English unit - Citizendia

English unit is the American name for a unit in one of a number of systems of units of measurement, some obsolete, and some still in use in present-day USA, the UK, and elsewhere. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The modern United States customary units system as a whole is not, and has never been, used in England, and the modern imperial units system as a whole is not, and has never been, used in the United States. US customary units, also known in the United States as English units or Imperial units (in reference to the British Empire) (but see English England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Imperial units or the Imperial system is a collection of units first defined in the British Weights and Measures Act of 1824 Both of those more specific subsystems are part of the English units.

Most of the units are based on, but not necessarily the same as, old units used in historical England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland In spite of the name, 'English unit' does not refer to the (non-SI) system of units with similar names still in widespread but unofficial use in England and the rest of the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located These other units with similar names, but often different sizes, in use the UK are called the Imperial System, and in most but not all cases have been phased out in favour of the Metric System. Imperial units or the Imperial system is a collection of units first defined in the British Weights and Measures Act of 1824 The metric system is a decimalised system of measurement. It exists in several variations with different choices of base units, though the choice of base units does

Various standards under the name 'English units' have applied at different times, in different places and for different things. Prior to the Battle of Hastings in 1066 the Anglo-Saxon system of measurement had been based on the units of the barleycorn and the gyrd (rod), inherited from tribes from Germany. The Battle of Hastings was the decisive Norman victory in the Norman Conquest of England. For their language see Anglo-Saxon language. Anglo-Saxon is the term usually used to describe the invading Tribes in the south Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. After the Norman conquest, Roman units were reintroduced. The ancient Roman units of measurement were built on the Hellenic system with Egyptian, Hebrew, and Mesopotamian influences The resultant system of English units was a combination of the Anglo-Saxon and Roman systems.

Later development of the English system continued by defining the units by law in the Magna Carta of 1215, and issuing measurement standards from the then capital Winchester. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Magna Carta ( Latin for Great Charter, literally " Great Paper " also called Magna Carta Libertatum ( Great Charter of Freedoms Winchester or Winton ( archaic) is a historic city in southern England, with a population of around 40000 within a radius of its centre Standards were renewed in 1496, 1588 and 1758. The last Imperial Standard Yard in bronze was made in 1845; it served as the standard in the United Kingdom until the yard was internationally redefined as 0. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located 9144 metre in 1959 (statutory implementation: Weights and Measures Act of 1963).

The use of the English system spread throughout the British Isles and to the British colonies. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland These units form the basis for the Imperial system formerly used in Commonwealth countries and the customary system used in the United States. US customary units, also known in the United States as English units or Imperial units (in reference to the British Empire) (but see English The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Whilst these two systems are quite similar there are a number of notable differences between the Imperial and U.S. systems. Both the imperial and United States customary Systems of measurement derive from earlier English systems.

Usage of the term "English System" or "English Unit" is common in the US, but it is problematical. It can be ambiguous. It usually refers to either the Imperial System or the US Customary System, and in cases where these two systems differ, it is not clear which system is being described. Some people also call it the "British system" in the US. It is interesting to note that referring to this system as the British or English system almost only occurs in the United States, mainly causing confusion in the United Kingdom when reading from American sources.

1 Length
2 Area
- 2.1 Administrative units
3 Volume
4 Weight
5 See also
6 External links

Length

Chart showing the relationships of distance measures.

