An eponym is the name of a person, whether real or fictitious, which has (or is thought to have) given rise to the name of a particular place, tribe, era, discovery, or other item. Toponymy refers to the scientific study of place-names ( toponyms) their origins meanings use and Typology. An ethnonym ( Gk έθνος ethnos, 'tribe' + όνομα onoma, 'name' is the name applied to a given Ethnic group. A regnal year is a year of the reign of a sovereign. From Latin regnum meaning kingdom rule An eponymous person is the person referred to by the eponym. In contemporary English, the term eponymous is often used to mean self-titled, as in "Metallica's eponymous 'black album'". Metallica is an American heavy metal band that formed in 1981 in. The word eponym is often used for the thing titled. Stigler's law of eponymy suggests that Eponyms are usually false, i. Stigler's law of eponymy is a process proposed by University of Chicago Statistics professor Stephen Stigler in his 1980 publication "Stigler’s e. , things are rarely named after the person who discovered or invented them. An aitiology is a "reverse eponym" in the sense that a legendary character is invented in order to explain a term. Etiology (alternatively aetiology, aitiology) is the study of causation.

Contents 1 Political eponyms of time periods 2 Other eponyms 3 Lists of eponyms 4 See also 5 External links

Political eponyms of time periods

In different cultures, time periods have often been named after the person who ruled during that period.

• One of the first recorded cases of eponymy occurred in the second millennium BC, when the Assyrians named each year after a high official (limmu). The Assyrians are an Ethnic group whose origins lie in what is today Iraq, Iran, Turkey and Syria.

• In ancient Greece, the eponymous archon was the highest magistrate in Athens. The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca This is a list of the eponymous archons of Athens. Background The Archon was the chief Magistrate in many Greek cities but in Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's Archons of Athens served a term of one year which took the name of that particular archon (e. This is a list of the eponymous archons of Athens. Background The Archon was the chief Magistrate in many Greek cities but in g. , 594 BC was called after Solon). Events and trends 599 BC — Vardhamana Mahavira, last Tirthankar of Jainism is born Solon ( ancient Greek:, c 638 BC&ndash558 BC was an Athenian Statesman, Lawmaker and Lyric poet.

• In Ancient Rome, one of the two formal ways of indicating a year was to cite the two annual consuls who served in that year. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Consul (abbrev cos; Latin plural consules) was the highest elected office of the Roman Republic and an appointive office under the Empire For example, the year we know as 59 BC would have been described as "the consulship of Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus and Gaius Julius Caesar" (although that specific year was known jocularly as "the consulship of Julius and Caesar" because of the insignificance of Caesar's counterpart). Year 59 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Gaius Julius Caesar and Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus (d 48 BC was a politician of the late Roman Republic. Under the empire, the consuls would change as often as every two months, but only the two consuls at the beginning of the year would lend their names to that year.

• Well into the Christian era, many royal households used eponymous dating by regnal years. The Roman Catholic Church, however, eventually used the Anno Domini dating scheme based on the birth of Christ on both the general public and royalty. The regnal year standard is still used with respect to statutes and law reports published in some parts of the United Kingdom and in some Commonwealth countries (England abandoned this practice in 1963): a statute signed into law in Canada between February 6, 1994 and February 5, 1995 would be dated 43 Elizabeth II, for instance. A regnal year is a year of the reign of a sovereign. From Latin regnum meaning kingdom rule

• Government administrations or political trends often become eponymous with a government leader. Examples include the Nixon Era, Trudeaumania, Jeffersonian economics, Jacksonian democracy, McCarthyism, Thatcherism, Kennedy's Camelot, or Reaganomics. Trudeaumania was the Nickname given in early 1968 to the excitement generated by Pierre Trudeau 's entry into the leadership race of the Liberal Party of Canada Jeffersonians, so named after Thomas Jefferson, support a federal government with greatly constrained powers and are strong advocates and followers of a strict interpretation Jacksonian Democracy refers to the political philosophy of United States President Andrew Jackson and his supporters McCarthyism is a term describing the intense anti-communist suspicion in the United States in a period that lasted roughly from the late 1940s to the late 1950s Thatcherism is the system of political thought attributed to the governments of Margaret Thatcher, British Prime Minister from 1979 to 1990 Camelot is the most famous Castle and court associated with the legendary King Arthur. Reaganomics (a portmanteau of "Reagan" and "economics" refers to the Economic policies promoted by United States President Ronald

• British monarchs have become eponymous throughout the English speaking world for time periods, fashions, etc. Elizabethan, Edwardian, Georgian, and Victorian, are examples of these. Romance and reality The Victorian era and the early twentieth century idealised the Elizabethan era Class and society Socially the Edwardian era was a period during which the British Class system was very rigid The arts Especially during the mid-18th century the period was marked by cultural vibrancy with the establishment of the British Museum in 1753 and the contributions Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities

