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English American
Notable English Americans:
George Washington · James Dean · Francis Scott Key
Flag of England Flag of the United States
Total population

English
24,509,692 Americans
8. acknowledging their English ancestory (see English American They must in other words George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the James Byron Dean ( February 8 1931 &ndash September 30 1955) was a two-time Oscar -nominated American Film Francis Scott Key ( August 1, 1779 &ndash January 11, 1843) was an American Lawyer, author and amateur 7% of the US population
Regions with significant populations
Throughout the Entire United States
Languages
American English
Religions
Episcopalian, Methodist, other Protestant, and to a lesser extent Roman Catholic
Related ethnic groups
English people, English Canadians, Britons, British Americans (Scottish Americans,Scots-Irish Americans,Welsh Americans)

English Americans (occasionally known as Anglo-Americans, although this may have a less precise meaning) are citizens of the United States whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in England. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Phonology North American English regional phonology In many ways compared to English English, North American English is conservative in its Phonology. Methodism is a movement within Protestant Christianity represented by a number of denominations and organizations Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. The English people (from the adjective in Englisc) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to England who predominantly speak English English Canada|Canadians of English descentAn English Canadian is a Canadian whose principal language is English or who is of English ancestry; it is used Scottish Americans or Scots Americans are Citizens of the United States whose ancestry originates in Scotland. Scotch-Irish (the historically common term in North America) or Scots-Irish refers to inhabitants of the United States and by some of Canada In the 2000 Census 175 million Americans reported Welsh ancestry, 0 The term Anglo is used as a prefix to indicate a relation to the Angles, England or the English people, as in the phrases ' Anglo-Saxon ' ' The United States of America —commonly referred to as the England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland According to 2000 U.S census data, English Americans form the third largest European ancestry group, after German Americans and Irish Americans. The United States is a diverse country racially and ethnically. German Americans ( German: Deutschamerikaner) are citizens of the United States of Ethnic German ancestry Irish Americans (Gael-Mheiriceánach are citizens of the United States who can claim ancestry originating in Ireland.

The earliest English settlers in America inhabited the Protestant Colony and Dominion of Virginia, founded by the Tudors. The Colony of Virginia (also known frequently as the Virginia Colony and occasionally as the Dominion and Colony of Virginia) was the English colony The Tudor dynasty or House of Tudor was an English royal Dynasty that lasted 118 years from 1485 to 1603 a period known as the Tudor period The Catholic Province of Maryland was founded by the Stuarts, in between the two halves of Virginia. The Province of Maryland was an English colony in North America that existed from 1632 until 1776 when it joined the other twelve of the Thirteen colonies The House of Stuart or Stewart was a Royal house of the Kingdom of Scotland, later also of the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of The Virginia Company refers collectively to a pair of English joint stock companies chartered by James I in 1606 with the purposes of establishing The later Quaker Province of Pennsylvania was founded for the professed purpose of Christian friendship, influential under the Hanoverians. The Province of Pennsylvania, also known as Pennsylvania Colony, was a North American colony granted to William Penn on March 4, 1681 The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) is a Germanic royal Dynasty which has ruled the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg

As with most immigrant groups, the English later sought economic prosperity and began migrating in large numbers without state support, particularly in the 19th century [1]. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar English people make up an estimated 8. 7% of the total U. S. population, and the English language is spoken by 82% of the U. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States S. population as their only language (with 96% of the population speaking it fluently/ very well to well).

Contents

Number of English Americans

Census Data

See:History of immigration to the United States

U. Population and immigration 15000 BC - AD 1500 See also Models of migration to the New World The first humans in North America are believed to have migrated S. Historical Populations
Country Immigrants Before 1790 Population 1790 -1
England* 230,000 2,100,000
Total -6 950,000 3,900,000

1790 Census

The ancestry of the 3. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland 9 million population in 1790 has been estimated by various sources by sampling last names in the very first United States official census and assigning them a country of origin. From the results we can see that English people were about 54% of the total United States population. The English people (from the adjective in Englisc) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to England who predominantly speak English

2000 Census

In the 2000 Census, 24. 5 million Americans reported English ancestry, 8. 7% of the total U. S. population. This estimate is a serious undercount by 30+ million given the fact in the 1980 census 50 million claimed to be of English ancestry. 23,748,772 Americans claimed wholly English ancestry and another 25,849,263 claimed English along with another ethnic ancestry. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The English people (from the adjective in Englisc) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to England who predominantly speak English [2] 80 million people in the 2000 census were listed under 'other ancestries' and 20 million as 'American. ' In 1860 an estimated 11 million or almost 35% of the population of the United States was wholly or partly of English ancestry. The population has increased by almost ten times the numbers in 1860. As with any ethnicity, Americans of English descent may choose to identify themselves as American if their ancestry has been in America for many generations, or for the same reason may be unaware of their lineage.