poppyseed: ¼ of a barleycorn
barleycorn: Basic Anglo-Saxon unit, the length of a corn of barley. A poppy is any of a number of showy Flowers typically withone per stem, belonging to the poppy family. The unit survived after 1066, redefined as 1/3 inch. Note the relation to the grain unit of weight.
digit: ¾ inch
finger: 7/8 inch
hand: 4 inches
ynch, inch: Anglo Saxon inch, 3 barleycorns. A digit ( lat finger) when used as a unit of length is usually a sixteenth of a foot, i A finger (sometimes finger-breadth) is usually seven eighths of an Inch or 2 See also Hand A hand (or handbreadth) is a unit of length Measurement, originally based on the breadth of a Male Human hand Inches redirects here To see the Les Savy Fav album see Inches. Based on the Roman uncia from 1066.
nail: 3 digits = 2¼ inches = 1/16 yard
palm: 3 inches
shaftment: Width of the hand and outstretched thumb, 6½ ynches before 1066, 6 inches thereafter
span: Width of the outstretched hand, from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the little finger, 3 palms = 9 inches
foot: Usually 13 inches but also other variants. A nail, when used as a unit is usually one sixteenth of a certain base unit A palm, when used as a unit of length is usually four digits ( fingers) or three Inches i The shaftment is a unit of length 6 - 6½ Inches or 2 palms i Span is the width of a Human hand from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the Pinky finger. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Shortened to 12 inches by basing it on the Roman pes from 1066.
cubit: Forearm, 18 inches. For the multi-touch interface see CUBIT (multi-touch. For the unit of information see Qubit.
yard: Introduced after 1066, 3 feet = 36 inches. A yard (abbreviation yd) is a unit of Length in several different systems including English units Imperial units and United
ell: Elbow, 20 nails = 1¼ yard or 45 inches. An ell (from Proto-Indo-European *el- "elbow forearm" is a unit of measurement approximating the distance from the elbow to the wrist Mostly for measuring clothing
fathom: From one fingertip to the other, 6 feet
rod: Saxon gyrd measuring stick, might have been from 20 "natural feet". A fathom is a unit of Length in the Imperial system (and the derived U The rod is a unit of Length equal to 55 Yards 11 Cubits 50292 Meters 16 Retained its length but redefined as 16 ½ Roman feet after 1066.
chain: four linear rods. A chain is a unit of Length; it measures 66 feet or 22 yards (20 Named after the length of surveyor's chain used to measure distances until quite recently. Any of several actual chains used for land surveying and divided in links. Gunter's chain, introduced in the 17th century, is 66 feet. Edmund Gunter ( 1581 - December 10, 1626) English Mathematician, of Welsh descent was born in Hertfordshire in 1581
furlong: "One plough's furrow long" (Saxon furrow is furh), the distance a plough team could be driven without rest. A furlong is a measure of Distance in Imperial units and US customary units. This varied from region to region depending on soil type and local habit. In modern context, it is deemed to be 660 feet, 40 rods or ten chains.
mile: Introduced after 1066, originally the Roman mile at 5000 feet, in 1592 it was extended to 5280 feet to make it an even number (8) of furlongs. A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States A furlong is a measure of Distance in Imperial units and US customary units.
league: Usually three miles. A league is a unit of Length or Area long common in Europe and Latin America, although no longer an official unit in any nation A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States Intended to be an hour's walk.

Area

perch: one rod, when referring to length; one square rod when referring to area; one rod by one foot by a foot and a half when referring to volume (usually specifically for masonry stonework)
acre: area of land one chain (four rods) in width by one furlong in length. The acre is a unit of Area in a number of different systems including the imperial and U As the traditional furlong could vary in length from country to country, so did the acre. In England an acre was 4,840 square yards, in Scotland 6,150 square yards and in Ireland 7,840 square yards. Several native systems of weights and measures were used in Scotland. It is a Saxon unit, meaning field. Probably meant to be "as much area as could be plowed in one day".
rood: one quarter of an acre, confusingly sometimes called an acre itself in many ancient contexts. ROOD jong in de SP ( Dutch for RED young in the SP) is a Dutch youth wing linked to the Socialist Party. One furlong in length by one rod in width, or 40 square rods.
carucate: an area equal to that which can be ploughed by one eight-oxen team in a single year (also called a plough or carve). The carucate was a unit of assessment for tax used in most Danelaw counties of England, and is found for example in Domesday Book. Approximately 120 roods.
bovate: the amount of land one ox can plough in a single year (also called an oxgate). An Oxgang ( Danish: oxgang, Swedish: oxgång, Scottish Gaelic: Damh-imir, Medieval Latin: bovata) Approximately 15 roods or one eighth of a carucate.
virgate: the amount of land a pair of oxen can plough in a single year. The virgate was a unit of land area measurement used in medieval England, typically outside the Danelaw, and was held to be the amount of Approximately 30 roods (also called yard land).

