| Enga | |
|---|---|
| Statistics | |
| Capital: | Wabag |
| Area: | 12,800 km² (13th) |
| Districts: | Kandep District Kompiam District Lagaip-Porgera District Wabag District Kandep District |
| Population: (as of 2000) |
295,031 (7th) |
| Population Density: | 23.0 |
| Governor: (since 1997) |
Peter Ipatas |
| Map | |
 Map of Papua New Guinea highlighting Enga |
|
Enga refers to both an ethnic group located in the highlands of Papua New Guinea and the province in which they are the majority ethnic group. Wabag is the capital of Enga Province, Papua New Guinea. It is the least populous provincial capital in the country Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. The provinces of Papua New Guinea are the primary administrative divisions of the country |||} This page is a list of districts and Local-Level Government areas of Papua New Guinea. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology The provinces of Papua New Guinea are the primary administrative divisions of the country Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume The provinces of Papua New Guinea are the primary administrative divisions of the country A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government Papua New Guinea (or ˈpæpjuːə in Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini) officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania
Contents |
Physical geography
Enga is the highest and most rugged province in Papua New Guinea. It covers an area of 12,800 km². Much of the province is at altitudes of over 2000 meters. Lower altitude areas are typically valleys which form the watershed for the two major river systems that drain the province, the Lagaip (which is a tributary of the Fly) and the Lai (which is a tributary of the Sepik). The Fly at, is the second longest River, after the Sepik, in Papua New Guinea. The Sepik is the longest river on the island of New Guinea. The majority of the river flows through the Papua New Guinea (PNG provinces of Sandaun
Human geography
The Papua New Guinea census of 2000 lists the population of Enga at 295,031 people, although the accuracy of the census is questionable. The provincial capital of Enga is Wabag. Wabag is the capital of Enga Province, Papua New Guinea. It is the least populous provincial capital in the country The two other main centers of population are Wapenamanda and Laiagam. Porgera, at the western edge of the province, is home to a gold mine operated by Barrick Corporation. The Porgera Gold Mine is a large gold mining operation located in Enga province Papua New Guinea. Barrick Gold Corporation () is the largest pure Gold mining company in the world with its headquarters in Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Enga is unique among the provinces in Papua New Guinea in that it has only one major linguistic and ethnic group: Enga speakers. Enga (also Caga, Tsaga, Tchaga) is a language of the East New Guinea Highlands that is spoken by approximately 180000 people in Enga Province Although dialects of the Enga language vary greatly from Laiagam in the west to Wapenamanda in the east, Engans' shared ethnic identity overshadows the existence of other ethnic groups in the province, such as Ipili speakers (around Porgera) and Nete speakers. Enga (also Caga, Tsaga, Tchaga) is a language of the East New Guinea Highlands that is spoken by approximately 180000 people in Enga Province
Culture
Like many other highland Papua New Guineans living west of the Daulo Pass (between Simbu Province and Eastern Highlands Province), the traditional Engan settlement style is that of scattered homesteads dispersed throughout the landscape. Simbu, also known as (and officially named Chimbu, is a Highlands Region province in Papua New Guinea. Eastern Highlands is a highlands province of Papua New Guinea. Historically sweet potato was the staple food, sometimes supplemented by pork. The modern diet places an increasing emphasis on store bought rice and tinned fish and meat. Pigs remain a culturally valued item with elaborate systems of pig exchange also known as "tee" that mark social life in the province.
Traditional Engan culture practiced strict segregation of sexes. During initiation young men between the ages of 16 and 19 were purified in seclusion at a ceremony called the "sangai," in which their eyes were ritually washed with water, to remove any taint resulting from contact with females, and where they prepared traditional finery, the most notable item being a wig made out of their own hair. This distinctive round wig topped with sicklebird feathers is, more than any other item, an icon or symbol of Engan culture today.
