Group photo 1909 in front of Clark University. Clark University is a private University and Liberal arts college in Worcester Massachusetts. Front row: Sigmund Freud, Granville Stanley Hall, Carl Jung; back row: Abraham A. Brill, Ernest Jones, Sandor Ferenczi. Sigmund Freud (ˈziːkmʊnt ˈfʁɔʏt born Sigismund Shlomo Freud (May 6 1856 &ndash September 23 1939 was an Austrian Psychiatrist who founded Abraham Arden Brill (1874–1948 was an American Psychiatrist. Sándor Ferenczi ( July 7, 1873 – May 22, 1933) was a Hungarian psychoanalyst.

Part of a series of articles on Psychoanalysis

Constructs Psychosexual development Psychosocial development Conscious • Preconscious • Unconscious Psychic Apparatus Id, ego, and super-ego Libido • Drive Transference • Sublimation • Resistance Important figures Sigmund Freud • Carl Jung Alfred Adler • Otto Rank Anna Freud • Margaret Mahler Karen Horney • Jacques Lacan Ronald Fairbairn • Melanie Klein Harry Stack Sullivan Erik Erikson • Nancy Chodorow Susan Sutherland Isaacs Ernest Jones • Heinz Kohut Important works The Interpretation of Dreams Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis "Beyond the Pleasure Principle" Civilization and Its Discontents Schools of thought Self psychology • Lacanian Analytical psychology • Object relations Interpersonal • Relational Ego psychology