Administrative units

hide: four to eight bovates. The hide was a unit used in assessing land for liability to " Geld " or land tax in Anglo-Saxon England from the 7th to the 11th centuries A unit of yield, rather than area, it measured the amount of land able to support a single household for agricultural and taxation purposes. The household is the basic unit of analysis in many Social, Microeconomic and Government models
knight's fee: five hides. Knight's fee was a feudal term used in mediæval England and Anglo-Norman Ireland to describe the value of land A knight's fee was expected to produce one fully equipped soldier for a knight's retinue in times of war. Knight is the English term for a social position originating in the Middle Ages.
hundred: or wapentake - 100 hides grouped for administrative purposes.

Volume

General

In both the United Kingdom and America, in addition to perch as a measure of length, there is also the perch which refers to the volume measurement of stone; one perch is equal to 16. The rod is a unit of Length equal to 55 Yards 11 Cubits 50292 Meters 16 A perch is as a Unit of measurement used for length area and volume in a number of different systems of measurement 5 ft × 1. 5 ft × 1 ft = 24. 75 cu. ft. of dry stone. The cubic foot is an imperial and US customary (non- metric) unit of Volume, used in the United States Canada and the United Kingdom The relationship to the unit of length (one perch = 16. 5 feet) should be obvious.

Units of volume included:

Mouthful: about ½ Ounce
Jigger: Mouthful × 2 = 1 oz. A jigger or measure,noun is a Bartending tool used to measure Liquor, which is typically then poured into a Cocktail shaker.
Jack or Jackpot: Jigger × 2 = 2 oz.
Gill: Jack × 2 = 4 oz (U. The gill (ˈdʒɪl Homophone of " Jill " is a Unit of measurement for volume equal to a quarter of a Pint. S. ) or 5 oz (imperial).
Cup: Gill × 2 = 8 oz. The cup is a unit of measurement for volume used in cooking to measure bulk foods such as Granulated sugar (dry measurement and liquids ( Fluid measurement
Pint: Cup × 2 = 16 oz. The pint is an English unit of Volume or capacity in the imperial system and United States customary units. (U. S. ) or 20 oz (imperial) (and a "Pint's a pound the world around" or in the United Kingdom, "A pint of pure water weighs a pound and a quarter")

Chart showing the relationships of volume measures.

Quart: Pint × 2 = 32 oz. The quart is an imperial and US customary unit of Volume equal to a quarter of a Gallon. (U. S. ) or 40 oz (imperial)
Pottle or Half Gallon: Quart × 2 = 64 oz. (U. S. ) or 80 oz (imperial)
Gallon: Pottle × 2 = 4 Quarts = 128 oz. A gallon is a measure of Volume. It is in current use in the United States and still has limited use in many other English-speaking countries (U. S. ) or 160 oz (imperial)
Peck: Gallon × 2
Kenning: Peck × 2 = 4 gal. A peck is an imperial and US customary unit of dry volume, equivalent in each of these systems to 8 dry Quarts or 16 dry Pints Two This article is about the unit of dry measure For other uses see Kenning (disambiguation.
Bushel: Kenning × 2 = 8 gal. A bushel is a unit of dry volume, usually subdivided into eight local Gallons in the systems of Imperial units and U
Cask, Strike, or Coomb: Bushel × 2 = 16 gal. A Coomb is a measure of volume Its exact original details are not known
Barrel: Cask × 2 = 32 gal.
Hogshead: Barrel × 2 = 64 gal. A hogshead is a large cask of liquid (less often of a food commodity)
Butt or Pipe: hogshead × 2 = 128 gal. The butt (from the Medieval French and Italian botte) or pipe is an old English unit of Wine casks holding two Hogsheads The butt (from the Medieval French and Italian botte) or pipe is an old English unit of Wine casks holding two Hogsheads
Tun: Butt × 2 = 256 gal. (A tun is a ton)

A Tun would actually be about 2,048 lb. but is a pretty close estimate, given that you would derive the weight and volume all from mouthfuls of water.

