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England and Wales is a political and legal unit with the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located It consists of England and Wales, two of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Unlike Scotland and Northern Ireland, Wales follows the legal system known as English law, and the two form the constitutional successor to the former Kingdom of England. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of The three major legal systems of the world today consist of civil law, Common law and Religious law. English law is the legal system of England and Wales, and is the basis of Common law legal systems used in most Commonwealth countriesand the The Kingdom of England was a State (927-1707 located in Western Europe dating from the ninth or tenth century to the early eighteenth century when it was legally England and Wales are therefore treated as a single unit (see state) in private international law. The term State has several meanings in law in Private international law and Conflict of laws, State can refer to a well-defined jurisdiction with its own set Conflict of laws (or private international law) is that branch of International law and intranational interstate law that regulates all Lawsuits involving During the evolution of the United Kingdom, Wales has been considered a principality, the Principality of Wales, rather than an incorporated country, despite constituting a separate country ethnically and culturally. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A principality (or princedom) is a monarchical feudatory or Sovereign state, ruled or reigned over by a monarch with the title of Prince The Principality of Wales (Tywysogaeth Cymru covered the lands ruled by the Prince of Wales directly and was formally founded in 1216 at the Council of Aberdyfi, In Political geography and International politics, a country is a Political division of a geographical entity The devolved National Assembly for Wales (Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru) was created in 1999 by the Parliament of the United Kingdom under the Government of Wales Act 1998 and provides a degree of self-government in Wales, including powers to amend English law from Parliament. Devolution is the statutory granting of powers from the central government of a State to government at subnational level The National Assembly for Wales (Cynulliad Cenedlaethol Cymru is a devolved assembly with power to make legislation in Wales. The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories This is about the Act that set up the Welsh Assembly For the newer Government of Wales Act 2006, see that article Self-governance is an abstract concept that refers to several scales of Organization. English law is the legal system of England and Wales, and is the basis of Common law legal systems used in most Commonwealth countriesand the These powers were expanded by the Government of Wales Act 2006, and the Welsh Assembly Government can now propose and pass its own laws. The Government of Wales Act 2006 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that reforms the National Assembly for Wales and allows further The Welsh Assembly Government (WAG (Llywodraeth Cynulliad Cymru LlCC) was firstly an executive body of the National Assembly for Wales, consisting of

England and Wales were first administered as a single unit by the Romans, as the province of Britannia. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC In Ancient Rome, a province (Latin provincia, pl provinciae) was the basic and until the Tetrarchy (circa Roman Britain refers to those parts of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and 410 Welsh law developed from this base. Welsh law, the Law of Wales, was traditionally first codified by Hywel Dda ("Hywel the Good" during the period between 942 and 950 when It was first codified by Hywel Dda (Hywel the Good; reigned 942-950) when he was king of most of Wales. Hywel Dda (c 880?&ndash950 (English Hywel the Good, sometimes anglicized to Howell the Good) was a well-thought-of king of Deheubarth in south-west The Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284 replaced Welsh criminal law with English law. The Statute of Rhuddlan was enacted on 3 March 1284 after the military conquest in 1282-83 of the Principality of Wales — which had been established by Llywelyn ap Gruffudd Welsh law continued to be used for civil cases until the annexation of Wales to England in the 16th century.

Contents 1 Law 1.1 Company registration 2 Other bodies 3 Geography 4 References 5 See also

