| Saint Engelbert of Cologne | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1185 or 1186, Burg an der Wupper |
| Died | 7 November 1225 |
| Venerated in | Roman Catholicism |
| Major shrine | Cologne Germany |
| Feast | 7 November |
 Saints Portal |
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Count Engelbert II of Berg, also known as Saint Engelbert, Engelbert of Cologne, Engelbert I, Archbishop of Cologne or Engelbert I of Berg, Archbishop of Cologne[1] (1185 or 1186, Schloss Burg – 7 November 1225, Gevelsberg) was Archbishop of Cologne and a saint; he was the victim of a notorious murder by a member of his own family. For the castle in Luxembourg see Berg Castle Schloss Burg, located in Burg an der Wupper ( Solingen) is the largest reconstructed Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat A shrine, from the Latin scrinium (‘box’ also used as a desk like the French bureau) was originally a container usually made of precious materials used Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organizing a Liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with one or more Saints Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat For the castle in Luxembourg see Berg Castle Schloss Burg, located in Burg an der Wupper ( Solingen) is the largest reconstructed Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat Gevelsberg is a town in the district of Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis, in North Rhine-Westphalia, ( Germany) Bishops and Archbishops of Cologne Bishops of Colonia Agrippina, 88–784 All names before Maternus ('II' are to be approached with considerable A saint (from the Latin sanctus) is a human being to whom has been attributed (and who has generally demonstrated a high level of Holiness and Sanctity
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Early life
Engelbert was born in 1185 or 1186 in Schloss Burg (the present Burg an der Wupper), the younger son of Count Engelbert I of Berg (d. For the castle in Luxembourg see Berg Castle Schloss Burg, located in Burg an der Wupper ( Solingen) is the largest reconstructed Count Engelbert I of Berg (d July 1189 in Serbia) ruled the County of Berg from 1160 to 1189 1189) and his wife Margarete of Guelders. This article deals with the historical county and duchy of Guelders for other meanings see Gelderland. He was educated at the cathedral school in Cologne. From 1198 (at the age of twelve or thirteen) he held the office of Provost of St. A provost is a senior official in a number of Christian churches George in Cologne and from 1199 to 1216 he also held the office of cathedral provost at Cologne Cathedral. Cologne Cathedral (Kölner Dom officially de Hohe Domkirche St He further acquired at various times a number of other provostships: in St. Severin in Cologne, Aachen, Deventer and Zutphen. ( Ripuarian: Oche, Dutch: Aken, Spanish: Aquisgrán, Italian: Aquisgrana, French, Deventer is a Municipality and City in the Salland region of the Dutch Province of Overijssel. Zutphen is a city in the province of Gelderland in the Netherlands. Although in 1203 he was elected Bishop of Münster he declined, because of his age. The Bishopric of Münster was an ecclesiastical principality in the Holy Roman Empire, located in the northern part of today's North Rhine-Westphalia and western
In 1206, on account of his support for his cousin Adolf I of Altena, Archbishop of Cologne, in the interests of Philip of Swabia against Otto of Brunswick, he was excommunicated by Pope Innocent III, but on his submission in 1208 he was pardoned. Adolf of Altena, Adolf of Berg or Adolf of Cologne, (c 1157 &ndash 15 April 1220 in Bishops and Archbishops of Cologne Bishops of Colonia Agrippina, 88–784 All names before Maternus ('II' are to be approached with considerable Philip of Swabia (1177 &ndash June 21, 1208) was king of Germany and duke of Swabia, the rival of the emperor Otto IV. Otto IV of Brunswick (1175 or 1176 – May 19, 1218) was one of two rival kings of the Holy Roman Empire from 1198 on sole king from 1208 on and emperor Excommunication is a religious Censure used to deprive or suspend membership in a religious community Pope Innocent III ( February 22, 1161 &ndash June 16, 1216) born Lotario de' Conti di Segni, was Pope from January In 1212, as an act of penance for his earlier rebellion, he took part in the Albigensian Crusade. Penance is repentance of Sins as well as the proper name of the Catholic and Orthodox Christian Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation/Confession The Albigensian Crusade or Cathar Crusade (1209&ndash1229 was a 20-year military campaign initiated by the Roman Catholic Church to eliminate the Cathar He gave his allegiance to the future Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor after the Battle of Bouvines in 1214. Frederick II ( December 26, 1194 &ndash December 13, 1250) of the Hohenstaufen dynasty was a Pretender to the title The Battle of Bouvines July 27, 1214, was a conclusive medieval battle ending the twelve year old War of Bouvines took ground exactly opposite in
Archbishop of Cologne and after
Engelbert was elected Archbishop of Cologne as Engelbert I on 29 February 1216 and was consecrated on 24 September 1217, in which office he remained until his violent death. Leap years Although the modern calendar counts a year as 365 days a complete revolution around the sun takes approximately 365 days and 6 hours Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina.