Wine

English casks of wine [1]
gallon	rundlet	barrel	tierce	hogshead	firkin, puncheon, tertian	pipe, butt	tun
							1	tun
						1	2	pipes, butts
					1	1+¹⁄₂	3	firkins, puncheons, tertians
				1	1+¹⁄₃	2	4	hogsheads
			1	1+¹⁄₂	2	3	6	tierces
		1	1+¹⁄₃	2	2+²⁄₃	4	8	barrels
	1	1+³⁄₄	2+¹⁄₃	3+¹⁄₂	4+²⁄₃	7	14	rundlets
1	18	31+¹⁄₂	42	63	84	126	252	gallons (US/wine)
3. Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice A gallon is a measure of Volume. It is in current use in the United States and still has limited use in many other English-speaking countries The rundlet is an archaic unit-like size of Wine casks once used in Britain. The tierce is an old English unit of Wine casks holding about 159 litres. A hogshead is a large cask of liquid (less often of a food commodity) A Firkin is an old English unit of volume The name is derived from the Middle Dutch word vierdekijn which means ---- __FORCETOC__ Barrels The original and prime meaning of the word puncheon is a tool or instrument for piercing or punching such as those used for impressing ---- __FORCETOC__ Barrels The original and prime meaning of the word puncheon is a tool or instrument for piercing or punching such as those used for impressing The butt (from the Medieval French and Italian botte) or pipe is an old English unit of Wine casks holding two Hogsheads The butt (from the Medieval French and Italian botte) or pipe is an old English unit of Wine casks holding two Hogsheads US customary units, also known in the United States as English units or Imperial units (in reference to the British Empire) (but see English 79	68. 14	119. 24	158. 99	238. 48	317. 97	476. 96	953. 92	litres
1	15	26+¹⁄₄	35	52+¹⁄₂	70	105	210	gallons (imperial)
4. Imperial units or the Imperial system is a collection of units first defined in the British Weights and Measures Act of 1824 55	68. 19	119. 3	159. 1	238. 7	318. 2	477. 3	954. 7	litres

Brewery

English casks of ale and beer [2]
gallon	firkin	kilderkin	barrel	hogshead	(butt)	(tun)		Year designated
						1	tuns
					1	1+³⁄₄	butts
				1	3	5+¹⁄₄	hogsheads
			1	1+¹⁄₂	4+¹⁄₂	7+⁷⁄₈	barrels
		1	2	3	9	15+³⁄₄	kilderkins
	1	2	4	6	18	31+¹⁄₂	firkins
1	8	16	32	48	144	252	ale gallons (ale)	(1454)
= 4. Ale is a type of Beer brewed from Malted Barley using a top-fermenting Brewers' yeast. Beer is the world's oldest and most widely consumed Alcoholic beverage and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea A gallon is a measure of Volume. It is in current use in the United States and still has limited use in many other English-speaking countries A Firkin is an old English unit of volume The name is derived from the Middle Dutch word vierdekijn which means The kilderkin is an old English unit of volume equal to half a barrel or two firkins A hogshead is a large cask of liquid (less often of a food commodity) The butt (from the Medieval French and Italian botte) or pipe is an old English unit of Wine casks holding two Hogsheads 62	= 36. 97	= 73. 94	= 147. 88	= 221. 82	= 665. 44	= 1164. 52	litres (ale)
1	9	18	36	54	162	283+¹⁄₂	ale gallons (beer)
= 4. 62	= 41. 59	= 83. 18	= 166. 36	= 249. 54	= 748. 62	= 1310. 09	litres (beer)
1	8+¹⁄₂	17	34	51			ale gallons	1688
= 4. 62	= 39. 28	= 78. 56	= 157. 12	= 235. 68			litres	1688
1	9	18	36	54			ale gallons	1803
= 4. 1803 ( MDCCCIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a 62	= 41. 59	= 83. 18	= 166. 36	= 249. 54			litres	1803
1	9	18	36	54			imperial gallons	1824
= 4. Imperial units or the Imperial system is a collection of units first defined in the British Weights and Measures Act of 1824 Year 1824 ( MDCCCXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year 55	= 40. 91	= 81. 83	= 163. 66	= 245. 49			litres	1824

Weight

Chart showing the relationships of weight measures.

The Avoirdupois, Troy and Apothecary systems of weights all shared the same finest unit, the grain, however they differ as to the number of grains there are in a dram, ounce and pound. The avoirdupois (ˌævərdəˈpɔɪz French avwaʀdypwɑ system is a system of weights (or properly Mass) based on a pound of sixteen Ounces Troy weight is a system of units of Mass customarily used for Precious metals Black powder, and Gemstones Named after Troyes In many cultures a grain is a unit of measurement of Mass that is based upon the mass of a single seed of a typical Cereal. The pound or pound-mass (abbreviation lb, lbm, or sometimes in the United States #) is a unit of Mass Originally, this grain was the weight of a grain seed from the middle of an ear of barley. Barley ( Hordeum vulgare) is an annual Cereal Grain, which serves as a major animal Feed crop, with smaller amounts used for There also was a smaller wheat grain, said to be ¾ (barley) grains or about 48. 6 milligrams.