Distribution

English Americans are found in large numbers throughout America, particularly in the Northeast and West. The Northeast is a region of the United States. As defined by the U The Western United States &mdashcommonly referred to as the American West or simply the West &mdashtraditionally refers to the region comprising the westernmost According to the 2000 US census, the 10 states with the largest populations of English Americans are

The 10 States with the highest percentages of self reported English ancestry are:

English was the highest reported European ancestry in the States of Maine, Utah, and Vermont, and was joint highest along with German in North and South Carolina. German Americans ( German: Deutschamerikaner) are citizens of the United States of Ethnic German ancestry South Carolina ( is a state in the southern region ( Deep South) of the United States of America.

Maps

On the left, a map showing the population density of Americans who declared English ancestry in the census. Dark blue and purple colours indicate a higher density: highest in the east and west (see also Maps of American ancestries). The ancestry of the people of the United States is widely varied and includes descendants of Populations from around the World, some presumably extinct Center, a map showing the population of English Americans by state. On the right, a map showing the percentages of English Americans by state.

History

Early Settlement and Colonisation

See also: English colonization of the Americas
The red and pink areas of the map show land over which the British claimed authority in 1775
The red and pink areas of the map show land over which the British claimed authority in 1775

English settlement in America began with Jamestown in the Virginia Colony in 1607. British colonization of the Americas (including colonization under the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland before the 1707 Acts of Union created The James Settlement was the first permanent English settlement in North America. The Colony of Virginia (also known frequently as the Virginia Colony and occasionally as the Dominion and Colony of Virginia) was the English colony With the permission of James I, three ships (the Susan Constant, The Discovery, and The God Speed) sailed from England and landed at Cape Henry in April, under the captainship of Christopher Newport,[3] who had been hired by the London Company to lead expeditions to what is now America. James VI and I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625 was King of Scotland as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James Susan Constant, at 120 tons, was the largest of three ships of the English Virginia Company that were led by Captain Christopher Newport on the See also Ship replica (including a list of ship replicas The ship carried 17 male passagers Godspeed was one of the three ships of the English Virginia Company that were led by Captain Bartholomew Gosnold on the 1607 voyage that resulted in Cape Henry is a cape on the Atlantic shore of Virginia in the Independent city of Virginia Beach. Christopher Newport (c 1561&ndash1618 was an English sailor and Privateer. The London Company (also called the Charter of the Virginia Company of London) was an English Joint stock company established by royal charter by [4]

The second successful colony was Roanoke Colony, founded in 1620 by people who would later become known as the Pilgrims. Pilgrims, or Pilgrim Fathers (or Pilgrim Mothers) is a name commonly applied to the early settlers of the Plymouth Colony in present-day Plymouth Fleeing religious persecution in the East Midlands in England, they first went to Holland, but feared losing their English identity[5]. The East Midlands is one of the Regions of England and consists of most of the eastern half of the traditional region of the Midlands. Holland is a region in the western part of the Netherlands. A maritime and economic power in the 17th century Holland today consists of the Dutch provinces of Because of this, they chose to relocate to the New World, with their voyage being financed by English investors. The New World is one of the names used for the non-Eurasian/non-African parts of the Earth specifically the Americas and Australia. [6] In September 1620, 102 passengers set sail aboard the Mayflower, eventually settling at Plymouth Colony in November. The Mayflower was the famous Ship that transported the English Separatists better known as the Pilgrims, from Southampton, England [7] This story has become a central theme in the United States cultural identity.

A number of English colonies were established under a system of proprietary governors, who were appointed under mercantile charters to English joint stock companies to found and run settlements. Proprietary Governors were individuals authorized to govern proprietary colonies A charter is the grant of authority or rights stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified A joint stock company (JSC is a type of business entity it is a type of Corporation or Partnership.

