Engelbert Kaempfer - Citizendia

Engelbert Kaempfer

Engelbert Kaempfer (September 16, 1651 – November 2, 1716) was a German naturalist, traveller and physician. Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 Year 1716 ( MDCCXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health

1 Early life
2 Travels
3 Manuscripts
4 Notes
5 External links
6 See also

Early life

He was born at Lemgo in the principality of Lippe, Westphalia, where his father was a pastor. Lemgo is a city in the Lippe district of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, with a population of c Lippe and later Lippe-Detmold was a historical state in Germany. Westphalia (Westfalen) is a region in Germany, centred on the cities of Bielefeld, Bochum, Dortmund, Gelsenkirchen, Münster A pastor is an official person within a Protestant group of people and related to the positions of Priest or Bishop within the Anglican, Roman Catholic He studied at Hameln, Lüneburg, Hamburg, Lübeck and Danzig (Gdansk), and after graduating Ph. Hamelin (German Hameln) is a town on the river Weser in Lower Saxony, Germany. Lüneburg, also known as Lueneburg and Lunenburg in English, is a City in Lower Saxony, Germany. Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany Lübeck ( is the second largest City in Schleswig-Holstein, in Northern Germany, and one of the major Gdańsk ( Polish pronunciation; 'Danzig', Gduńsk Gedania Dantiscum is the City at the centre of the fourth-largest Metropolitan area in Poland D. at Kraków, spent four years at Königsberg in Prussia, studying medicine and natural science. Kraków, in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow (ˈkrækaʊ M-W: krăk'ou krāk'ō is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland Königsberg (Karaliaučius Low German: Königsbarg; Królewiec see also other names) was until 1946 the name of Kaliningrad. Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the In Science, the term natural science refers to a naturalistic approach to the study of the Universe, which is understood as obeying rules or law of

Travels

Persia

In 1681 he visited Uppsala in Sweden, where he was offered inducements to settle; but his desire for foreign travel led him to become secretary to the embassy which Charles XI sent through Russia to Persia in 1683. Uppsala ˈɵpˌsɑːla (older spelling Upsala) is the capital of Uppsala County ( Uppsala län) and the fourth largest city of "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia He reached Persia by way of Moscow, Kazan and Astrakhan, landing at Nizabad in Dagestan after a voyage in the Caspian Sea; from Shemakha in Shirvan he made an expedition to the Baku peninsula, being perhaps the first modern scientist to visit these fields of eternal fire. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Kazan (Каза́нь Казан tt Qazan) is the capital city of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, and one of Russia's largest cities Astrakhan (А́страхань Ästerxan Persian: حاجی‌ترخان Haji-Tarkhan) is a major city in southern European Russia and The Republic of Dagestan dæɡɪˈstɑːn (IntEng ˈdeɪɡəstæn (AmEng (Респу́блика Дагеста́н Дагъистанлъул ДжумхIурият Daɣistanłul The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged Sea. Shirvan (Şirvan شروان also spelled as Shervan or Shirwan, is a historical region in the Caucasus and part of present-day Republic of Azerbaijan This article is about the peninsula For the rayon of Azerbaijan see Absheron (Rayon. A scientist, in the broadest sense refers to any person that engages in a systematic activity to acquire Knowledge or an individual that engages in such practices In 1684 he arrived in Isfahan, then the Persian capital. Esfahān or Isfahan (historically also rendered as Ispahan or Hispahan, Old Persian: Aspadana, Middle Persian: Spahān When after a stay of more than a year the Swedish embassy prepared to return, Kaempfer joined the fleet of the Dutch East India Company in the Persian Gulf as chief surgeon, and in spite of fever caught at Bander Abbasi he found opportunity to see something of Arabia and of many of the western coast-lands of India. The Dutch East India Company ( Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or VOC in old-spelling Dutch, literally "United East Indian The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region is an extension of the Surgery (from the χειρουργική cheirourgikē, via chirurgiae meaning "hand work" is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental Bandar Abbas or Bandar-e ‘Abbās (in Persian: بندر عباس formerly known as Gombroon to English The Arabian Peninsula (in Arabic: شبه الجزيرة العربية šibh al-jazīra al-ʻarabīya or جزيرة العرب jazīrat al-ʻarab) India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country