Psychology portal This box: view • talk • edit

Alfred Ernest Jones (January 1, 1879 – February 11, 1958) Welsh neurologist, psychoanalyst and Sigmund Freud’s official biographer. Psychoanalysis is a body of ideas developed by Austrian physician Sigmund Freud and his followers which is devoted to the study of human psychological functioning and behavior The concept of psychosexual development, as envisioned by Sigmund Freud at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century is a central element in his sexual Psychosocial development as articulated by Erik Erikson explains Eight Stages through which a healthily developing Human should pass from Consciousness has been defined loosely as a constellation of attributes of Mind such as Subjectivity, Self-awareness, Sentience, and the See also Consciousness Jacques Lacan Philosophy of mind Rapid eye movement sleep Many observers throughout history have argued that there are influences on Consciousness from other parts of the Mind. The term psychic apparatus (sometimes translated as psychical apparatus or mental apparatus) is a central concept of Freudian Metapsychology. Id, ego, and super-ego are the three parts of the " Psychic apparatus " defined in Sigmund Freud 's structural model of Libido in its common usage means Sexual desire however more technical definitions such as those found in the work of Carl Jung, are more general referring to libido Motivation is the reason or reasons for engaging in a particular behavior especially Human behavior as studied in Philosophy, Conflict, Economics Transference is a phenomenon in Psychoanalysis characterized by unconscious redirection of feelings for one person to another In Psychology, sublimation is a coping mechanism It has its roots in the Nietzschean & psychoanalytical approach and is often also referred to as a type Psychological resistance is the phenomenon often encountered in clinical practice in which patients either directly or indirectly oppose changing their behavior or refuse to discuss Sigmund Freud (ˈziːkmʊnt ˈfʁɔʏt born Sigismund Shlomo Freud (May 6 1856 &ndash September 23 1939 was an Austrian Psychiatrist who founded Alfred Adler ( February 7 1870 &ndash May 28 1937) was an Austrian medical doctor, psychologist and founder of Otto Rank ( April 22, 1884 – October 31, 1939) was an Austrian Psychoanalyst, writer teacher and therapist Anna Freud ( December 3, 1895 – October 9, 1982) was the sixth and last child of Sigmund and Martha Freud Margaret Schönberger Mahler ( May 10 1897 – October 2 1985) was a Hungarian physician who later became interested in psychiatry Karen Horney (pronounced "horn-eye" /hɔrnaɪ/ born Danielsen ( September 16, 1885 – December 4, 1952) was a German Jacques-Marie-Émile Lacan (French ʒak lakɑ̃ ( April 13, 1901 &ndash September 9, 1981) was a French Psychoanalyst William Ronald Dodds Fairbairn ( 11 August 1889 - 31 December 1964) was a member of the British Psychoanalytical Society. Melanie Klein ( March 30 1882 – September 22 1960) was an Austrian born Herbert "Harry" Stack Sullivan ( February 21, 1892, Norwich New York – January 14, 1949, Paris, France Erik Homburger Erikson ( June 15, 1902 – May 12, 1994) was born in Frankfurt to Danish parents but later obtained Nancy Julia Chodorow is a feminist sociologist and psychoanalyst born 20 January 1944 in New York City. Susan Sutherland Isaacs (née Fairhurst (1885–1948 was an English educational Psychologist and Psychoanalyst. Heinz Kohut May 3 1913 &ndash October 8 1981 is best known for his development of Self Psychology, a school of thought The Interpretation of Dreams is a book by Sigmund Freud. The first edition was first published in German in November 1899 as Die Traumdeutung The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis (Les quatres concepts fondamentaux de la psychanalyse is the English translation of one of the pivotal works of Jacques " Beyond the Pleasure Principle " (first published in German in 1920 as Jenseits des Lustprinzips) is an essay by Sigmund Freud. Civilization and Its Discontents is a book by Sigmund Freud. Written in 1929 and first published in German in 1930 as Das Unbehagen in der Kultur Self psychology is a school of Psychoanalytic theory and therapy created by Heinz Kohut and developed in the United States. Jacques-Marie-Émile Lacan (French ʒak lakɑ̃ ( April 13, 1901 &ndash September 9, 1981) was a French Psychoanalyst Analytical psychology (or Jungian psychology) refers to the school of Psychology originating from the ideas of Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung, and then advanced Object relations theory is a psychodynamic theory within Psychoanalytic psychology. Interpersonal psychoanalysis is based on the theories of Harry Stack Sullivan, an American Psychiatrist who believed that the details of patient's interpersonal interactions Relational psychoanalysis is a school of Psychoanalysis in the United States that emphasizes the role of real and imagined relationships with others in Mental disorder Ego psychology is a school of Psychoanalysis rooted in Sigmund Freud 's structural -- id-ego-superego -- model of the mind New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1879 ( MDCCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Psychoanalysis is a body of ideas developed by Austrian physician Sigmund Freud and his followers which is devoted to the study of human psychological functioning and behavior Sigmund Freud (ˈziːkmʊnt ˈfʁɔʏt born Sigismund Shlomo Freud (May 6 1856 &ndash September 23 1939 was an Austrian Psychiatrist who founded As the first English-language practitioner of psychoanalysis and as President of both of the British Psycho-Analytical Society and the International Psychoanalytic Association in the 1920s and 1930s, Jones exercised unmatched influence in the establishment of its organisations, institutions and publications in the English-speaking world. Psychoanalysis is a body of ideas developed by Austrian physician Sigmund Freud and his followers which is devoted to the study of human psychological functioning and behavior The British Psychoanalytical Society was founded by the British psychiatrist Ernest Jones as the London Psychoanalytical Society on October_30 1913 The International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA is an association including 11800 psychoanalysts as members and works with 70 constituent organizations

Early life and career

Born in Gowerton (formerly Ffosfelen), an industrial village on the outskirts of Swansea, South Wales, the son of a colliery engineer, Jones was educated at Swansea Grammar School, Llandovery College, University College Cardiff and University College London where in 1900 he obtained a degree in medicine followed by a doctorate and membership of the Royal College of Physicians in 1904. The village of Gowerton (Tregŵyr is situated about 4 miles north west of Swansea city centre. Swansea ( Abertawe "mouth of the Tawe " is a city and county in Wales. South Wales (De Cymru is an area of Wales bordered by England and the Bristol Channel to the east and south and Mid Wales and West Wales Llandovery College (Coleg Llanymddyfri is an independent school in Llandovery, Carmarthenshire, Wales. Cardiff University (Prifysgol Caerdydd is a leading University located in the Cathays Park area of Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom University College London ( UCL) is a multi-faculty university institution based in the United Kingdom and a constituent college of the University of London The Royal College of Physicians of London was the first medical institution in England to receive a Royal Charter He was particularly pleased to receive the University’s gold medal in obstetrics from his distinguished fellow Welshman, Sir John Williams.

