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| Mesopotamian | |
| Levantine | |
| Arabian | |
| Mesopotamia | |
| Primordial beings | |
| The great gods | |
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| Spirits & monsters | |
| Tales from Babylon | |
| 7 Gods who Decree | |
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4 primary: |
3 sky: |
Enlil (EN = Lord+ LIL = Air, "Lord of the Open" or "Lord of the Wind")[1] was the name of a chief deity listed and written about in ancient Sumerian, Akkadian, Hittite, Canaanite and other Mesopotamian clay and stone tablets. Ancient Semitic religion spans the Polytheistic religions of the Semitic speaking peoples of the Ancient Near East. The word mythology (from the Greek grc μυθολογία mythología, meaning "a story-telling a legendary lore" Mesopotamian mythology is the collective name given to Sumerian Akkadian Assyrian and Babylonian mythologies from the land between the Tigris In the Levantine pantheon the Elohim are the sons of El the ancient of days (olam assembled on the divine holy place Mount Zephon ( Jebel This is a sub-article to Pre-Islamic Arabia Arabian mythology comprises the ancient Pre-Islamic beliefs of the Arabs Prior to the Mesopotamia (from the Greek meaning "land between the rivers" is an area geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers largely corresponding The Anunna are the fifty great gods of Sumerian mythology. Some of them are associated with specific cities while others bear a strong resemblance to the functions of patron The Epic of Gilgamesh is an epic poem from Ancient Mesopotamia and is among the earliest known works of literary fiction. In Sumerian mythology, the utukku were a type of Spirit or Demon that could be either benevolent or evil Babylonian mythology is a set of stories depicting the activities of Babylonian deities, Heroes and Mythological creatures While these stories Mesopotamian mythology is the collective name given to Sumerian Akkadian Assyrian and Babylonian mythologies from the land between the Tigris In Sumerian mythology and later for Assyrians and Babylonians Anu (also An; (from Sumerian *An = sky heaven was a sky-god In Sumerian mythology, Ninhursag (NINURSAG was the earth and mother- Goddess, one of the seven great deities of Sumer. Enki ( Sumerian: dENKI(G 𒂗𒆠 was a Deity in Sumerian mythology, later known as Ea in Babylonian mythology Ishtar ( D IŠTAR 𒀭𒌋𒁯 is the Assyrian and Babylonian counterpart to the Sumerian Inanna and to Sin (Akkadian Sîn, Suen; Sumerian Nanna) is a Sumerian God in Mesopotamian mythology. For the Canaanite sun godess see Shemesh Shamash was the common Akkadian name of the Sun-god and god of justice in Babylonia EN (Borger 2003 nr 164; U+ 12097 𒂗 also read ENSI) is the Sumerian Cuneiform for " Lord " or " The name is perhaps pronounced and sometimes rendered in translations as Ellil in later Akkadian, Hittite and Canaanite literature.
Enlil was considered to be the god of breath, wind, air and space. [2]
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Origins
One story names his origins as the exhausted breath of An (god of the heavens) and Ki (goddess of the Earth) after sexual union. In Sumerian mythology and later for Assyrians and Babylonians Anu (also An; (from Sumerian *An = sky heaven was a sky-god Ki (earth in Sumerian mythology was the goddess and personification of the earth and underworld chief consort of An (heaven the sky god
When Enlil was a young god, he was banished from Dilmun, home of the gods, to Kur, the underworld for raping a young girl named Ninlil. Dilmun (sometimes transliterated Telmun) is a land mentioned by Mesopotamian Civilizations as a trade partner source of raw material copper and Entrepot For the river see Kur River; for the village in Azerbaijan see Kür. In Sumerian mythology, Ninlil (𒀭𒊩𒌆𒆤 D NIN.LÍL"lady of the open field" or "Lady of the Air" first called Ninlil followed him to the underworld where she bore his first child, the moon god Sin (Sumerian Nanna - Suen). Sin (Akkadian Sîn, Suen; Sumerian Nanna) is a Sumerian God in Mesopotamian mythology. After fathering three more underworld deities (subtitutes for Sin), Enlil was allowed to return to Dilmun. [3] [4]
Enlil was also known as the inventor of the pickaxe/hoe (favorite tool of the Sumerians) and caused plants to grow[5].
Cosmological role
Enlil, along with Anu/An, Enki and Ninhursag was one of the four gods of the Sumerians [6]. In Sumerian mythology and later for Assyrians and Babylonians Anu (also An; (from Sumerian *An = sky heaven was a sky-god Enki ( Sumerian: dENKI(G 𒂗𒆠 was a Deity in Sumerian mythology, later known as Ea in Babylonian mythology In Sumerian mythology, Ninhursag (NINURSAG was the earth and mother- Goddess, one of the seven great deities of Sumer.
