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Western Philosophy
20th-century philosophy
Name
Ernst Cassirer
Birth July 28, 1874 (Breslau, Germany)
Death April 13, 1945
School/tradition Phenomenology

Ernst Cassirer (July 28, 1874 – April 13, 1945) was a German-Jewish philosopher. See also [[Analytic philosophy]] and [[Continental philosophy]] The 20th century brought with it upheavals that produced a series of conflicting developments within Philosophy Events 1540 - Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of Treason. Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Wrocław (Breslau Vratislav Vratislavia or Wratislavia Yiddish: ברעסלוי) is the chief City of the historical region of Lower Silesia Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Events 1540 - Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of Treason. Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language Coming out of the Marburg tradition of neo-Kantianism, he developed a philosophy of culture as a theory of symbols founded in a phenomenology of knowledge. Neo-Kantianism means a revived or modified type of Philosophy along the lines of that laid down by Immanuel Kant in the Eighteenth century or (sometimes Epistemology (from Greek επιστήμη - episteme, "knowledge" + λόγος, " Logos " or theory of knowledge His son, Heinz Cassirer, was also a Kantian scholar. Dr Heinz W Cassirer ( 9 August 1903 - 20 February 1979) was a Kantian philosopher the son of a famous German philosopher Ernst Cassirer

Contents

Biography

Cassirer was born in Breslau (Wrocław), Silesia, into a Jewish family. Wrocław (Breslau Vratislav Vratislavia or Wratislavia Yiddish: ברעסלוי) is the chief City of the historical region of Lower Silesia Wrocław (Breslau Vratislav Vratislavia or Wratislavia Yiddish: ברעסלוי) is the chief City of the historical region of Lower Silesia Etymology One theory claims that the name Silesia is derived from the Silingi, who were most likely a Vandalic (East Germanic people He studied literature and philosophy at the University of Berlin. As a Jew, he had no easy academic career. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ After long years as Privatdozent at the Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin (Cassirer turned down the offer of a visiting professorship at Harvard which he and his wife considered obscure and remote), he was elected to a chair of philosophy at the newly-founded University of Hamburg in 1919, where he lectured until 1933, and supervised the doctoral thesis of Leo Strauss. Private docent (abbreviates PD or Priv-Doz) is a title conferred in some European university systems especially in German -speaking countries For other universities in Berlin see List of Universities in Berlin. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language The University of Hamburg (Universität Hamburg is a University in Hamburg, Germany. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Leo Strauss (September 20 1899 &ndash October 18 1973 was a German -born Jewish-American political philosopher who specialized in the study of classical Cassirer was forced to leave Germany because the Nazis came to power. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German

After leaving Germany he found first refuge as a lecturer in Oxford 1933–1935; he was then professor at Gothenburg University 1935–1941. Oxford is currently bidding for the 2010 Wikimania Conference Oxford () is a city, and the County town of Oxfordshire, Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The University of Gothenburg ( Swedish: Göteborgs universitet) is a University in the city of Gothenburg in Sweden. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. When Cassirer - who considered Sweden too unsafe by then - tried to go to the United States and specifically to Harvard, the university turned him down because he had turned Harvard down thirty years earlier. Thus, he first had to work as a visiting professor at Yale University, New Haven 1941–1943, and only then moving to Columbia University in New York, where he lectured from 1943 until his death in 1945. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Columbia University is a private University in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar As he had been naturalized in Sweden, he died on the Columbia campus a Swedish citizen of German-Jewish descent. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation.

Works

Philosophy of Symbolic Forms

Cassirer was both a genuine philosopher and an historian of philosophy. Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language See also History An historian is an individual who studies and writes about History, and is regarded as an Authority on it Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language His major work, Philosophy of Symbolic Forms (3 vols. , 1923–1929) is considered a benchmark for a philosophy of culture. Man, says Cassirer later in his more popular Essay on Man (1944), is a "symbolic animal". Whereas animals perceive their world by instincts and direct sensory perception, man has created his own universe of symbolic meaning that structures and shapes his perception of reality - and only thus, for instance, can conceive of utopias and therefore progress in the form of shared human culture. Instinct is the inherent disposition of a living Organism toward a particular Behavior. "Symbolic" redirects here For other uses see Symbolism (disambiguation and Symbolic (disambiguation. In Psychology and the Cognitive sciences perception is the process of attaining awareness or understanding of sensory Information. Reality, in everyday usage means "the state of things as they actually exist" Utopia is a name for an ideal community taken from the title of a book written in 1516 by Sir Thomas More describing a fictional Island in the In this, Cassirer owes much to Kant's transcendental idealism, which claimed that the actual world cannot be known, but that the human view on reality is shaped by our means of perceiving it. Immanuel Kant (ɪmanuəl kant 22 April 1724 12 February 1804 was an 18th-century German Philosopher from the Prussian city of Königsberg Transcendental idealism is a doctrine founded by German philosopher Immanuel Kant in the eighteenth century. Reality, in everyday usage means "the state of things as they actually exist" Reality, in everyday usage means "the state of things as they actually exist" For Cassirer, the human world is created through symbolic forms of thought which are linguistic, scholarly, scientific, and artistic, sharing and extending through communication individual understanding, discovery and expression.

The Myth of the State

Cassirer's last major work was The Myth of the State. The book was published posthumously in 1946 after Cassirer's sudden death. Cassirer argues that the idea of a totalitarian state evolved from ideas advanced by Plato, Dante, Machiavelli, Gobineau, Carlyle and Hegel. Biography Early life Birth and family Plato was born in Athens Greece Joseph Arthur Comte de Gobineau ( July 14, 1816 — October 13, 1882) was a French Aristocrat, novelist and man of Thomas Carlyle (4 December 1795 – 5 February 1881 was a Scottish essayist satirist and historian whose work was highly influential during the Victorian era. He concludes that the Fascist regimes of the 20th century were symbolised by a myth of destiny and the promotion of irrationality. Irrationality is talking or acting without regard of Rationality.

Academic Genealogy
Notable teachers Notable students
Hermann Cohen
Paul Natorp		 Hans Reichenbach
Leo Strauss

Partial bibliography

See also

External links

ˈjoːhan ˈvɔlfgaŋ fɔn ˈgøːtə (in English generally ˈgɝːtə 28 August 1749 22 March 1832 was a German writer Abraham Moritz Warburg, known as Aby Warburg, ( Hamburg, June 13, 1866 – Hamburg October 26, 1929) was an The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP is a freely-accessible Online encyclopedia of Philosophy maintained by Stanford University.
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