| Enrique Olaya Herrera | |
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| In office August 7, 1930 – August 7, 1934 |
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| Preceded by | Miguel Abadia Mendez |
| Succeeded by | Alfonso López Pumarejo |
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| Born | July 4, 1952 Guateque, Boyacá  Colombia |
| Died | February 18, 1937 (aged 56) Vatican City, Rome  Italy |
| Nationality | Colombian |
| Political party | Liberal Party |
| Spouse | María Teresa Londoño Sáenz |
Enrique Olaya Herrera (born on November 12, 1880 in Guateque, Boyacá - died on February 18, 1937 in Rome, Italy) was a Colombian journalist and politician, President of Colombia from August 7, 1930 until August 7, 1934 representing the Colombian Liberal Party. This is a list of the persons that have been President of the Republic of Colombia and of the same territory under different names throughout history List of Presidents of Colombia The President of Colombia (Presidente de Colombia is the Head of state and Head of government of the Republic of Colombia Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great. Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Miguel Abadía Méndez (1867 – 1947 was the President of Colombia for one 4-year term from August 10, 1926 to August 10, Alfonso López Pumarejo (1886 - 1959 was a two-time Colombian President and Political figure, as a member of the Colombian Liberal Party Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Guateque is a town and municipality in the Colombian Department of Boyacá, part of the the subregion of the Eastern Boyacá Province. Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Colombian Liberal Party ( Spanish: Partido Liberal Colombiano PLC is a social liberal - social democratic party in Colombia. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Guateque is a town and municipality in the Colombian Department of Boyacá, part of the the subregion of the Eastern Boyacá Province. Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. A journalist (also called a newspaperman) is a person who practices Journalism, the gathering and dissemination of information about current events trends A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person List of Presidents of Colombia The President of Colombia (Presidente de Colombia is the Head of state and Head of government of the Republic of Colombia Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great. Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Colombian Liberal Party ( Spanish: Partido Liberal Colombiano PLC is a social liberal - social democratic party in Colombia. [1]
Contents |
Early years
Olaya Herrera grew up in an intellectual environment full of inconformism and erudism and had to live in through the Thousand Days War. The Thousand Days War ( 1899 - 1902) (Spanish Guerra de los Mil Días) was a civil armed conflict in the newly created Republic of Colombia, (including He studied in the local public school of Guateque along his parents. Guateque is a town and municipality in the Colombian Department of Boyacá, part of the the subregion of the Eastern Boyacá Province. He was son of Justiniano Olaya and Emperatriz Herrera Olaya Herrera had two brothers; Leonidas and Joaquín. When he was 12 years old, Olaya Herrera was regarded as the "child journalist of Guateque" because he founded a newspaper called "El Patriota" (The Patriot) and with he obtained many exchange notes with major newspapers like El Espectador based in Medellín. History Since its foundation El Espectador acted as a speaker for Colombian Liberal Party, at the time opposed to the administrations of the conservative Medellín, officially the Municipio de Medellín (Spanish or Municipality of Medellín (English pronunciation mɛdəˈjiːn or, Spanish: or) is the second Olaya Herrera studied Law in the Republicana University and founded a weekly magazine called "El Estudiante" (The Student) in a newspaper format and which was written by hand. [2]
Political career
Olaya Herrera is a member of the Centennial Generation which date from 1925 to 1940 and grouped a bunch of ideologues and leaders in which were notable Alfonso López Pumarejo, Laureano Gómez, Eduardo Santos, Mariano Ospina Pérez, Roberto Urdaneta Arbeláez, Luis López de Mesa, Luis Eduardo Nieto Caballero and others. Alfonso López Pumarejo (1886 - 1959 was a two-time Colombian President and Political figure, as a member of the Colombian Liberal Party Laureano Eleuterio Gómez Castro (1889 – 1965 was President of Colombia from 1950 to 1953 and long time leader of the Colombian Conservative Party. Eduardo Santos Montejo ( Bogotá, August 28, 1888 - Bogotá, March 27, 1974) was a leading Colombian publisher Mariano Ospina Pérez (born in Medellín, Antioquia on November 24, 1891 - died in Bogotá on April 14, 1976 Roberto Urdaneta Arbeláez (born in Bogotá, DC on June 27, 1890 - died in Bogotá DC on August 20, 1972) was an Luis López de Mesa (*1884 - †1967 medical doctor psychiatrist and pedagogue rector of the National University of Colombia, and Minister of Education
During the Regeneration Olaya Herrera attacked it as he became a journalist for the newspaper "El Autonomista" (The Autonomist) which was owned by Rafael Uribe Uribe and Ricardo Tirado Macias. Rafael Uribe Uribe (born April 12, 1859 in Valparaíso, Antioquia - died October 15, 1914 in Bogotá) was Back in his hometown of Guateque Olaya Herrera maintained a newspaper called "El Soldado Cubano" (The Cuban Soldier) in which he showed his admiration for José Martí. José Julián Martí Pérez ( January 28, 1853 &ndash May 19, 1895) Born in Havana from Spanish parents his short life was dedicated to gaining
The bipartisan political convulsion between the Liberal Party and the Conservative Party had escalated and provoked the thousand days civil war. The Colombian Liberal Party ( Spanish: Partido Liberal Colombiano PLC is a social liberal - social democratic party in Colombia. The Colombian Conservative Party (Partido Conservador Colombiano is a conservative, Right wing / Center right, Colombian political party The Thousand Days War ( 1899 - 1902) (Spanish Guerra de los Mil Días) was a civil armed conflict in the newly created Republic of Colombia, (including Most of the centennial generation was pushed into the war to follow their political beliefs. Olaya Herrera was also pushed into active participation in politics along the Liberal Party. Olaya Herrera radicalized and joined the armed liberal militias led by General Cenón Figueredo. Olaya Herrera participated in a confrontation in the village of Nocaima, Cundinamarca. Nocaima is a municipality and town of Colombia in the department of Cundinamarca.