After obtaining his medical degrees Jones specialised in neurology and took a number of posts in London Hospitals. It was through his association with the surgeon Wilfred Trotter that Jones recalled first hearing of Freud’s work. Wilfred Trotter (1872-1939 was a British Surgeon, a pioneer in Neurosurgery. Having worked together as surgeons at University College Hospital they had become close friends, with Trotter taking the role of mentor and confidant to his younger colleague. University College Hospital is a Teaching hospital in London, England, part of the University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust They had in common a wide-ranging interest in philosophy and literature, as well as a growing interest in Continental psychiatric literature and the new forms of clinical therapy it surveyed. By 1905 they were sharing accommodation above Harley Street consulting rooms with Jones’s sister, Elizabeth (later to become Trotter’s wife), installed as housekeeper. Jones, appalled at what he had seen of the institutionalised treatment of the “insane”, began experimenting with hypnotic techniques in his clinical work.

It was in 1905 in a German psychiatric journal that Jones first encountered Freud’s writings, in the form of the famous Dora case-history. It was thus he formed, as his autobiography records: “the deep impression of there being a man in Vienna who actually listened with attention to every word his patients said to him. . …a revolutionary difference from the attitude of previous physicians. . . . ” (Jones 1959:159).

Unfortunately for Jones the medical establishment of Edwardian England was far from receptive to Freud’s theories of childhood sexuality and in this context Jones’s early attempts to employ psychoanalytic insights in his clinical work proved less than circumspect. In 1906 he was tried and acquitted over allegations of improper conduct with pupils in a London school. In 1908, having demonstrated sexual repression as the cause of an hysterical paralysis of a young girl’s arm, he faced allegations from the girl’s parents and was forced to resign his hospital post.

In facing these trials and tribulations Jones was able to call on the emotional and financial support of his mistress Loe Kann, a wealthy Dutch émigré whom he had first met in London in 1906. Their relationship came to an end in 1913 with Kann in analysis with Freud and Jones, at Freud's behest, with Sandor Ferenczi. Sándor Ferenczi ( July 7, 1873 – May 22, 1933) was a Hungarian psychoanalyst.

In 1917 Jones married the Welsh composer Morfydd Llwyn-Owen. She died eighteen months later following complications from surgery for appendicitis. In 1919, in Zurich, Jones met and married Katherine Jokl, a Jewish economics graduate from Moravia who had been at school in Vienna with Freud’s daughters. They had four children and were to remain happily married.

Psychoanalytical career

Whilst attending a congress of neurologists in Amsterdam in 1907, Jones met Carl Jung from whom he received a first-hand account of the work of Freud and his circle in Vienna. Confirmed in his judgement of the importance of Freud’s work, Jones joined Jung in Zurich to plan the inaugural Psychoanalytical Congress. Zürich (, Zürich German: Züri, Zurich, Zurigo; in English generally Zurich) is the largest city in Switzerland and capital of the This was held in 1908 in Salzburg where Jones met Freud for the first time. is the fourth-largest city in Austria and the capital of the federal state of Salzburg. Jones then travelled to Vienna for further discussions with Freud and introductions to the members of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Formerly the Psychological Wednesday Society. They commenced their meetings in Freud’s apartment in 1902 Thus began a personal and professional relationship which, to the acknowledged benefit of both, would survive the many dissensions and rivalries which marked the first decades of the psychoanalytic movement, and would last until Freud’s death in 1939.