England also took over the Dutch colony of New Netherland (including the New Amsterdam settlement), renaming it the Province of New York in 1664[8]. During the 17th century Dutch traders established trade posts and plantations throughout the Americas; actual colonization with Dutch settling in the new lands was not as common New Netherland (Dutch Nieuw-Nederland, Latin Novum Belgium or Nova Belgica) 1614–1674 is the name of the former Dutch territory on the eastern coast New Amsterdam (Nieuw Amsterdam was a 17th-century Dutch colonial settlement that later became New York City. The Province of New York (1664-1776 (Provincie New York resulted from the capture of the Dutch Republic colony of Provincie Nieuw-Nederland by the With New Netherland, the English came to control the former New Sweden (in what is now Delaware), which the Dutch had conquered from Sweden earlier[9]. New Sweden ( Nya Sverige in Swedish and Uusi-Ruotsi in Finnish) was a small Swedish settlement along the Delaware River Delaware ( is a state located on the Atlantic Coast in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. This became part of Pennsylvania. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern

English immigration after 1776

An estimated 3. 5 million English emigrated to the USA after 1776. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the English settlers provided a steady and substantial influx throughout the nineteenth century. The first wave of increasing English immigration began in the late 1820s and was sustained by unrest in the United Kingdom until it peaked in 1842 and declined slightly for nearly a decade. American immigration ( emigration to the United States of America) refers to the movement of non-residents to the United States. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Most of these were small farmers and tenant farmers from depressed areas in rural counties in southern and western England and urban laborers who fled from the depressions and from the social and industrial changes of the late 1820s-1840s. While some English immigrants were drawn by dreams of creating model utopian societies in America, most others were attracted by the lure of new lands, textile factories, railroads, and the expansion of mining. Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term A number of English settlers moved to United States from Australia in 1850s (then a British political territory), when California Gold Rush boomed; these included the so-called “Sydney Ducks” (see Australian Americans). For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Events and Trends Industry Production of Steel revolutionized by invention of the Bessemer process Benjamin Silliman The British Overseas Territories are fourteen territories that are under the Sovereignty of the United Kingdom, but which do not form part of the United Kingdom The California Gold Rush (1848&ndash1855 began on January 24 1848 when Gold was discovered by James Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California The Sydney Ducks was the name given to immigrants from Australia in San Francisco, during the mid-19th century An Australian American is a naturalized American citizen with a significant relationship to Australia such as by being born in Australia, by holding Australian During the last years of 1860s, annual English immigration increased to over 60,000 and continued to rise to over 75,000 per year in 1872, before experiencing a decline. The final and most sustained wave of immigration began in 1879 and lasted until the depression of 1893. During this period English annual immigration averaged more than 80,000, with peaks in 1882 and 1888. The building of America's transcontinental railroads, the settlement of the great plains, and industrialization attracted skilled and professional emigrants from England. Also, cheaper steamship fares enabled unskilled urban workers to come to America, and unskilled and semiskilled laborers, miners, and building trades workers made up the majority of these new English immigrants. While most settled in America, a number of skilled craftsmen remained itinerant, returning to England after a season or two of work. Groups of English immigrants came to America as missionaries for the Salvation Army and to work with the activities of the Evangelical and Mormon Churches. The Salvation Army is a Christian charity and church that is internally organised like a military service. Evangelicalism is a theological movement tradition and system of beliefs most closely associated with Protestant Christianity, which identifies with the Gospel TalkMormon#Latter Day Saint vs Latter-day Saint --> Mormon The depression of 1893 sharply decreased English immigration, and it stayed low for much of the twentieth century. This decline reversed itself in the decade of World War II when over 100,000 English (18 percent of all European immigrants) came from England. In this group was a large contingent of war brides who came between 1945 and 1948. In these years four women emigrated from England for every man. In the 1950's, English immigration increased to over 150,000. Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term and rose to 170,000 in the 1960's[3] While differences developed, it is not surprising that English immigrants had little difficulty in assimilating to American life. The American resentment against the policies of the British government was rarely transferred to English settlers who came to America in the first decades of the nineteenth century. Her Majesty's Government, or when the monarch is male His Majesty's Government, is the title used by the Government of the United Kingdom, based at During all of American history English immigrants and their descendants were prominent on every level of government and in every aspect of American life. Eight of the first ten American presidents and more than that proportion of the 42 presidents, as well as the majority of sitting congressmen and congresswomen, are descended from English ancestors. The acronym WASP, for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant, is used to describe the dominant political and cultural demographic. White Anglo-Saxon Protestant, commonly abbreviated to the Acronym WASP, is a sociological and cultural Ethnonym The descendants of English expatriates are so numerous and so well integrated in American life that it is impossible to identify all of them. While they are the third largest ethnic nationality identified in the 1990 census, they retain such a pervasive representation at every level of national and state government that, on any list of American senators, Supreme Court judges, governors, or legislators, they would constitute a plurality if not an outright majority.