Other eponyms

• Both in ancient Greece and independently among the Hebrews, tribes often took the name of a legendary leader (as Achaeus for Achaeans, or Dorus for Dorians). In Greek mythology, Dorus is the name of the son of Hellen who was the eponymous founder of the Dorians. The Dorians or Dorian Greeks ( Greek:, Dōrieis singular, Dōrieus were The eponym gave apparent meaning to the mysterious names of tribes, and sometimes, as in the Sons of Noah, provided a primitive attempt at ethnology as well, in the genealogical relationships of eponymous originators. The Table of Nations or Sons of Noah is an extensive list of descendants of Noah appearing within the Torah at Genesis 10 representing Ethnology (from the Greek ἔθνος, ethnos meaning "habit custom convention" is the branch of Anthropology that compares and

• Places and towns can also be given an eponymous name through a relationship (real or imagined) to an important figure. Peloponnesus, for instance, was said to derive its name from the Greek god Pelops. The Peloponnese or Peloponnesus ( Greek: Πελοπόννησος Pelopónnisos; see also List of Greek place names) is a large Peninsula In Greek mythology, Pelops ( Greek Πέλοψ, from pelios: dark and ops: face eye king of Pisa in the Peloponnesus was venerated In historical times, new towns have often been named (and older communities renamed) after their founders, discoverers, or after notable individuals. Examples include Quezon City, the former capital city of the Philippines, named after the city's founder, Manuel L. Quezon; Vancouver, British Columbia, named after the explorer George Vancouver; and Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, originally called Isbister's Settlement but renamed after Queen Victoria's husband and consort in 1866. Quezon City ( Filipino: Lungsod Quezon) is the former capital ( 1948 - 1976) and the most populous The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina (b August 19, 1878 in Baler Aurora, Philippines - d Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal Captain George Vancouver Prince Albert is the third-largest city in Saskatchewan, Canada. Prince Albert is the third-largest city in Saskatchewan, Canada. Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

• In science and technology, discoveries and innovations are often named after the discoverer (or supposed discoverer) or to honor some other influential workers. Examples are Avogadro's number, the Diesel engine, meitnerium, Alzheimer's disease, and the Apgar score. The Avogadro constant (symbols L, N A also called Avogadro's number, is the number of "elementary entities" (usually Atoms A diesel engine is an Internal combustion engine which operates using the Diesel cycle (named after Dr Meitnerium (maɪtˈnɜriəm is a Chemical element in the Periodic table that has the symbol Mt and Atomic number 109 Alzheimer's disease ( AD) also called Alzheimer disease or simply Alzheimer's, is the most common form of Dementia. For a discussion of the process see Stigler's law of eponymy. Stigler's law of eponymy is a process proposed by University of Chicago Statistics professor Stephen Stigler in his 1980 publication "Stigler’s

• In (modern) art
  • Some books, films, video games, and TV shows have one or more eponymous principal characters: Robinson Crusoe, the Harry Potter series, Grey's Anatomy and I Love Lucy, for example. A Book is a set or collection of written printed illustrated or blank sheets made of Paper, Parchment, or other material usually fastened together A video game is a Game that involves interaction with a User interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. This is a listing of topics pertaining to Television programs. The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe (of York Mariner Who lived Eight and Twenty Years all alone in an un-inhabited Island on the Coast of America near the Mouth Harry Potter is a series of seven Fantasy novels written by British author J Grey’s Anatomy is an American Primetime television medical drama. I Love Lucy is an American Situation comedy, starring Lucille Ball, Desi Arnaz, Vivian Vance and William Frawley
  • The term is also applied to music, usually with regard to record titles. Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. For example, Blur's 1997 album was also titled Blur. Blur are an English Alternative rock band that formed in London in 1989 Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Blur is the fifth album by English Alternative rock band Blur. Many other artists and bands have also served as eponyms of albums or singles, usually as their debut or second release. Some bands, such as the Tindersticks, Crowded House, Van Halen, Duran Duran, Santana, Living in a Box, and Weezer, have released more than one and are thus referred to in other ways, including number and album art (e. Tindersticks are a rock band from Nottingham, England. Their sound is characterised by a synthesis of orchestral backing lounge Jazz, and Crowded House is a rock group formed in Melbourne, Australia and led by New Zealand musician and Singer-songwriter Neil Finn. Van Halen is a Hard rock band formed in in 1972 They enjoyed success from the release of their self titled debut album in 1978 Duran Duran are an English Pop rock band famous for a long series of popular singles, albums and vivid Music videos for which they've won two Living in a Box was a British pop band from the 1980s and early 1990s Weezer (ˈwizɚ is an American Alternative rock band from Los Angeles California formed in 1992 g. The Blue Album). Weezer, often referred to as " The Blue Album " is the debut album by the American Alternative rock band Weezer. Peter Gabriel's first four long-play releases were all such (though the fourth was given a title for its US release). Peter Brian Gabriel (born 13 February 1950 in Chobham, Surrey, England) is an English Musician and Songwriter. Another more common term is the self-titled album. The band R.E.M. titled their 1988 compilation CD Eponymous as a joke. REM is an American rock band formed in Athens, Georgia, in 1980 by Michael Stipe ( lead vocals) Peter Buck ( Guitar Eponymous is the first compilation album album by the band RE
    • Self-titled albums are often indicated with the abbreviation "s/t," e. g. , "They Might Be Giants (s/t)"

