights Tribunal is a quasi-judicial body established in 1977 by the Canadian Human Rights Act. In 1984, the Ontario government joined the criminal proceedings against Zündel based on Citron's complaint. Zündel was charged under the Criminal Code, section 181, of spreading false news for publishing "Did Six Million Really Die?". Did Six Million Really Die? is a Holocaust denial booklet written by British National Front member Richard Verrall, under the name Richard

Zündel underwent two criminal trials in 1985 and 1988. The charge against Zündel alleged that he "did publish a statement or tale, namely, "Did Six Million Really Die?" that he knows is false and that is likely to cause mischief to the public interest in social and racial tolerance, contrary to the Criminal Code. " Zündel was originally found guilty by two juries but was finally acquitted upon appeal by the Supreme Court of Canada which held in 1992 that section 181 (formerly known as section 177) was a violation of the guarantees of freedom of expression under the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The Supreme Court of Canada ( French: Cour suprême du Canada) is the highest court of Canada and is the final court of appeal in the Canadian Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak freely without Censorship or Limitation. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (also known as The Charter of Rights and Freedoms or simply the Charter) is a Bill of rights entrenched in the

The 1988 trial was notable for its reliance on testimony from individuals such as David Irving and Fred A. Leuchter, a self-declared expert in execution technology. David John Cawdell Irving (born 24 March 1938 is a British writer specializing in the Military history of World War II. Frederick A (Fred Leuchter Jr (born 1943 is an American execution technician who rose to controversy for his Testimony in defense of Holocaust ^[14] Leuchter's testimony as an expert witness was accepted by the court, but his accompanying Leuchter Report^[15] was excluded, based on his lack of engineering credentials. In 1985, key expert testimony against Zündel's alleged Holocaust denial was provided at great lengths by Holocaust historian, Raul Hilberg. Raul Hilberg ( June 2, 1926 - August 4, 2007) was an Austrian -born American political scientist and Historian Hilberg refused to testify at Zündel's 1988 trial. Zündel was convicted in 1988 and sentenced to 15 months imprisonment by an Ontario court; however, in 1992 in R. v. Zündel his conviction was overturned by the Supreme Court of Canada when the law he had been charged under, reporting false news, was ruled unconstitutional. R v Zundel 2 SCR 731 is a landmark Supreme Court of Canada decision where the Court struck down the provision in the Criminal Code of Canada that The Supreme Court of Canada ( French: Cour suprême du Canada) is the highest court of Canada and is the final court of appeal in the Canadian ^[16]

In 1997, Zündel's marriage with his second wife, Irene Marcarelli, collapsed after 18 months. "At one point I really loved him," she told an acquaintance. "By the end, I thought he was evil incarnate. " She subsequently testified against him in the late 1990s when he was under investigation by the Canadian Human Rights Commission for promoting hatred against Jews via his website. The Canadian Human Rights Commission is a quasi-judicial body that was established in 1977 by the government PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ In January 2000, before the Commission had completed its hearings, he left Canada for Sevierville, Tennessee where he married his third wife, Ingrid Rimland and vowed never to return to Canada. ^[17]

Detention and deportation

In 2003, Zündel was arrested in the United States for violating that country's immigration rules, specifically visa waiver overstay, which he argues was a "trumped up" charge. After two weeks he was deported. Zündel being a German citizen, a warrant for his arrest for Volksverhetzung (incitement of the masses) had been issued in Germany in the same year and he sought refugee status in Canada, despite the fact that his permanent residency status in Canada had expired owing to his prolonged absence from the country. According to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a refugee is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race At his hearing, Zündel described himself as "the Gandhi of the right. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ( Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી moɦən̪d̪äs kəɾəmʧən̪d̪ gän̪d̪ʱi (2 October 1869 – 30 January "

Despite having lived in Canada for over forty years prior to moving to the United States, Zündel had never been able to obtain Canadian citizenship. Canadian citizenship is typically obtained by birth in Canada or birth abroad when at least one parent is a Canadian citizen or by adoption abroad by at least one Canadian citizen Applications for citizenship were rejected by the government in 1966 and again in 1994 for reasons that have never been publicly disclosed. ^[1] So, upon his return to Canada, he had no status in the country as he was not a citizen and as his landed immigrant status had been forfeited by his prolonged absence from the country. A Permanent Resident in Canada is someone who is not a Canadian citizen but who has been granted permission to live and work in Canada without any time Upon entry into Canada, Zündel claimed refugee status in hopes of preventing his deportation to Germany. According to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a refugee is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race This claim elicited public ridicule, Rex Murphy, a columnist for the Globe and Mail and a well known commentator on the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation wrote "If Ernst Zündel is a refugee, Daffy Duck is Albert Einstein. Rex Murphy (born March 1947 is a noted Canadian commentator Murphy was born in Carbonear Newfoundland and Labrador, 105 kilometres west of St . . Some propositions are so ludicrous that they are a betrayal of common sense and human dignity if allowed a moment's oxygen. "^[18]