By his wife Ninlil or Sud, Enlil was father of the moon god Nanna - (Suen) (in Akkadian Sin) and of Ninurta (also called Ningirsu). In Sumerian mythology, Ninlil (𒀭𒊩𒌆𒆤 D NIN.LÍL"lady of the open field" or "Lady of the Air" first called Sin (Akkadian Sîn, Suen; Sumerian Nanna) is a Sumerian God in Mesopotamian mythology. Sin (Akkadian Sîn, Suen; Sumerian Nanna) is a Sumerian God in Mesopotamian mythology. Sin (Akkadian Sîn, Suen; Sumerian Nanna) is a Sumerian God in Mesopotamian mythology. Ninurta ( Nin Ur: Lord of the Earth/Plough in Sumerian and Akkadian mythology was the god of Nippur, identified with Ningirsu Enlil is sometimes father of Nergal, of Nisaba the goddess of grain, of Pabilsag who is sometimes equated with Ninurta, and sometimes of Enbilulu. The name Nergal (or Nirgal, Nirgali) refers to a Deity in Babylonia with the main seat Nanibgal ( D NANIBGAL B010ellstpng|100x20px|AN]] 𒀭𒀭𒉀 D NÁNIBGAL 𒀭𒀭𒊺𒉀 also Nisaba or Nidaba Pabilsag in Mesopotamian tradition was a tutelary god of the city of Isin. Enbilulu was a rivers and Canals god in Mesopotamian mythology By Ereshkigal Enlil was father of Namtar. In Mesopotamian mythology, Ereshkigal ( D EREŠ. KI. GAL, lit In Mesopotamian mythology Namtar was a hellish Deity, god of death and the messenger of An, Ereshkigal, and Nergal.
Cultural histories
Enlil is associated with the ancient city of Nippur, sometimes referred to as the cult city of Enlil. Nippur (URUENLIL; Sumerian: Nibru Akkadian: Nibbur) from the Sumerian for 'lord wind' (Enlil is modern ? in Afak Al Qadisyah [7]
At a very early period prior to 3000 BC—Nippur had become the centre of a political district of considerable extent. The 30th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 3000 BC to 2901 BC Inscriptions found at Nippur, where extensive excavations were carried on during 1888–1900 by John P Peters and John Henry Haynes, under the auspices of the University of Pennsylvania, show that Enlil was the head of an extensive pantheon. Year 1888 ( MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar The University of Pennsylvania (also known as Penn) is a private University located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Babylonian mythology is a set of stories depicting the activities of Babylonian deities, Heroes and Mythological creatures While these stories Among the titles accorded to him are "king of lands," "king of heaven and earth" and "father of the gods".
His chief temple at Nippur was known as Ekur, signifying 'House of the mountain', and such was the sanctity acquired by this edifice that Babylonian and Assyrian rulers, down to the latest days, vied with one another in embellishing and restoring Enlil's seat of worship, and the name Ekur became the designation of a temple in general. Early history The most Neolithic site in Assyria is at Tell Hassuna, the center of the Hassuna culture
Grouped around the main sanctuary, there arose temples and chapels to the gods and goddesses who formed his court, so that Ekur became the name for an entire sacred precinct in the city of Nippur. The name "mountain house" suggests a lofty structure and was perhaps the designation originally of the staged tower at Nippur, built in imitation of a mountain, with the sacred shrine of the god on the top.
Enlil was also the God of weather. According to the Sumerians, Enlil helped create the humans, but then got tired of their noise and tried to kill them by sending a flood. A mortal known as Utanapistim survived the flood, and he was made immortal by Enlil.
References
- ^ Halloran, John A. ; "Sumerian Lexicon: Version 3. 0"; December 10th, 2006 at http://www.sumerian.org/sumerlex.htm
- ^ Neo-Sumerian inscriptions clay, Babylonia, 1900-1700 BC, image with translations on display at http://www.earth-history.com/Sumer/Clay-tablets.htm
- ^ [1].
- ^ Sumerian Mythology: A Review Article, Thorkild Jacobsen, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Vol. 5, No. 2. (Apr. , 1946), pp. 128-152.
- ^ Hooke. S. H. , Middle Eastern Mythology, Dover Publications, 2004
- ^ Kramer, Samuel Noah, "The Sumerian Deluge Myth: Reviewed and Revised" Anatolian Studies, Vol. 33, Special Number in Honour of the Seventy-Fifth Birthday of Dr. Richard Barnett. (1983), pp. 115-121.
- ^ Review: Enki and the Theology of Eridu William W. Hallo, Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 116, No. 2. (Apr. - Jun. , 1996), pp. 231-234
External links
- ETCSL "Enlil and Ninlil" and "Enlil and Sud": Unicode and ASCII.
- Gateway to Babylon: "Enlil and Ninlil", trans. Thorkild Jacobsen.
- ETCSL "Enlil in the Ekur": Unicode and ASCII.
- Houghton-Mifflin: A Hymn to the Sky-God Enlil.
- "The Song of the Hoe" in ETCSL—Songs, elegies and related compositions: Unicode and ASCII.
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