| Ernst Abbe | |
 Ernst Karl Abbe (1840-1905)
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| Born | January 23, 1840 Eisenach, Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach |
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| Died | January 14, 1905 (aged 64) Jena, Germany |
| Residence |  Germany |
| Nationality | German |
| Fields | Physicist |
| Institutions | University of Jena |
| Alma mater | University of Göttingen University of Jena |
| Doctoral advisor | Wilhelm Weber Carl Snell |
| Doctoral students | Heinrich Friedrich Weber |
| Known for | Abbe number |
Ernst Karl Abbe (January 23, 1840 in Eisenach – January 14, 1905 in Jena), was a German physicist. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor Year 1840 ( MDCCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Eisenach is a city in Thuringia, Germany. It is situated between the northern foothills of the Thuringian Forest and the Hainich National Park The Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (Herzogtum Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach was created in 1809 by the merger of the Ernestine duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Jena (pronunciation ˈjeːna is a university City in central Germany on the river Saale. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. A physicist is a Scientist who studies or practices Physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning Friedrich Schiller University of Jena (FSU is located in Jena, Thuringia in Germany and was renamed for the German writer Friedrich Schiller Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval The University of Göttingen ( German: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) is a University in the city of Göttingen, Germany. Friedrich Schiller University of Jena (FSU is located in Jena, Thuringia in Germany and was renamed for the German writer Friedrich Schiller A doctorate is an Academic degree that indicates the highest level of academic achievement Wilhelm Eduard Weber ( October 24, 1804 &ndash June 23, 1891) was a German Physicist. Heinrich Friedrich Weber (1843&ndash1912 was a Physicist born in the town of Magdala, near Weimar. In Physics and Optics, the Abbe number, also known as the V-number or constringence of a transparent material is a measure Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor Year 1840 ( MDCCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Eisenach is a city in Thuringia, Germany. It is situated between the northern foothills of the Thuringian Forest and the Hainich National Park Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Jena (pronunciation ˈjeːna is a university City in central Germany on the river Saale. A physicist is a Scientist who studies or practices Physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning He was a professor at the University of Jena. Friedrich Schiller University of Jena (FSU is located in Jena, Thuringia in Germany and was renamed for the German writer Friedrich Schiller
Abbe is best known for his work in optics. He designed the first refractometer, which he described in a booklet published in 1874. A refractometer is an Optical instrument that is used to determine the Refractive index of a substance [1] He discovered the Abbe number, a measure of any transparent material's variation of refractive index with wavelength. In Physics and Optics, the Abbe number, also known as the V-number or constringence of a transparent material is a measure In Optics, transparency (also called pellucidity) is the Material property of allowing The refractive index (or index of Refraction) of a medium is a measure for how much the speed of light (or other waves such as sound waves is reduced inside the medium In Physics wavelength is the distance between repeating units of a propagating Wave of a given Frequency. Already a professor in Jena, he was hired by Carl Zeiss to improve the manufacturing process of optical instruments, which back then was largely based on trial and error. Jena (pronunciation ˈjeːna is a university City in central Germany on the river Saale. Carl Zeiss ( September 11, 1816 &ndash December 3, 1888) was an Optician commonly known for the company he founded Carl Zeiss In a long and fruitful collaboration, Abbe created the mathematical foundation of microscope design, which became essential for the later preeminent position of the Zeiss company. A microscope ( Greek: ( micron) = small + ( skopein) = to look or see is an instrument for viewing objects that are In particular, he discovered the Abbe sine condition, a breakthrough in lens design. The Abbe sine condition is a condition that must be fulfilled by a lens or other Optical system in order for it to produce sharp images of off-axis as well as on-axis A lens is an optical device with perfect or approximate Axial symmetry which transmits and refracts Light, converging or diverging He also invented the Abbe condenser, used for microscope illumination. A condenser is one of the main components of the optical system of many transmitted light Compound microscopes A condenser is a lens that serves to concentrate [2] During his association with Carl Zeiss' microscope works, he also introduced the eight-hour workday, in remembrance of the 14-hour workday of his own father. Carl Zeiss ( September 11, 1816 &ndash December 3, 1888) was an Optician commonly known for the company he founded Carl Zeiss A microscope ( Greek: ( micron) = small + ( skopein) = to look or see is an instrument for viewing objects that are The 8-hour day movement or 40-hour week movement (aka the Short-time movement) had its origins in the Industrial Revolution in Britain, where
The Abbe crater on the Moon was named in his honour. Abbe is a lunar Impact crater that is located in the southern hemisphere on the far side of the Moon.
See also:
- Abbe condenser
- Abbe number
- Abbe prism
- Abbe refractometer
- Abbe sine condition
- Aberration in optical systems
- Calculation of glass properties
References
- ^ Abbe, E. A condenser is one of the main components of the optical system of many transmitted light Compound microscopes A condenser is a lens that serves to concentrate In Physics and Optics, the Abbe number, also known as the V-number or constringence of a transparent material is a measure In Optics, an Abbe prism, named for its inventor the German physicist Ernst Abbe, is a type of constant deviation dispersive prism An Abbe or laboratory refractometer is a bench-top Refractometer that offer the highest precision of the different types of refractometers The Abbe sine condition is a condition that must be fulfilled by a lens or other Optical system in order for it to produce sharp images of off-axis as well as on-axis Aberrations are departures of the performance of an optical system from the predictions of Paraxial optics. The calculation of glass properties ( glass modeling) is used to predict Glass properties of interest or glass behavior under certain conditions (e (1874). Neue Apparate zur Bestimmung des Brechungs - und Zerstreuungsvermögens fester und fluüssiger Körper. Jena: Mauke's Verlag.
- ^ Abbe, Ernst - Encyclopædia Britannica - Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service.
Further reading
- Gunther, N. "Abbe, Ernst. " in Dictionary of Scientific Biography. The Dictionary of Scientific Biography is a scholarly reference work that was published from 1970 through 1980 (1970). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. Vol. 1: p. 6-9.
External links
- Paselk, Richard A. . The Evolution of the Abbe Refractometer.
- Basic Principles of Refractometers (and Polarimeters}
- O'Connor, John J. & Robertson, Edmund F. , “Ernst Karl Abbe”, MacTutor History of Mathematics archive
- Molecular Expressions's biography
- Works by Ernst Abbe at Project Gutenberg
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Abbe, Ernst Karl |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | German Physicist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 23, 1840 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Eisenach, Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 14, 1905 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Jena, Germany |
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