Law

England and Wales are treated as a single unit, for most purposes, because the two form the constitutional successor to the former Kingdom of England. The continuance of Scots law was guaranteed under the Acts of Union 1707, and as a consequence English law (and after 1801, Irish law) also continued to be separate. Scots law is a unique legal system with an ancient basis in Roman law. The Acts of Union were a pair of Parliamentary Acts passed during 1706 and 1707 by the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland to put into The phrase Act of Union 1800 (or sometimes Act of Union 1801) (Acht an Aontais 1800 is used to describe two complementary Acts whose official United Kingdom titles are Exceptions include the Welsh language acts of 1967 and 1993 and also Government of Wales Act 1998, plus Measures of the Welsh Assembly passed since 2006 which apply in Wales but not in England. Welsh ( cy Cymraeg or cy y Gymraeg, kəmˈrɑːɨɡ and {{IPA|[ə ɡəmˈrɑːɨɡ]}}, is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic The Welsh Language Act 1967 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (citation 1967 c The Welsh Language Act 1993 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which put the Welsh language on an equal footing with the English This is about the Act that set up the Welsh Assembly For the newer Government of Wales Act 2006, see that article

Wales was brought under a common monarch with England through conquest with the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284 and annexed to England for legal purposes by the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542. A personal union is the combination by which two different States are governed by the same Monarch, while their boundaries their laws and their interests remain distinct The Statute of Rhuddlan was enacted on 3 March 1284 after the military conquest in 1282-83 of the Principality of Wales — which had been established by Llywelyn ap Gruffudd Annexation ( Latin ad, to and nexus, joining is the legal incorporation of some territory into another geo-political entity (either adjacent or non-contiguous The Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542 (Y Deddfau Uno 1535 a 1542 were a series of parliamentary measures by which the legal system of Wales was annexed to England and However, references in legislation for 'England' were still taken as excluding Wales. The Wales and Berwick Act 1746 meant that in all future laws, 'England' would by default include Wales (and Berwick-upon-Tweed). The Wales and Berwick Act 1746 (20 Geo II c 42 was an act of the Parliament of Great Britain explicitly expressing that all future laws applying to England Berwick-upon-Tweed ( ˈbɛrɪk- ( Scots: Berwick or historically South Berwick) situated in the county of Northumberland, is the northernmost This was later repealed in 1967 (for Wales, but not for Berwick) and current laws use "England and Wales" to refer to the legal entity. A repeal is the Removal or Reversal of a Law. This is generally done when a law is no longer effective or it is shown that a law is having far more negative

The other countries of the United Kingdom (Scotland and Northern Ireland), as well as Crown dependencies (the Isle of Man, Jersey, and Guernsey, each with its own legal system), are also separate units for the conflict of laws (although they are not separate states under public international law) (see the more complete explanation in English law). The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of The Crown Dependencies are possessions of The Crown in Right of the United Kingdom, as opposed to overseas territories or colonies of the United The Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin ˈɛlʲən ˈvanɪn or Mann (Mannin) is a self-governing Crown dependency, located in the Irish Sea at the geographical The Bailiwick of Jersey ( Jèrriais: Jèrri) is a British Crown dependency off the coast of Normandy, France. The Bailiwick of Guernsey (Bailliage de Guernesey is a British Crown dependency in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy. Public international law concerns the structure and conduct of States and Intergovernmental organizations. English law is the legal system of England and Wales, and is the basis of Common law legal systems used in most Commonwealth countriesand the

Company registration

Main article: Companies House

For the purposes of the legal registration of companies, England and Wales are treated as a single entity (companies are "Registered in England and Wales") with a unified register, separate from those of Scotland or Northern Ireland. Companies House is an Executive Agency of the United Kingdom Government in the Department for Business Enterprise and Regulatory Reform. However it is possible to register a company in Wales with a Welsh language name.

Other bodies

Outside of the legal system the position is mixed. Some organisations combine as "England and Wales", others separate.

