An engine order telegraph or E. O. T. , often also chadburn, is a communications device used on a ship or submarine for the pilot on the bridge to order engineers in the engine room to power the vessel at a certain desired speed. A ship /ʃɪp/ is a large vessel that floats on water Ships are generally distinguished from Boats based on size A submarine is a Watercraft that can operate independently below water as distinct from a Submersible that has only limited underwater capability The bridge of a Ship is an area or room from which the ship can be commanded In a Ship, an engine room is where the main engine(s generators compressors pumps fuel/lubrication oil purifiers and other major machinery are located In early vessels, from the 1800s until about 1950, the device usually consisted of a round dial about nine inches (~20 centimetres) in diameter with a knob at the center attached to one or more handles, and an indicator pointer on the face of the dial. Modern E. O. T. s on vessels which still use them use electronic light and sound signals.
Traditional E. O. T. s required a pilot wanting to change speed to "ring" the telegraph on the bridge, moving the handle to a different position on the dial. This would ring a bell in the engine room and move their pointer to the position on the dial selected by the bridge. The engineers hear the bell and move their handle to the same position to signal their acknowledgment of the order, and adjust the engine speed accordingly. Such an order is called a "bell," for example the order for a ship's maximum speed, flank speed, is called a "flank bell. Flank speed is a Nautical term referring to a Ship 's true maximum speed beyond the speed that can be reached by steaming at full speed "
For urgent orders requiring rapid acceleration, the handle is moved three times so that the engine room bell is rung three times. This is called a "cavitate bell" because the rapid acceleration of the ship's propeller will cause the water around it to cavitate, causing a lot of noise and wear on the propellers. Cavitation is defined as the phenomenon of formation of vapour bubbles of a flowing liquid in a region where the pressure of the liquid falls below its vapour pressure Such noise is undesirable during conflicts because it can give away a vessel's position.
On most modern vessels the EOT acts as a direct throttle with no intervening engine room personnel. A throttle is the mechanism by which the flow of a fluid is managed by constriction or obstruction
Typical dial positions
Many modern ships have the following dial indications:
- Full [Ahead]
- Half
- Slow
- Dead Slow
- Stop
- Dead slow [Back]
- Slow
- Half
- Full
The following dial positions are more common on older ships:
- AAIII -- "all-ahead flank," the fastest possible, often unsustainable due to mechanical constraints
- AAII -- "all-ahead full," rapid cruising speed, sustainable over long distances
- AAI -- "all-ahead standard," normal cruising speed, more energy-efficient than AAII
- AA2/3 -- "ahead two-thirds," slow, used for hazards
- AA1/3 -- "ahead a third," very slow, used for docking
- Z -- "all stop," no motion
- B1/3 -- "back a third," very slow reverse
- B2/3 -- "back two-thirds," slow in reverse
- BF -- "back full," fastest sustainable in reverse
- BE -- "back emergency," maximum power in reverse, often unsustainable
External links
- detailed pictorial demonstration
- http://www.tpub.com/content/administration/14067/css/14067_31.htm
- http://www.antiquesofthesea.com/telegraphs.html
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