Avoirdupois

Main article: Avoirdupois

grain (gr): 64. The avoirdupois (ˌævərdəˈpɔɪz French avwaʀdypwɑ system is a system of weights (or properly Mass) based on a pound of sixteen Ounces In many cultures a grain is a unit of measurement of Mass that is based upon the mass of a single seed of a typical Cereal. 79891 mg, 1/7000th of a pound
dram/drachm (dr): 27. 34375 gr (sixteenth of an ounce) (possibly originated as the weight of silver in ancient Greek coin drachma)
ounce (oz): 16 dr = 437. Drachma, pl drachmas or drachmae (δραχμή pl δραχμές or δραχμαί (until 1982 is the name of An ancient currency unit found in many This article is about the unit of mass For the unit of force see Pound-force. 5 grains ≈ 28 g
pound (lb): 16 oz = 7000 grains ≈ 454 g (NB: 'lb' stands for libra)
quarter: ¼ cwt
hundredweight (cwt): 112 lb (long) or 100 lb (short)
ton: 20 cwt

Additions:

nail: 1/16 cwt = 7 lb
clove: 7 lb (wool)
stone (st): 2 cloves = 14 lb (an Anglo-Saxon unit changed to fit in)
tod: 2 st = ¼ cwt (long)

Troy and Tower

The Troy and Tower pounds and their subdivisions were used for coins and precious metals. The pound or pound-mass (abbreviation lb, lbm, or sometimes in the United States #) is a unit of Mass Hundred weight or hundredweight is a Unit of measurement for Mass in U Units of mass There are three similar units of Mass called the ton: Long ton (simply ton in countries such as the United A nail, when used as a unit is usually one sixteenth of a certain base unit This article is about the Spice; for other meanings see Clove (disambiguation. The stone is a unit of Weight. It is part of the Imperial system of weights and measures used in the British Isles, and formerly used in most The Tower pound, which is based upon an earlier Anglo-Saxon pound, was abolished in 1527.

In terms of (silver) currency a pound was 20 shillings of 12 pennies each (i. The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency e. 240) from the late 8th century (Charlemagne/Offa of Mercia) to 1971 in the United Kingdom, but lighter than a troy one. The 8th century is the period from 701 to 800 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his Offa was the King of Mercia from 757 until his death in July 796 Most old European currencies, like mark, shilling/solidus/groschen/øre, penny/pfennig/denar, taler/dollar/krone, florin/gulden/guilder/pound/złoty also belong into this monetary system. This article is about the archaic weight of measure/currency For other uses of mark, see the disambiguation page Mark. The shilling is a unit of Currency used in current and former Commonwealth countries and was continued to be used in countries that left the commonwealth

Troy

grain (gr): ≈ 65 mg
pennyweight (dwt): 24 gr ≈ 1. In many cultures a grain is a unit of measurement of Mass that is based upon the mass of a single seed of a typical Cereal. A pennyweight (dwt is a unit of Mass which is the same as 24 grains, 1/240th of a Troy pound, 1/20th of a Troy ounce, approximately 0 56 g
ounce (oz t): 20 dwt = 480 gr ≈ 31. This article is about the unit of mass For the unit of force see Pound-force. 1 g
pound (lb t): 12 oz t = 5760 gr ≈ 373 g
mark: 8 oz t

Tower

tower ounce: 18¾ dwt = 450 gr ≈ 29 g
tower pound: 12 oz T = 225 dwt = 5400 gr ≈ 350 g

Apothecary

grain (gr): ≈ 65 mg
scruple (s ap): 20 gr
dram (dr ap): 3 s ap = 60 gr
ounce (oz ap): 8 dr ap = 480 gr
pound (lb ap): 5760 gr = 1 lb t