On May 2, 2003, Canadian Citizenship and Immigration Minister Denis Coderre and Solicitor General Wayne Easter issued a "national security certificate" against Zündel under the provisions of the Canadian Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, indicating that he was a threat to Canada's national security and/or the human rights of Canadian citizens owing to his alleged links with violent neo-Nazi groups including Aryan Nations leader Richard Girnt Butler, neo-Nazi Christian Worch, and former Canadian Aryan Nations leader Terry Long, as well as Ewald Althans, convicted in a German court in 1995 of charges that included insulting the memory of the dead and insulting the state. Denis Coderre, PC, MP (born July 25, 1963 in Joliette, Quebec) is a Canadian politician Arnold Wayne Easter PC, MP (born June 22, 1949 in North Wiltshire Prince Edward Island) is a Canadian politician In Canada, a security certificate is a legal mechanism by which the Government of Canada can detain and Deport Foreign nationals and all other Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA is an Act of the Parliament of Canada, passed in 2001 as Bill C-11 which replaced the Immigration Act of 1976 National security is the entire scope of measures undertaken by the Governments of Nation-states in providing assurance of national Sovereignty Human rights refers to the "basic Rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled Aryan Nation (AN is a White Nationalist Neo-Nazi organization which was founded in the 1970s by Richard Girnt Butler as an arm of the Christian Identity Richard Girnt Butler ( February 23, 1918 - September 8, 2004) was an American aerospace engineer for Lockheed turned Christian Worch (born 1956) is one of the most important figures of the German neo-Nazi scene Terry Long is the former leader of the Aryan Nations in Canada.

Zündel moved twice to have Canadian Federal Court justice Pierre Blais recuse himself from the case for "badgering and accusing the witness of lying" and exhibiting "open hostility" towards Zündel, and filed two constitutional challenges, one in the Ontario courts and one in the federal courts, both unsuccessful. The Federal Court of Canada is a defunct national court of Canada set up to resolve some types of disputes arising under the central government's legislative jurisdiction Pierre Blais, PC (born December 30 1948) is a Canadian Jurist and former politician and Cabinet minister During the hearing, Zündel characterized his position as "Sometimes I feel like a black man being convicted on Ku Klux Klan news clippings. Ku Klux Klan ( KKK) is the name of several past and present secret domestic terrorist organizations in the United States, generally in the southern states that are "^[19]

Zündel meanwhile moved to be released from detention on his own recognizance while the legal proceedings were ongoing. His lawyer, Doug Christie, introduced as a "surprise witness" Lorraine Day, a California doctor who practises alternative cancer treatments, to testify that Zündel's incarceration at Toronto's Metro West Detention Centre was causing his chest tumor (revealed to the court a few weeks previously) to grow and his blood pressure to rise, that the medication supplied to control his blood pressure was causing side-effects such as a slow heart rate and loss of memory, and that "He needs exercise, fresh air, and freedom from stress. Douglas Hewson Christie Jr, known as Doug Christie, (b April 1946 is a Canadian lawyer and far-right political activist based in Victoria, Lorraine Jeanette Day is a practitioner of Alternative medicine who claims to have discovered the cause and cure of Cancer, as a result of God showing Oncology is the branch of medicine that studies Tumors ( Cancer) and seeks to understand their development diagnosis treatment and prevention The whole point is we need to have his high blood pressure controlled without the drug. "^[20] On January 21, 2004, after three months of hearings including both public and secret testimony, Justice Blais again ruled against Zündel with a damning statement.