Today the most popular religions in Enga are Catholicism, the Lutheran Church (Missouri Synod) (the Papua New Guinea Missouri Synod Lutherans being confined to Enga and styling themselves the Gutnius Lutheran Church, formerly the Wabag Lutheran Church), the Baptist Church and the Seventh-day Adventist Church. As a Christian Ecclesiastical term Catholic —from the Greek adjective, meaning "general" or "universal"—is described Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther Baptist is a term describing individuals belonging to a Baptist church or a Baptist denomination. The Seventh-day Adventist (abbreviated " Adventist " Church is a Christian denomination which is distinguished mainly by its observance Charismatic and pentecostal movements are growing in popularity. Pentecostalism is a renewalist religious movement within Christianity that places special emphasis on the direct personal experience of God through the Baptism
The lifestyle and customs of the Enga people was extensively studied and reported upon by the American anthropologist Mervyn Meggitt. Mervyn Meggitt ( August 20, 1924 - November 13, 2003 New York State was an American anthropologist who was one of the pioneering researchers
Traditional Architecture
For centuries Engans have constructed dwellings made from locally available bush materials. Roof construction is often of a crude thatch type, waterproofing being obtained by repeated lighting of a heavily smoking fire inside and the accretion of the soot onto the roofing material.
Floors are often dirt, covered with a semi-disposable woven layer of bush material.
In wind prone areas of Enga, wind-proofing of the walls is effected by sealing with a daub mixture of pig manure, tree sap and ash.
People
Like many ethnic groups in the Papua New Guinea Highlands, Engans often possess a strong and sturdy frame, being neither remarkably short nor tall. Most men cultivate a beard after their early adult years have passed, which will be allowed to grow until it is a fine length. Women too will occasionally cultivate facial hair, it not being regarded as particularly attractive or unnattractive.
Facial tattooing of women is common, for various reasons, and the markings can be as simple as a small circle, all the way to complicated striations which cover the entire face.
As elsewhere in PNG, the wantok system is a key cultural item.
Without generalising too much, Engan people are a proud, strong-willed and independent people, extremely gifted in the arts of negotiation and diplomacy, able to withstand climatic extremes with no visible discomfort, and like most Melanesian peoples, possessing a fine sense of humor and of the ridiculous. Melanesia (from Greek: μέλας black, νῆσος island) means "islands of the black-skinned people"
Polygamy is practiced by some Engan men. The term polygamy (a Greek word meaning "the practice of multiple marriage" is used in related ways in Social anthropology, Sociobiology, and
Education
There are a number of state and religious schools in the province. For higher education Engans must travel to universities in Lae, Goroka or Port Moresby. Lae, the capital of Morobe Province is the second largest city in Papua New Guinea Goroka is the capital of the Eastern Highlands province of Papua New Guinea. ||-||-||-||-||-||} Port Moresby (ˌpɔrt ˈmɔrzbi or Pot Mosbi in Tok Pisin, population 255000 (2000 is the Capital and largest city of Papua
Tribal Conflict
Tribal conflicts are common using crude clubs and steel bush knives, occasionally employing the use of shields made from corrugated sheeting. The usual method of engagement is for both warring parties to line up opposite each other, spend several hours verbally abusing each other, with small rushes towards and away from the enemy being made - increasing in boldness. Eventually, a critical point is reached and the battle begins in earnest.
Observing a tribal fight in progress is possible, so long as the observer remains an impartial non-combatant.
Sadly, high-powered rifles, home made shotguns and sidearms are becoming more and more popular weapons in Enga, both for tribal warfare and for raskol activities. Sniper tactics have become a more popular method of settling disputes. When projectile weaponry is utilised in a traditional tribal fight the death toll is significantly higher. This also presents additional hazards for those interested in observing a tribal fight in progress. It is recommended that the observer position themselves well out of the line of fire. Employing the use of a foxhole for protection is an excellent measure, as is the wearing of ballistic armour.
History
Although little archaeological excavation has been done in Enga, it is clear that the area has been settled for over 12,000 years. Europeans -- typically Australian gold prospectors -- originally entered what is now Enga province from the north in the late 1920s, although the best-known explorations into Enga took place during the early 1930s as prospectors moved in from Mt. Hagen to the west. By World War II Enga had been very roughly mapped by the government; Lutheran and Roman Catholic missionaries were permitted to establish stations beginning in 1949 but a permanent government presence was not established in most of the district until the late 1950s. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The 1950s Decade refers to the years of 1950 to 1959 inclusive
Enga was part of Western Highlands District until just before Papua New Guinea independence in 1975, when most of the Enga-speaking part of the District (with the notable exclusion of the Baiyer River region which is inaccessible by road other than from Mount Hagen) was separated into a discrete District. Papua New Guinea (or ˈpæpjuːə in Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini) officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Mount Hagen is third largest city in Papua New Guinea. It is the capital of the Western Highlands Province and is located in the large fertile Wahgi Valley The provincial government has a history of corruption and lack of capacity, and is unique in Papua New Guinea for having had its power suspended three times by the national government due to concerns over its accountability.
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