Lists of eponyms

By person's name

• List of eponyms

By category

Adages Adjectives Asteroids Astronomical objects Cartoon characters Chemical elements Companies Diseases Foods Human anatomical parts Ideologies

Inventions Mathematical theorems Minerals Observations Places and political entities Prizes, awards and medals Scientific constants Scientific laws Scientific phenomena Scientific units Sports terms

See also

• Antonomasia
• Archetypal name

• List of archetypal names

• Eponymous hairstyles
• Etymology

• Lists of etymologies

• False etymology
• Genericized trademark
• List of eponymous diseases
• List of eponymous medical signs
• List of literary works with eponymous heroes | heroines
• List of places named after people
• Metonym
• Proprietary eponym
• Stigler's law of eponymy

External links

• Definition of -nym words
• A site dedicated to Medical Eponyms
• What is an Eponym? by Dr. Robert Beard

They Might Be Giants is the Eponymous first album from They Might Be Giants, also known as the " Pink Album " An Eponym is a person (real or fictitious from whom something is said to take its name An eponymous adjective is an Adjective which has been derived from the name of a person real or fictional This is a list of asteroids named after people, both real and fictional There are probably a few thousand astronomical objects named after people. This is a list of characters from Animated cartoons Comic books Webcomics and Comic strips who are named after people This is a list of Chemical elements named after people. The symbol and Atomic number are given in brackets This is a list of Companies named after people. For other lists of eponyms (names derived from people see Lists of etymologies. An eponymous Disease is one that has been named after the person who first described the condition This is a list of Food items named after people. For other lists of eponyms (names derived from people see Eponym. This is a list of human anatomical parts named after people. For other lists of eponyms (names derived from people see Eponym. This list contains names of ideological systems movements and trends named after persons This is a list of Inventions followed by name of the Inventor (or whom it is named after This is a list of Theorems, by Wikipedia page See also List of fundamental theorems List of lemmas List of conjectures This is a list of Minerals named after people. The chemical composition follows name when available There are a number of places named after famous people. For more on the general etymology of place names see Toponomy. This is a list of Prizes that are named after people'. For other lists of eponyms (names derived from people see Lists of etymologies. This is a list of physical and mathematical Constants named after people. This is a list of scientific laws named after people ( Eponymous laws) This is a list of scientific Phenomena and concepts named after people (eponymous phenomena This is a list of scientific units named after people. For other lists of eponyms (names derived from people see Eponym. This is a list of Eponyms in Sports, ie sports terms named after people. In Rhetoric, antonomasia is a substitution of any Epithet or phrase for a proper name such as "the little Corporal " for Napoleon I Archetypal names are Proper names of real mythological or fictional characters that have become designations for Archetypes of certain personal traits Archetypal names are Proper names of real mythological or fictional characters that have become designations for Archetypes of certain personal traits Particular Hairstyles occasionally become fashionable through their association with a prominent individual Etymology is the study of the History of Words &mdash when they entered a language from what source and how their form and meaning have changed over time This is a list of etymological lists. General List of company name etymologies List of computer term etymologies A false etymology is an assumed or postulated Etymology that current consensus among scholars of Historical linguistics holds to be incorrect A genericized trademark (also known as a generic trademark or proprietary eponym) is a Trademark or Brand name that has become the colloquial An eponymous Disease is one that has been named after the person who first described the condition Eponymous medical signs are those that are named after a person or persons usually the physicians who first described them but occasionally named after a famous patient There are a number of places named after famous people. For more on the general etymology of place names see Toponomy. In Rhetoric, metonymy (mɨˈtɒnɨmi is the use of a word for a concept or object associated with the concept/object originally denoted by the word A genericized trademark (also known as a generic trademark or proprietary eponym) is a Trademark or Brand name that has become the colloquial Stigler's law of eponymy is a process proposed by University of Chicago Statistics professor Stephen Stigler in his 1980 publication "Stigler’s

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