During his imprisonment, Canadian neo-Nazi leader Paul Fromm attempted to hold numerous rallies in support of Zündel, both in Ontario and in Alberta. Frederick Paul Fromm (born January 3 1949 known as Paul Fromm, is a Canadian Neo-Nazi leader and activist with ties to the Ku Klux Klan. The rallies were met with formidable opposition, namely by the Anti-Racist Action group, which heightened its opposition to Fromm's pro-Zündel work in the summer of 2004. The Anti-Racist Action Network (ARA is a decentralized network of militant anti-fascist and anti-racists in North America The anti-racist efforts included participation by numerous Toronto activist groups and individuals, including Shane Ruttle Martinez and Marcell Rodden, and successfully managed to prevent similar future congregations of the neo-Nazis. Shane Ruttle Martinez is a Catalan Canadian independent journalist and human rights activist based in Toronto Canada. The Communist Party of Canada - Marxist-Leninist (CPC-ML fielded 71 candidates in the 2006 federal election. Fromm eventually ceased his efforts after being advised by Zündel's attorneys that public clashes between opponents of the Zündel issues was not assisting the image of their client's case.

On February 24 2005, Justice Blais ruled that Canada could deport Zündel back to his native Germany at any time, and on February 25 Zündel's lawyer, Peter Lindsay, announced that his client would not attempt to obtain a stay against the deportation and that his fight to remain in Canada was over. In his decision, Justice Blais noted that Zündel had had the opportunity to respond to the allegations of the decision of January 21 by explaining the nature of his contacts with the extremists mentioned and/or providing exonerating witnesses, but had failed to do so. Blais found that "Mr. Zündel's activities are not only a threat to Canada's national security, but also a threat to the international community of nations. "^[21]

Zündel was deported to Germany on March 1, 2005. ^[22] Upon his arrival at Frankfurt airport, he was immediately arrested and detained in Mannheim prison awaiting trial for inciting racial hatred. ^[23]

German trial

German prosecutors charged Zündel on July 19, 2005, with fourteen counts of inciting racial hatred, which is punishable under German criminal law, Section 130, 2.(3) (Agitation (sedition) of the People) with up to 5 years in prison. The Strafgesetzbuch is the name of the German, Swiss, Liechtenstein and Austrian Criminal law. Volksverhetzung ( German: "stirring up the populace" "agitation of the people" is a concept in German criminal law that bans the incitement of hatred against The indictment says Zündel "denied the fate of destruction for the Jews planned by National Socialist powerholders and justified this by saying that the mass destruction in Auschwitz and Treblinka, among others, were an invention of the Jews and served the repression and blackmail of the German people. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German "Auschwitz" redirects here For the town see Oświęcim Auschwitz-Birkenau () was the largest of Nazi Germany Treblinka II was a German Extermination camp in occupied Poland during World War II. "

His trial was scheduled for five days beginning November 8, 2005, but ran into an early delay when Judge Ulrich Meinerzhagen ruled that Horst Mahler, whose license to practice as a lawyer was withdrawn in 2004 and who, in January 2005, was sentenced to nine months in prison for inciting racial hatred, could not be part of the defense team. Horst Mahler (born 23 January 1936 in Haynau, Lower Silesia, now Chojnów Poland) is a German Neo-Nazi lawyer who is known Mahler had been associated with the violent far-left Red Army Faction in the 1970s, but has since become a supporter of far-right and antisemitic groups. The Red Army Faction or RAF ( German Rote Armee Fraktion) (in its early stages commonly known as Baader-Meinhof Group ''Gang'' was one Zündel's public defender Sylvia Stolz was also dismissed, on the grounds that her written submissions to the court included Mahler's ideas. Sylvia Stolz is a German Lawyer who defended Ernst Zundel at his trial for denying the Holocaust in February 2007 On November 15, 2005, Meinerzhagen announced that the trial will be rescheduled in order to allow new counsel time to prepare. ^[24]

The trial resumed on February 9, 2006 for several court sessions but then adjourned on March 9 when the trial judge asked for Stolz to be removed as Zündel's defence lawyer after having denounced the court as a "tool of foreign domination" and described the Jews as an "enemy people". On March 31 the superior state court in Karlsruhe removed Stolz from the case for illegally obstructing proceedings "with the sole goal of sabotaging the trial . . . and making it into a farce". ^[25]

The trial again resumed on June 9, 2006 and continued, intermittently, into early 2007. The prosecution concluded its case on January 26, 2007 calling for Zündel to be handed the maximum sentence of five years imprisonment with state prosecutor Andreas Grossman calling him a "political con man" from whom the German people needed protection. Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. After quoting extensively from Zündel's writings on the Holocaust, Grossman argued "[y]ou might as well argue that the sun rises in the west. . . But you cannot change that the Holocaust has been proven. "^[1] In its closing arguments the defence has called for Zündel to be acquitted. ^[26][27]