In sports, cricket has a combined international team administered by the England and Wales Cricket Board, while football, rugby union and other sports have separate national representative teams for either country. Cricket is a bat-and-ball team Sport that originated in England and is now played in more than 100 countries The England cricket team is the national cricket team which represents England and Wales. The England and Wales Cricket Board ( ECB) ( Bwrdd Criced Cymru a Lloegr) is the governing body of Cricket in England and Wales. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short

Some religious denominations organise on the basis of England and Wales, most notably the Roman Catholic Church, but also small denominations, eg. The Catholic Church in England and Wales is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, the Christian Church in full communion with the Bishop of Rome, the Evangelical Presbyterian Church. The Evangelical Presbyterian Church in England and Wales ( EPCEW) is a Reformed Church of England and Wales. Prior to the splitting-off of the Church in Wales in 1920 the Church of England operated throughout England and Wales. The Church in Wales (Yr Eglwys yng Nghymru is a member Church of the Anglican Communion, consisting of six Dioceses in Wales. The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican

The Electoral Commission maintains a register of political parties, organised according to where the party operates. The Electoral Commission is a Non-departmental public body with powers in the United Kingdom, which was created by an Act of Parliament, the Political As of March 2007 the Commission listed 8 parties registered as operating in England and Wales (as opposed to 197 operating in England only, and 11 operating in Wales only), the largest of which is the Green Party of England and Wales. The Green Party of England and Wales (GPEW (Plaid Werdd Cymru a Lloegr is the principal Green political party in England and Wales.

Some professional bodies represent England and Wales, for example the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England & Wales, the National Farmers Union and the Police Federation of England and Wales. The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England & Wales (ICAEW was established by a Royal Charter in 1880 Template talkInfobox Union for usage --> The National Farmers Union (NFU is a member organisation/industry association The Police Federation of England and Wales is the representative body to which all police officers in England and Wales up to and including the rank of Chief

Other examples include the Charity Commission, the Environment Agency, the General Register Office, Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary, HM Land Registry, Her Majesty's Prison Service, Mountain Rescue England and Wales, St John Ambulance, the Worshipful Company of Chartered Accountants Livery Company, and the Youth Hostels Association. The Charity Commission for England and Wales (Welsh Comisiwn Elusennau Cymru a Lloegr) is the Non-ministerial government department that regulates registered The Environment Agency (Asiantaeth yr Amgylchedd is a Non-Departmental Public Body of the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs and an Assembly The General Register Office (GRO is that part of the Government of England and Wales that deals with the Civil registration of births (including Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary (HMIC and Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary for Scotland (HMICS are two separate bodies in the United Kingdom Land Registry (officially known under the Land Registration Act 2002 as Her Majesty's Land Registry) is a British Governmental organisation created "HM Prison" redirects here For prisons in Australia see List of Australian prisons. Mountain Rescue services in England and Wales operate under the umbrella association of the MREW - Mountain Rescue (England St John Ambulance is a charity (registered in England and Wales part of the wider international Order of St The Worshipful Company of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales is one of the Livery Companies of the City of London.

England and Wales has its own order of precedence (see order of precedence in England and Wales), distinct from those of Northern Ireland or Scotland, or other Commonwealth realms. An order of precedence is a sequential hierarchy of nominal importance of items The Order of precedence in England and Wales as of 17 December 2007: Names in italics indicate higher precedence elsewhere in the table A Commonwealth realm is any one of 16 sovereign states within the Commonwealth of Nations that each have Elizabeth II as their respective Monarch

The national parks of England and Wales have a distinctive legislative framework and history. The national parks of England and Wales are areas of relatively undeveloped and scenic landscape that are designated under the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949

Geography

If considered as a subdivision of the United Kingdom, England and Wales would have a population of 53,390,300 (89% of the UK total)^[1] and an area of 151,174 km².

Cardiff was proclaimed as the Welsh capital in 1955^[2]. Cardiff ( 'kɑːdɪf) is the Capital and the largest city and county in Wales. Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar)

References

See also

• Courts of England and Wales
• Judiciary of England and Wales
• English and Welsh

Her Majesty's Courts of Justice of England and Wales are the civil and criminal Courts responsible for the administration of Justice in England There are various levels of Judiciary in England and Wales — different types of courts have different styles of Judges They also form a strict Hierarchy As an adjective "English and Welsh" refers to England and Wales.

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