Engelbert came to enjoy the trust of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, becoming imperial administrator (Reichsprovisor) in 1220 and guardian of the Emperor's son Henry (Henry (VII) of Germany), whom he crowned in Aachen in 1222 as King of the Romans at the age of twelve. The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states Frederick II ( December 26, 1194 &ndash December 13, 1250) of the Hohenstaufen dynasty was a Pretender to the title A legal guardian is a person who has the legal authority (and the corresponding duty to care for the personal and Property interests of another person called a ward ( Ripuarian: Oche, Dutch: Aken, Spanish: Aquisgrán, Italian: Aquisgrana, French, King of the Romans ( Latin: Rex Romanorum) was the title used by the elected ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the Imperator futurus The archbishop remained the king's tutor and guardian until his death.
It is not clear to what extent Engelbert was personally involved with the important treaty Confoederatio cum principibus ecclesiasticis ("Treaty with the ecclesiastical princes"), which Frederick signed on 26 April 1220, although as Administrator of the German Kingdom (Gubernator Regni Teutonici) he must have had at least some input. The Confoederatio cum principibus ecclesiasticis (or Treaty with the Princes of the Church) of 26 April 1220 counts as one of the most important sources Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy. Clearly, however, in the increased powers it gave to all ecclesiastical princes it was of benefit also to the archbishops of Cologne, and the establishment and development of the new powers was part of Engelbert's archiepiscopal strategy.
When Engelbert succeeded, the rights and territories of the archdiocese were in bad order, following a long period of civil unrest in Germany. In many rites of the Roman Catholic Church and in Anglican churches, a diocese is an administrative territorial unit administered by a Bishop. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. He engaged himself at once in a series of campaigns and strategies to win them back and safeguard them, principally against the Dukes of Limburg and their allies the Dukes of Cleves. The house of Limburg Stirum, which adopted its name in the 12th century from the castle of Limburg an der Lenne in what is now Germany descends from the Ezzonen Cleves redirects here for the Duchy of Cleves and the conjoined states of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, see those articles Engelbert in turn set up alliances with Brabant and Namur. The Duchy of Brabant was a historical region in the Low Countries. List of Governors 1830 - 1834 Goswin de Stassart (Liberal 1834 - 1840 Joseph Lebeau (Liberal 1840 - 1847 Edouard
He had also to defend his personal inheritance against the Limburgers. In 1218 his brother Count Adolf VI of Berg died without male issue. Count Adolf VI of Berg (born before 1176 died 7 August 1218 at Damiette during the Hungarian crusade against Egypt) ruled the County Duke Walram III of Limburg considered himself entitled to inherit the County of Berg, as his son Heinrich (later Duke Heinrich IV of Limburg) was married to Irmgard of Berg, Count Adolf's only daughter. Berg was a medieval territory in today's North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. According to the Salic law, however, Engelbert was the heir of his brother and father. Salic law ( Lat Lex Salica) was an important body of traditional Law codified for governing the Salian Franks in the Early Middle Ages He won the dispute in two feuds. In 1220 a peace was concluded and Limburg's claim settled by the payment of a year's revenues.
Engelbert granted municipal rights to many places, including Wipperfürth, Attendorn, Brilon, Siegen, Werl and Herford, Vianden, Hamm, Neuerburg and Manderscheid. Wipperfürth is a Northrhine-Westfalian municipality in the Oberbergischer Kreis in Germany, about 40 km north-east of Cologne, and the oldest Attendorn is a German town in the Olpe district in North Rhine-Westphalia. Brilon (ˈbʁiːlɔn is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, that belongs to the Hochsauerlandkreis Geography Brilon is situated Siegen is a city in Germany in the South Westphalian part of the North Rhine-Westphalia, Hesse, Rhineland-Palatinate. Werl is a town located in the district of Soest in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Herford (ˈhɛɐ̯fɔɐ̯t is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, located in the lowlands between the mountain chains of the Wiehengebirge and the Vianden (Veianen is a commune with city status in the Oesling, north-eastern Hamm is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW Germany. It is located on the Lippe River, in the northeastern part of the Ruhr area. Neuerburg is a municipality in the district Bitburg-Prüm, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.
During the whole of his career as archbishop, Engelbert continued to fight for the re-establishment and security of the Archdiocese of Cologne both as an ecclesiastical authority and also as a secular territory. (It was said of him that despite his personal piety he was more of a monarch than a churchman). Not only did he constantly battle, by all means necessary, for the secular well-being of the lands of the archdiocese, of which he may be counted the de facto founder as a significant state; he also took energetic measures for the effective regulation of the City of Cologne itself; and he was a zealous champion of the religious throughout his archdiocese.
Death
Memorial to the assassinated Archbishop in Gevelsberg
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Engelbert earned the respect and affection of his subjects through his devotion to justice and his energy in maintaining law, and took great pains to ensure the well-being of the religious within his authority. Gevelsberg is a town in the district of Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis, in North Rhine-Westphalia, ( Germany) However, his effectiveness in achieving his goals by all means necessary, including military action, his allegiance to the pope and the emperor, and his uncompromising defence of the law and the rights of religious persons and bodies, brought him into conflict with the nobility, including his own family, and this led to his death.