Political Involvement

Colonial Period

"The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles", by Capt. John Smith

John Trumbull's famous painting, Declaration of Independence. The Generall Historie of Virginia New-England and the Summer Isles is a book written by Captain John Smith, first published in 1624 Captain Sir John Smith (c January 1580– June 21 1631) Admiral of New England was an English Soldier, Sailor John Trumbull ( June 6, 1756 &ndash November 10, 1843) was an American artist during the period of the American Revolutionary Two Red Ensigns, one British flag, and one English flag can be seen upon the wall. The Red Ensign or " Red Duster " is a Flag that originated in the early 17th century as an Ensign flown by the Royal Navy. The Union Flag, also known as the Union Jack, is the national flag of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The Flag of England is the St George's Cross. The red cross appeared as an emblem of England during the Middle Ages and the Crusades and

As the earliest colonists of The United States, the English and their descendents often held positions of power and made or helped make laws [10], often because many had been involved in government back in England[11]. In the original 13 colonies, most laws contained elements found in the English common law system. Common law refers to law and the corresponding legal system developed through decisions of courts and similar tribunals rather than through legislative statutes or executive [12]

The Founding Fathers

The lineage of most of the Founding Fathers was English. Founding Fathers are persons instrumental in the establishment of an Institution, usually a political institution especially those connected to the origination of its Ideals Such persons include Samuel Adams[13]. Samuel Adams ( – October 2 1803 was an American Statesman, Politician, Writer and political philosopher, brewer Others signatories of the Declaration of Independence, such as Robert Morris were English born [14]. This article is about declarations of independence in general Robert Morris Jr (ˈmɒrɨs ( January 20, 1734 – May 9, 1806) was an American merchant and a signer to the United States Of the "Committee of Five" (the group delegated to draft the Declaration of Independence), Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, and Benjamin Franklin [15] had English roots. The Committee of Five was the group delegated by the Second Continental Congress on June 11, 1776, to draft the United States Thomas Jefferson (April 13 1743 – July 4 1826 was the third President of the United States (1801–1809 the principal author of the Declaration of Independence

English influence in the United States

The English have contributed greatly to American life. The English people (from the adjective in Englisc) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to England who predominantly speak English Today, English is the most commonly spoken language in the U. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States S[16], where it is estimated that one third of all native speakers of English live. Much of American culture also shows influences from English culture. The development of the culture of the United States of America — music, cinema, dance, architecture, literature, poetry The culture of England is sometimes difficult to separate clearly from the cultures of its neighbouring countries and to understand how these cultures intermingled and influenced For example, popular American sports such as baseball and American football have their origins in sports played in England in the 19th century[17][18]. Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each American football, known in the United States and Canada simply as football, is a competitive Team sport known for mixing strategy with The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Another area of cultural influence, the American national anthem takes its melody from the 18th century English song To Anacreon in Heaven and lyrics written by an English American called Francis Scott Key[19][20]. " The Star-Spangled Banner " is the National anthem of the United States of America The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system Francis Scott Key ( August 1, 1779 &ndash January 11, 1843) was an American Lawyer, author and amateur

Places in the United States named after those in England include New York (after York[21]), New Hampshire (after Hampshire[22]), Manchester[23], Boston[24], Southampton[25], Gloucester and the region of New England. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous York ( is an historic Walled city sited at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. New Hampshire ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. Wildlife Hampshire has wildlife typical of the island of Great Britain Manchester is the largest city in the US state of New Hampshire and the largest city of northern New England, an area composed of Vermont, Southampton is a town in Hampshire County, Massachusetts, United States. This article is about Gloucester Massachusetts USA there are other places called Gloucester Gloucester (ˈglɒstɚ) is a city on History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the New Jersey was named after the isle of Jersey in the English Channel[26]. New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. The Bailiwick of Jersey ( Jèrriais: Jèrri) is a British Crown dependency off the coast of Normandy, France. In addition, some places were named after the English royal family. TalkCommonewalth realm.--> The monarchy Virginia and West Virginia were given these names in honor of Queen Elizabeth I of England[27] (popularly known in England as the "Virgin Queen"), the Carolinas were named after King Charles I and Maryland named so for his wife, Queen Henrietta Maria (Queen Mary). The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state West Virginia ( is a state in the Appalachian Upland South, and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, bordered by The Carolinas is a term used in the United States to refer collectively to the states of North and South Carolina. Charles I, (19 November 1600 &ndash 30 January 1649 was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution. Henrietta Maria ( 25 November 1609 – 10 September 1669) was Princess of France and Queen Consort of England, Scotland [28]

Architecture such as the United States Capitol building in Washington D.C which was first designed by English-educated American Architect William Thornton. The Architecture of the United States includes a wide variety of architectural styles over its History. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Dr William Thornton ( May 20, 1759 - March 28, 1828) was an American physician inventor painter and Architect who designed