Others

Merchants/Mercantile pound: 15 oz tower = 6750 gr ≈ 437. The pound or pound-mass (abbreviation lb, lbm, or sometimes in the United States #) is a unit of Mass The mark was originally a unit of Mass for Gold and Silver common throughout Western Europe, and was equal to 8 Troy ounces (249 The pound or pound-mass (abbreviation lb, lbm, or sometimes in the United States #) is a unit of Mass In many cultures a grain is a unit of measurement of Mass that is based upon the mass of a single seed of a typical Cereal. This article is about the unit of mass For the unit of force see Pound-force. The pound or pound-mass (abbreviation lb, lbm, or sometimes in the United States #) is a unit of Mass 4 g
London/Mercantile pound: 15 oz troy = 16 oz tower = 7200 gr ≈ 466. 6 g
Mercantile stone: 12 lb L ≈ 5. 6 kg
Tron pound (Edinburgh/Scots): 16 oz Tron ≈ 623. 5 g
Butcher's stone: 8 lb ≈ 3. 63 kg
Sack: 26 st = 364 lb ≈ 165 kg

The carat was once specified as four grains in the English-speaking world. The carat is a unit of Mass used for measuring gems and Pearls Currently a carat is defined as exactly 200 mg (0 Some local units in the English dominion were (re-)defined in simple terms of English units, such as the Indian tola of 180 grains. A tola is a traditional South Asian unit of Mass, now standardised as 0

**English pounds**
Unit	Pounds						Ounces			Grains	Metric
Unit	avdp.	troy	tower	merc.	lond.	metric	avdp.	troy	tower	Grains	g	kg
Avoirdupois	1	¹⁷⁵⁄₁₄₄	³⁵⁄₂₇	²⁸⁄₂₇	³⁵⁄₃₆	~¹⁰⁄₁₁	16	14+⁷⁄₁₂	15+⁵⁄₉	7000	~454	~⁹⁄₂₀
Troy	¹⁴⁴⁄₁₇₅	1	¹⁶⁄₁₅	⁶⁴⁄₇₅	⁵⁄₆	~³⁄₄	13+²⁹⁄₁₇₅	12	12+⁴⁄₅	5760	~373	~³⁄₈
Tower	²⁷⁄₃₅	¹⁵⁄₁₆	1	⁴⁄₅	³⁄₄	~⁷⁄₁₀	12+¹²⁄₃₅	11+¹⁄₄	12	5400	~350	~⁷⁄₂₀
Merchant	²⁷⁄₂₈	⁷⁵⁄₆₄	⁵⁄₄	1	¹⁵⁄₁₆	~⁷⁄₈	15+³⁄₇	14+¹⁄₁₆	15	6750	~437	~⁷⁄₁₆
London	³⁶⁄₃₅	⁶⁄₅	⁴⁄₃	¹⁶⁄₁₅	1	~¹⁴⁄₁₅	16+¹⁶⁄₃₅	15	16	7200	~467	~⁷⁄₁₅
Metric	~¹¹⁄₁₀	~⁴⁄₃	~¹⁰⁄₇	~⁸⁄₇	~¹⁵⁄₁₄	1	~17+³⁄₅	~16	~17+¹⁄₇	~7716	500	¹⁄₂

See also: slug and poundal. The slug is an English unit of Mass. It is a mass that accelerates by 1 ft/s² when a force of one Pound-force (lbf is exerted on it The poundal is a non- SI unit of Force. It is a part of the Foot-pound-second system of units a coherent subsystem of English units introduced

External links

English Customary Weights and Measures
Jacques J. Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed The Domesday Book (ˈduːmzdeɪ bʊk also known as Domesday, or Book of Winchester) was the record of the great survey Units of measurement were among the earliest tools invented by humans Both the imperial and United States customary Systems of measurement derive from earlier English systems. The "Plan for Establishing Uniformity in the Coinage Weights and Measures of the United States" was a report submitted to the U Approximate conversion of units often needs to be done without calculator computer or sometimes even longhand Metrication (or metrification refers to the introduction of the SI metric system as the International standard for physical measurements—a long-term series Winchester measure is a set of legal standards of volume defined in the city of Winchester, England during the tenth century and in use with some modifications until the present Proot's Anglo-Saxon weights & measures page.
Alexander Justice, "A General Discourse of the Weights and Measures" (London, 1707).

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