After the war Olaya Herrera continued studying Law and finally graduated with a thesis named "La Liberacion Condicional" (The Conditional Freedom) and was published by the University. In 1904 he obtained a doctorate in jurisprudence and in 1906 he traveled to Belgium where he studied diplomacy and sociology at the Université Libre de Bruxelles focusing on diplomacy, politics and journalism. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those The Université Libre de Bruxelles (or ULB) is a French -speaking University in Brussels
Politics and constitutional reform
Upon his return from Belgium, Olaya Herrera joined the cause against the government of General Rafael Reyes criticizing the treaties between the United States, Colombia and the loss of Panama. Rafael Reyes Prieto (born December 5, 1849, Santa Rosa de Viterbo, Boyacá, Colombia &ndash died February 18, 1921 The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Panama, officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá) is the southernmost country of Central America. On March 13, 1909 Olaya Herrera publicly made a speech during a Liberal Party event in which he officially participated along with Nicolás Esguerra, José Vicente Concha and Miguel Abadía Méndez in a movement called "Trecemarcismo" from "13 de Marzo" (March the 13th). José Vicente Concha ( 1867 - December 8 1929) was a Colombian Politician who served as President of Colombia from 1914-1918 Miguel Abadía Méndez (1867 – 1947 was the President of Colombia for one 4-year term from August 10, 1926 to August 10, After President Reyes resignation on March 16, 1909 Olaya Herrera postulated himself for the Constituent Assembly and was later elected. He helped reform the Colombian Constitution of 1886 representing the Quesada Department. Wikisource has original text related to this article Among his party members participating were Rafael Uribe Uribe, Benjamín Herrera, Gabriel Vargas Santos, Nicolás Esguerra, Tomás O. Rafael Uribe Uribe (born April 12, 1859 in Valparaíso, Antioquia - died October 15, 1914 in Bogotá) was Eastman, Carmelo Arango and Tomás Quevedo Álvarez. The conservatives had deputies Carlos E. Restrepo, José Vicente Concha, Pedro Nel Ospina, Guillermo Valencia, Emilio Forero, Hernando Holguín, Abel Carbonell, Pedro M. Carlos Eugenio Restrepo Restrepo ( September 12, 1867 – July 6, 1937) was a Colombian lawyer writer and statesman who was José Vicente Concha ( 1867 - December 8 1929) was a Colombian Politician who served as President of Colombia from 1914-1918 Pedro Nel Ospina (1858&ndash1927 was a Colombian General and Political figure. Guillermo Valencia Castillo ( October 29, 1873, Popayán, Colombia – July 8, 1943, Popayán) was a Colombian Carreño and Guillermo Quintero Calderón. Both sides concluded the constitutional reform and initiated a period of reconciliation, political tolerance and a sense of nationalism. Carlos Eugenio Restrepo assumed the presidency of Colombia from 1910 until 1914 sponsored by the Republican Party which Olaya Herrera supported. Carlos Eugenio Restrepo Restrepo ( September 12, 1867 – July 6, 1937) was a Colombian lawyer writer and statesman who was
President Restrepo appointed Olaya Herrera as the first Minister of Foreign Relations on August 7, 1910 until his resignation on November 23, 1911. During the administration of President Jorge Holguín, Olaya Herrera was appointed to the same office from 1921 until January 4, 1922 for who he also served as Minister of Agriculture. Jorge Marcelo Holguín Mallarino (Born October 30, 1848 in Cali, Died March 2, 1928 in Bogotá) was a Colombian During the 1920s Olaya Herrera served also as a diplomat (mainly improving Colombian relations with the United States) and with the Colombian congress. The Congress of the Republic of Colombia (Congreso de la República de Colombia is the name given to Colombia 's Bicameral national Legislature.