His cousin Count Frederick of Isenberg[2] was Vogt of Essen Abbey, and was abusing his position by defrauding the nuns. Count Frederick of Isenberg (Friedrich von Isenberg (1193 &ndash 15 November 1226 was a German noble the younger son of Count Arnold of Altena This article is about the title Vogt For the surname see Vogt (surname. Essen Abbey ( Stift Essen) was a collegiate foundation for women of the high nobility in Essen. A Nun is a Woman who has taken special vows committing her to a religious life Engelbert was determined to protect their interests, and sought to bring Frederick to justice. On 7 November 1225 as they returned together from Soest, where they had attended a judicial hearing, to Cologne in a defile near the present-day Gevelsberg near Schwelm, he was killed, possibly murdered, by Frederick. Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat Soest ( pronounced) is a City in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Defile is a geographic term for a narrow pass or gorge between mountains or hills Gevelsberg is a town in the district of Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis, in North Rhine-Westphalia, ( Germany) Schwelm is a town in the district of Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis in the administrative region of Arnsberg within the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
It seems probable that behind the attack, which may have been intended to take Engelbert captive rather than kill him, was a whole group of disaffected nobility, in whose view the archbishop represented a major threat to their interests.
Engelbert's body was taken to Cologne on a dung-cart, and when examined, found to have forty-seven wounds.
Veneration
Engelbert's body was buried in Cologne Cathedral on 24 February 1226 on the order of Cardinal Conrad of Urach, the papal legate, who declared him a martyr (because he had died in defence of nuns). Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church. Conrad of Urach ( German: Konrad von Urach, also known as Konrad or Kuno von Zähringen) (born in the 1170s died 29 September A Papal Legate – from the Latin authentic Roman title Legatus – is a personal representative of the Pope to Foreign nations or to some part of the Catholic The term martyr ( Greek μάρτυς martys "witness" is most commonly used today to describe an individual who sacrifices their life (or personal freedom He is venerated by many as a saint. His successor as archbishop, Heinrich von Müllenark, commissioned the monk Caesarius von Heisterbach to compose a biography, presumably in preparation for canonisation. Heinrich I von Müllenark (also Mulnarken; 1190 &ndash 1238 was the Archbishop of Cologne within the Holy Roman Empire from 1225 until 1237 Caesar of Heisterbach, also known as Caesarius of Heisterbach ca Canonization is the act by which a particular Christian church declares a deceased person to be a Saint and is included in the canon or list of recognized saints The biography was duly written but for some reason the canonisation never took place. His remains are preserved today in a baroque shrine prepared on the authority of Archbishop Ferdinand von Bayern, who in 1618 also ordered the celebration of his feast on 7 November. Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc Bishops and Archbishops of Cologne Bishops of Colonia Agrippina, 88–784 All names before Maternus ('II' are to be approached with considerable Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat
See also
Notes
- ^ the description "Engelbert I of Berg" can refer either to Count Engelbert I of Berg or to the subject of this article, his son, Count Engelbert II of Berg, if referred to by his ecclesiastical office, when the form "Engelbert I of Berg, Archbishop of Cologne" sometimes occurs besides the more usual "Engelbert I of Cologne". Berg was a medieval territory in today's North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Count Engelbert I of Berg (d July 1189 in Serbia) ruled the County of Berg from 1160 to 1189
- ^ also sometimes referred to as of "Isenburg"
References
- Altenberger Blätter, Ausgabe 30, Ausführliche Artikel zum Mord an Engelbert 1225 (in German)
External links
This article is in part based on a translation of the article in the German Wikipedia - see link above
- (German) Biography on genealogie-mittelalter. Isenburg was a region of Germany which eventually located itself in southern Hesse, located in territories north and south of Frankfurt. de
- (German) 07. November 1225 from the Exhibition NRW 2000
- (English) Engelbert of Cologne in the Catholic Forum Patron Saints Index
| Preceded by Bruno IV von Sayn and Dietrich I von Hengebach |
Archbishop of Cologne 1220–1225 |
Succeeded by Heinrich I von Müllenark |
| Preceded by Adolf VI von Berg |
Count of Berg 1218–1225 |
Succeeded by Heinrich IV von Limburg |
This article incorporates text from the public-domain Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913. Bishops and Archbishops of Cologne Bishops of Colonia Agrippina, 88–784 All names before Maternus ('II' are to be approached with considerable Heinrich I von Müllenark (also Mulnarken; 1190 &ndash 1238 was the Archbishop of Cologne within the Holy Roman Empire from 1225 until 1237 Count Adolf VI of Berg (born before 1176 died 7 August 1218 at Damiette during the Hungarian crusade against Egypt) ruled the County Berg was a medieval territory in today's North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia
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