On February 15, 2007, Zündel was sentenced to a five year term in prison, the maximum sentence possible for violating the Volksverhetzung law (Section 130, 2.(3)) in the German criminal code which bans incitement of hatred against a minority of the population, which is how his Holocaust denial was interpreted by the Federal German court. Volksverhetzung ( German: "stirring up the populace" "agitation of the people" is a concept in German criminal law that bans the incitement of hatred against The Strafgesetzbuch is the name of the German, Swiss, Liechtenstein and Austrian Criminal law. Holocaust denial is the claim that the Genocide of Jews during World War II —usually referred to as The Holocaust —did not occur in the ^[28]

His time in pre-trial confinement in Canada will not be taken into account on his sentence, but only the two years he was confined in Germany since 2005. One of his lawyers was excluded from the process for agitation and had to be carried out of the courtroom. Another lawyer, Jürgen Rieger, a leading member of Germany's NPD, was forbidden to voice petitions and ruled to put them down in writing; he let another lawyer read them aloud. Another lawyer read parts of Mein Kampf and parts of the NS race legislation aloud in his closing speech. Mein Kampf ( English: My Struggle/My Battle) is a book by Adolf Hitler. Zündel asked for the inception of an expert's commission to examine the Holocaust. The judge in his emotional closing speech called Zündel an „Brunnenvergifter und Brandstifter, einen Verehrer dieses menschenverachtenden Barbaren Adolf Hitler, von dem er dummdreist daherschwafelt. “, in English roughly translated "well-poisoner and arsonist, an admirer of this human-despising barbarian Adolf Hitler, of whom he rambles on with brash impertinence". Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately It is believed that the Holocaust deniers are using this process and the coming revisions to show that freedom of speech was impaired in Germany depending on the ideology of the speaker. Freedom of speech is the freedom to speak freely without Censorship or Limitation. ^[29]

On February 21, the Mannheim District Court announced that Zündel will appeal against the court's verdict. ^[30] On September 17th, 2007, the appeal was rejected and the verdict, as well as the sentence, of the Mannheim District Court was upheld by the German Federal Court of Justice. ^[31]

Ancestry

According to Toronto Sun columnist Mark Bonokoski, Zündel's mother was Gertrude Mayer and his maternal grandparents were the Jewish Mr. The Toronto Sun is an English language daily tabloid Newspaper published in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ and Mrs. Nagal and Isador (Izzy) Mayer. Izzy Mayer was a trade union organizer for the garment industry in the Bavarian city of Augsburg. A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Augsburg is an independent City in the south-west of Bavaria.

According to Bonokoski, Ernst's ex-wife Irene Zündel said that the possibility of being at least part-Jewish bothered Zündel so much that he returned to Germany in the 1960s in search of his family's Ariernachweis, a Nazi-era certificate of pure Aryan blood, but was unable to find any such document for his family. Aryan is an English word derived from the Sanskrit " Ārya " meaning "noble" or "honorable"

In 1997, Zündel granted an interview to Tsadok Yecheskeli of the Israeli newspaper Yedioth Ahronoth that includes the following exchange:

Yecheskeli: Are you sure there's no Jewish blood in your family?

Zündel (in hushed voice): No. An interview is a conversation between two or more people (the interviewer and the interviewee where Questions are asked by the interviewer to obtain information from Yedioth Ahronoth (ידיעות אחרונות, lit Latest News) is a major Hebrew language Daily newspaper published in Israel. ^[32]

References

External links

• Zündelsite: Ernst Zündel's Web site
• Anti-Defamation League on Ernst Zundel
• Nizkor Project archive criticism of Zündel
• Ernst Zundel: Civil Rights Champion? from the Toronto Globe and Mail
• Will his ex bring him down? 1999 article from NOW Magazine on Irene Zündel's testimony against her ex-husband
• Full text of Justice Blais' decision February 24, 2005 ruling on the Zündel security certificate and deportation
• The Jewish Card, March 2, 2005 column by Mark Bonokoski of the Toronto Sun alleging that Zündel is part Jewish. The Globe and Mail is a Canadian English language nationally distributed Newspaper, based in Toronto and printed in six cities NOW is an Alternative newsweekly in Toronto, Canada published by Now Communications Inc. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Toronto Sun is an English language daily tabloid Newspaper published in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

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