With his career prospects in Britain in serious difficulty, Jones sought refuge in Canada in 1908 in the post of Director of the Ontario Clinic for Nervous Diseases attached to the Toronto General Hospital. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page There followed appointments as Associate Professor and then Professor of Psychiatry at Toronto University. This article is about the University of Toronto's St George Campus Following further meetings with Freud in 1909 at Clarke University, Massachusetts, where Freud gave a series of lectures on psychoanalysis, and in Holland the following year, Jones, with typical prodigious energy, set about forging strong working relationships with the nascent American psychoanalytic movement, giving some 20 papers or addresses to American professional societies at venues ranging from Boston, to Washingtion and Chicago. In 1910 he founded the American Psychopathological Association and the following year the American Psychoanalytic Association, serving as its first Secretary until 1913. American Psychoanalytic Association is an association of psychoanalysts in the United States. He also undertook an intensive programme of writing and research in which he produced the first of what were to be many significant contributions to psychoanalytic literature, notably monographs on Hamlet and On the Nightmare. A number of these were published in German in the main psychoanalytic periodicals published in Vienna and thereby served to secure his status in Freud's inner circle during the period of the latter's increasing estrangement from Jung. It was in this context that, in 1912, Jones initiated, with Freud's agreement, the formation of a Secret Committee of loyalists charged with safeguarding the theoretical and institutional legacy of the psychoanalytic movement. ^[1] This development also served the more immediate purpose of isolating Jung and, with Jones in strategic control, eventually manoeuvring him out of the Presidency of the International Psychoanalytic Association, a post he had held since its inception. When Jung's resignation came in 1914, it was only the outbreak of war which prevented Jones taking his place.

On his return to London in 1913 Jones set up in practice as a psychoanalyst, founded the London Psychoanalytic Society and continued to write and lecture on psychoanalytic theory. A collection of his papers appeared as Papers on Psychoanalysis, the first comprehensive account of psychoanalytic theory and practice to be published in the English language.

By 1919, the year he founded the British Psychoanalytical Society, Jones could report proudly to Freud that psychoanalysis in Britain “stands in the forefront of medical, literary and psychological interest” (letter 27 January 1919 (Paskauskas 1993)). As President of the Society – a post he would hold until 1944 – Jones secured funding for and supervised the establishment in London of a Clinic offering subsidised fees and an Institute of Psychoanalysis which provided administrative, publishing and training facilities for the growing network of professional psychoanalysts.

Jones went on to serve two periods as President of the International Psychoanalytic Association from 1920 to1924 and 1932 to 1949. In 1920 he founded the International Journal of Psychoanalysis, serving as its editor until 1939. The following year he established, the International Psychoanalytic Library, which published some 50 books under his editorship. Jones soon obtained from Freud rights to the English translation of his work and in 1924 the first two volumes of Freud's Collected Papers appeared in translations edited by Jones and supervised by Joan Riviere his former analysand and, at one stage, ardent suitor. Following analysis with Freud, she was able to form a productive working relationship with Jones, serving as the translation editor of the International Journal of Psychoanalysis. She would later join with Jones and James Strachey in a working group to plan and deliver the post-war Standard Edition of Freud’s Collected Works (London: Hogarth Press, 24 volumes 1953-1973). James Beaumont Strachey (1887 – 1967 was a British psychoanalyst and with his wife Alix, a translator of Sigmund Freud into English

Largely through Jones’s energetic advocacy, the British Medical Association officially recognised psychoanalysis in 1929. History The BMA founded in 1832 by Charles Hastings was originally known as the Provincial Medical and Surgical Association (PMSA the first meeting of which was held in the boardroom The BBC subsequently removed him from a list of speakers declared to be dangerous to public morality and in 1932 he gave a series of radio broadcast on psychoanalysis.

After Hitler took power in Germany Jones helped many displaced and endangered German Jewish analysts to resettle in England and other countries. Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately Following the annexation of Austria, in 1938 he travelled to Vienna at considerable personal risk, to play a crucial role in negotiating and organising the emigration of Freud and his circle to London.

After the end of the war, Jones gradually relinquished his many official posts whilst continuing his psychoanalytic practice, writings and lecturing. The major undertaking of his final years was his monumental account of Freud’s life and work, published to widespread acclaim in three volumes between 1953 and 1957. In this he was ably assisted by his German speaking wife who translated much of Freud’s early correspondence and other archive documentation made available by Anna Freud. Anna Freud ( December 3, 1895 – October 9, 1982) was the sixth and last child of Sigmund and Martha Freud An uncompleted autobiography, Free Associations, was published posthumously in 1959.