Japan

In September 1689 he reached Batavia; spent the following winter studying Javanese natural history, and in May 1690 set out for Japan as physician to the embassy, sent yearly to that country by the Dutch. Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta) is the Capital and largest city of Indonesia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. En route to Japan, the ship in which he sailed touched at Siam, whose capital he visited; Here he recorded his meeting with the Siamese Minister and former ambassador to France Kosa Pan. The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Kosa Pan, also Ok-Phra Visut Sunthorn, was a Siamese Diplomat and minister who led the Second Siamese Embassy to France sent by king ^[1]. In September 1690 he arrived at the coast of Nagasaki, the only Japanese port then open to foreigners. ( is the Capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture in Japan.

Kaempfer stayed two years in Japan, during which time he twice visited Edo and the Shogun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi there. literally bay - Door, " Estuary " edo once also spelled Yedo or Yeddo, is the is a military rank and historical title in Japan. The Japanese word for "general" it is made up of two Kanji words sho, meaning "commander" When he visited Buddhist monks in Nagasaki in February 1691, he was the first western scientist to describe the tree Ginkgo biloba - scientists at the time thought that all Ginkgo species were extinct. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Ginkgo ( Ginkgo biloba; in Chinese 銀杏 Pinyin romanization yín xìng) frequently misspelled as "Gingko" and also known He brought some Ginkgo seeds back that were planted in the botanical garden in Utrecht and can still be seen today. Botanical gardens grow a wide variety of Plants primarily to categorize and document for scientific purposes Utrecht ( city and municipality is the capital and most populous city of the Dutch province of Utrecht. During his stay in Japan, his tact, diplomacy and medical skill overcame the cultural reserve of the Japanese, and enabled him to elicit much valuable information. In November 1692 he left Japan for Java. Java (Jawa is an Island of Indonesia and the site of its Capital city Jakarta.

Return to Europe

After ten years abroad, Kaemfper returned to Europe in 1693, landing at Amsterdam. Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west He was awarded a medical degree at the University of Leiden in the Netherlands. Leiden University (Universiteit Leiden located in the city of Leiden, is the oldest University in The Netherlands.

Kaempfer settled down in his native city of Lemgo, where he became the physician of the Count of Lippe. This article is about the district Lippe. For the like-named river see Lippe River. In Germany he published the book Amoenitatum exoticarum (Lemgo 1712) which showed an illustration of a camellia and introduced 23 varieties. Camellia ( ( Japanese: 椿 Tsubaki) is a Genus of Flowering plants in the family Theaceae, native to eastern and southern Notable for its description of the electric eel, acupuncture, and moxibustion. The electric eel, Electrophorus electricus, is a species of Fish. History Antiquity In China, the practice of acupuncture can perhaps be traced as far back as Moxibustion ( is an Oriental medicine therapy utilizing moxa, or Mugwort Herb. His systematic description of tea (as well as his other work on Japanese plants) was praised by Linnaeus, who adopted the Kaempfer-devised nomenclature. Tea refers to the cured agricultural product of the leaves leaf buds and internodes of Camellia sinensis, which have been prepared and cured for the market Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for

In 1716, Kaempfer died at Lemgo.

Manuscripts

At Kaempfer's death his mostly unpublished manuscripts were purchased by Sir Hans Sloane, and conveyed to England. Sir Hans Sloane 1st Baronet, PRS ( 16 April, 1660 &ndash 11 January, 1753) was an Ulster-Scot Physician and Among them was a History of Japan, translated from the manuscript into English by J. G. Scheuchzer and published at London, in 2 vols. , in 1727. Year 1727 ( MDCCXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The original German has never been published, the extant German version being taken from the English. Besides Japanese history, this book contains a description of the political, social and physical state of the country in the 17th century. For upwards of a hundred years it remained the chief source of information for the general reader, and is still not wholly obsolete. A life of the author is prefixed to the History. Kaempfer's original manuscripts are currently kept in the British Museum. The British Museum is a Museum of human history and culture in London.

Notes

^ Suarez, Thomas (1999) Early Mapping of Southeast Asia Tuttle Publishing ISBN 9625934707 p. 30

External links

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone

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