Presidential candidate
During the 1930s the Liberal leadership considered Olaya Herrera as the most suitable leader to recover the presidency from the Regeneration Movement hegemony. He was appointed by the Liberl party in Bogotá as presidential candidate after a group of liberal and conservative friends registered him in the candidates list on January 22, 1930 in the town of Puerto Berrío. Bogotá —officially named Bogotá DC (DC for " Distrito Capital " which means "Capital District" formerly called Santa Fe de Bogotá Puerto Berrío is a Municipality and town in the Colombian department of Antioquia. Olaya Herrera named his political movement "Concentracion Nacional" (National Concentration).
Olaya Herra was elected on February 9, 1930 with 369,962 votes against the other candidates Guillermo Valencia with 213,417 votes and Alfredo Vázquez Cobo with 213,417 votes. Guillermo Valencia Castillo ( October 29, 1873, Popayán, Colombia – July 8, 1943, Popayán) was a Colombian Former conservative president Carlos Eugenio Restrepo adhered to Olaya Herrera among other light conservatives. Carlos Eugenio Restrepo Restrepo ( September 12, 1867 – July 6, 1937) was a Colombian lawyer writer and statesman who was
Presidency
Olaya Herrera began a concertation government giving half of his government public offices (mainly ministries and department governments) to the opposition party led by Laureano Gómez, but his party members gradually pushed them out of office. Laureano Eleuterio Gómez Castro (1889 – 1965 was President of Colombia from 1950 to 1953 and long time leader of the Colombian Conservative Party.
Economic crisis and War with Peru
- See also: Colombia-Peru War
After the Wall Street Crash of 1929 Olaya Herrera was given special faculties and dictated some economic reforms that developed at some level the industry and manage the debt generated by the war with Peru which originated in 1932 when the Amazonian port of Leticia was taken over by invading Peruvian soldiers. The Wall Street Crash of 1929, also known as the ’29 Crash, the Crash of 1929, the Great Crash of 1929, the Great Crash of October 1929 The Amazonía Region is a region in southern Colombia. It comprises the departments of Amazonas, Caquetá, Guainía, Putumayo Leticia is a City in the Republic of Colombia. capital of the department of Amazonas, and Colombia's southernmost town (4 General Alfredo Vázquez Cobo was entrusted by Olaya Herrera to lead the armed operations in southern Colombia. The war was financed by the government and the solidarity of the citizens, who donated jewelry and money to support the cause. After many battles the war ended with the signing of the Rio de Janeiro Protocol in 1934. [3]
Public works
During his government Olaya Herrera tried to develop the Colombian national industry and for this he supported many infrastructure projects mainly highways, maritime and fluvial ports (Barranquilla and Buenaventura) and railroads. Barranquilla, an industrial portuary and special district is a city and municipality located in northern Colombia by the Caribbean sea. Buenaventura is a port city and municipality located in the department of Valle del Cauca, Colombia ( South America) He also supported public education and the exploration and exploitation of energy natural resources such as oil, mainly in the northern region of Catatumbo.
Olaya Herrera also tried to improve the association between guilds, for that he created a Bank of Agrarian Credit (Spanish: Caja de Crédito Agrario), the Mortgage Central Bank (Spanish: Banco Central Hipotecario) to finance low income housing and for the improvement of production and exporting of Coffee products the government of Olaya Herrera also created the Colombian Coffee-growers Federation. A guild is an association of craftsmen in a particular trade The earliest guilds were formed as confraternities of workers He also helped introduce labor law reforms.
Public order issues
During the first two years as president there were two main focus of violence in the country; in Boyaca and Santander initially motivated by political reasons. The town with most problems were Chiquinquirá, the towns of western Boyaca, the Garcia Rovira Province in Santander Department and some towns in the areas of Norte de Santander Department were conservative public employees resisted being in charge of liberals until the end of his government on August 7, 1934. Chiquinquirá is a town and municipality in the Colombian Department of Boyacá, part of the the subregion of the Western Boyacá Province
post-government and death
After finishing his term as president in 1935 Olaya Herrera was appointed Minister of Foreign Relations during the government of Alfonso López Pumarejo and later appointed ambassador of Colombia to the State of the Vatican City in Rome, Italy where he died on February 18, 1937 serving. Alfonso López Pumarejo (1886 - 1959 was a two-time Colombian President and Political figure, as a member of the Colombian Liberal Party Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He was planning to run for a presidential reelection upon his return to Colombia.
Personal life
Olaya Herrera married María Teresa Londoño Sáenz in 1911 and had two daughters; Maria and Lucia.
References
External links
| Preceded by Miguel Abadia Mendez |
President of Colombia 1930–1934 |
Succeeded by Alfonso López Pumarejo |
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