The American legal system also has its roots in English law. The law of the United States was originally largely derived from the Common law system of English law, which was in force at the time of the Revolutionary English law is the legal system of England and Wales, and is the basis of Common law legal systems used in most Commonwealth countriesand the [29] For example, elements of the Magna Carta were incorporated into the United States constitution[30]. Magna Carta ( Latin for Great Charter, literally " Great Paper " also called Magna Carta Libertatum ( Great Charter of Freedoms The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme Law of the United States. English law prior to the revolution is still part of the law of the United States, and provides the basis for many American legal traditions and policies. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" After the revolution, English law was again adopted by the now independent American States. [31]

Notables

See List of English Americans

John Quincy Adams

Bob Hope

Cary Grant

George W. Bush

Elizabeth Taylor

James Madison

Hillary Rodham Clinton

Benjamin Franklin

Brad Pitt

Britney Spears

Richard Gere

Ulysses S. Grant

See also

References

  1. ^ English Emigration
  2. ^ World Culture Encyclopedia [1]
  3. ^ English Emigration
  4. ^ Christopher Newport at Infoplease
  5. ^ Bassetlaw Museum
  6. ^ Thanksgiving on the Net
  7. ^ Pilgrims - Learn English
  8. ^ Digital History
  9. ^ US History - New Seden
  10. ^ Historians.org
  11. ^ History of Colonial America
  12. ^ The Colonial Period
  13. ^ [2] "Laban Adams belongs to the illustrious family of Henry Adams who came from Devonshire, England, about 1636 and settled in Quincy, Mass. acknowledging their English ancestory (see English American They must in other words John Quincy Adams (July 11 1767 &ndash February 23 1848 was an American diplomat and politician who served as the sixth President of the United States Bob Hope, KBE KCSG ( May 29, 1903 &ndash July 27, 2003) was an American comedian and actor who appeared in George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. Dame Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor, DBE (born 27 February 1932) is a two-time Academy Award -winning English-American actress James Madison Jr (March 16 1751 – June 28 1836 was an American Politician, the fourth President of the United States (1809–1817 and one of the Founding Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (born October 26 1947 is the junior United States Senator from Benjamin Franklin ( April 17 1790 was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America. William Bradley "Brad" Pitt Pitt received a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award nomination for his role in the 1995 film Twelve Monkeys Britney Jean Spears (born December 2 1981 is an American recording artist and entertainer Richard Tiffany Gere (born August 31, 1949) is a Golden Globe - and Screen Actors Guild Award -winning American Actor. Ulysses S Grant, born Hiram Ulysses Grant (April 27 1822 &ndash July 23 1885 was an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States right|250px|right|thumb|Anglo-America dark green indicates countries traditionally included in the region ([[Canada]] and the [[United States]] acknowledging their English ancestory (see English American They must in other words The word Anglosphere describes a concept of a group of Anglophone ( English -speaking nations which share historical political and cultural characteristics rooted Anglo -Utahn is an ethnic group consisting of the descendants of Mormon pioneers from England, who migrated to Utah around 160 years ago Boston Brahmins, also called the First Families of Boston and cold roast Boston, are the class of New Englanders who claim hereditary and cultural descent British colonization of the Americas (including colonization under the Kingdom of England and Kingdom of Scotland before the 1707 Acts of Union created American immigration ( emigration to the United States of America) refers to the movement of non-residents to the United States. A large number of places in the US were named after places in England as a result of English settlers and explorers The ancestry of the people of the United States is widely varied and includes descendants of Populations from around the World, some presumably extinct White Anglo-Saxon Protestant, commonly abbreviated to the Acronym WASP, is a sociological and cultural Ethnonym The term Yankee, sometimes abbreviated to Yank, has a few related meanings often referring to someone of U Anglo-Celtic Australian is an Ethnic or cultural category used to describe Australians with British and/or Irish ancestral origins His great great grandson, Samuel Adams, was the "Father of the Great American Revolution,"
  14. ^ UShistory - Robert Morris
  15. ^ Benjamin Franklin Timeline
  16. ^ Languages Spoken in the United States.
  17. ^ History of Baseball.
  18. ^ American Football.
  19. ^ Star-Spangled Banner origins
  20. ^ Star Spangled Banner
  21. ^ 50 States - NY.
  22. ^ Netstate - New Hampshire.
  23. ^ Manchester History.
  24. ^ Boston History.
  25. ^ Southampton, Massachusetts.
  26. ^ The U.S 50 - New Jersey
  27. ^ Queen Elizabeth I - The Golden Age
  28. ^ Introduction to Maryland
  29. ^ Sources of United States Legal Information
  30. ^ Magna Carta
  31. ^ COMMON LAW V. CIVIL LAW SYSTEMS


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