Always proud of his Welsh origins, Jones became a member of the Welsh Nationalist Party, Plaid Cymru. Plaid Cymru (plaɪd ˈkəmri The Party of Wales often referred to simply as Plaid) is a Political party in Wales. He had a particular love of the Gower peninsula, which he had explored extensively in his youth and which, following the purchase of a holiday cottage in Llanmadoc, became a regular holiday retreat for the Jones family. He was instrumental in helping secure its status in 1956, as the first region of the UK to be designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. An Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB is an area of countryside with significant landscape value in England, Wales or Northern Ireland

Jones was made a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1942, Honorary President of the International Psychoanalytic Association in 1949 and an Honorary Doctor of Science (Wales) at Swansea University in 1954. Swansea University (Prifysgol Abertawe is a University located in Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom.

Notes

Jones bibliography

Books appear in order of publication. Jones (1912) and (1923) were subsequently reprinted in revised and enlarged editions. A comprehensive listing of Jones's articles and papers can be found in Maddox (2006).

• Jones, E. (1912). Papers on Psycho-Analysis. London: Balliere Tindall & Cox.

• Jones, E. (1920). Treatment of the Neuroses. London: Balliere Tindall & Cox

• Jones, E. (1923). Essays in Applied Psycho-Analysis. London: International Psycho-Analytical Press.

• Jones, E (ed. ) (1924). Social Aspects of Psycho-Analysis: Lectures Delivered under the Auspices of the Sociological Society. London: Williams and Norgate.

• Jones, E. (1928). Psycho-Analysis. London: E. Benn (reprinted with an Addendum as What is Psychoanalysis ? in 1949. London: Allen & Unwin).

• Jones, E. (1931). On the Nightmare. London: Hogarth Press and Institute of Psycho-Analysis.

• Jones, E. (1931). The Elements of Figure Skating. London: Methuen (A revised and enlarged edition was published in 1952. London: Allen and Unwin).

• Jones, E. (1949). Hamlet and Oedipus. London: V. Gollancz.

• Jones, E. (1953). Sigmund Freud: Life and Work. Vol 1: The Young Freud 1856-1900. London: Hogarth Press.

• Jones, E. (1955). Sigmund Freud: Life and Work. Vol 2: The Years of Maturity 1901-1919. London: Hogarth Press.

• Jones, E. (1957). Sigmund Freud: Life and Work. Vol 3: The Last Phase 1919-1939. London: Hogarth Press.

• Jones, E. (1956) Sigmund Freud: Four Centenary Addresses. New York: Basic Books

• Jones, E. (1961). Sigmund Freud: Life and Work. Abridged by Lionel Trilling and Stephen Marcus. Introduction by Lionel Trilling. New York: Basic Books.

• Jones, E. (1959) Free Associations: Memories of a Psycho-Analyst. London: Hogarth Press.

References

• Brome, V. (1982). Ernest Jones: Freud’s Alter Ego. London: Caliban Books.

• Davies, T. G. (1979). Ernest Jones: 1879-1958. Cardiff: University of Wales Press.

• Jones, E. (1959). Free Associations: Memories of a Psycho-Analyst. London: Hogarth Press.

• Maddox, B. (2006). Freud’s Wizard: The Enigma of Ernest Jones. London: John Murray.

• Paskauskas, R Andrew (1988). 'Freud's Break with Jung: The Crucial Role of Ernest Jones'. Free Associations 11, 7-34.

• Paskauskas, R. Andrew (Editor). (1993). The Complete Correspondence of Sigmund Freud and Ernest Jones, 1908-1939, Introduction by Riccardo Steiner. Cambridge, Mass/London: Belknap Press.

See also

• Psychoanalysis
• Sigmund Freud

External links

• The British Psychoanalytical Society
• International Psychoanalytical Association