In thermodynamics, the word endothermic "within-heating" describes a process or reaction that absorbs energy in the form of heat. In Physics, thermodynamics (from the Greek θερμη therme meaning " Heat " and δυναμις dynamis meaning " In Physics and other Sciences energy (from the Greek grc ἐνέργεια - Energeia, "activity operation" from grc ἐνεργός In Physics, heat, symbolized by Q, is Energy transferred from one body or system to another due to a difference in Temperature Its etymology stems from the Greek prefix endo-, meaning “inside” and the Greek suffix –thermic, meaning “to heat”. The opposite of an endothermic process is an exothermic process, one that releases energy in the form of heat. In Thermodynamics, the word exothermic "outside heating" describes a process or reaction that releases Energy usually in the form of Heat, but The term “endothermic” was coined by Marcellin Berthelot. Marcellin (or Marcelin Pierre Eugène Berthelot ( October 25, 1827 - March 18, 1907) was a French Chemist and Politician
The concept is frequently applied in physical sciences to e. Physical science is an encompassing term for the branches of Natural science and Science that study non-living systems in contrast to the biological sciences g. chemical reactions, where thermal energy (heat) is converted to chemical bond energy. A chemical reaction is a process that always results in the interconversion of Chemical substances The substance or substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called Thermal energy is the sum of the sensible energy and latent energy. In Chemistry, bond energy ( E) is a measure of Bond strength in a Chemical bond.
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Overview
Endothermic, also incorrectly known as endergonic, refers to a transformation in which a system receives heat from the surroundings:
- Q > 0
When the transformation occurs at constant pressure:
- ∆H > 0
and constant volume:
- ∆U > 0
If the surroundings do not supply heat (e. g. , when the system is adiabatic), an endothermic transformation leads to a decrease in the temperature of the system. This article covers adiabatic processes in Thermodynamics. For adiabatic processes in Quantum mechanics, see Adiabatic process (quantum mechanics [1]
Endothermic processes
Some examples of endothermic processes are:[2]
- Melting of ice
- Depressurising a pressure can
Implications for chemical reactions
Chemical endothermic reactions need heat to be performed. In a thermochemical reaction that is endothermic, the heat is placed on the reactants side (heat is necessary for and absorbed during the reaction).
Applications of endothermic processes
Endothermic materials in passive fire protection
Endothermic substances, both natural, e. Passive fire protection (PFP is an integral component of the three components of structural Fire protection and fire safety in a Building. g. gypsum, and synthetic, e. Gypsum is a very soft Mineral composed of Calcium sulfate dihydrate with the Chemical formula Ca[[sulfur S]] O 4·2 g. resin-based intumescents, are popular for use in heat shielding, ablation, materials in space physics, fireproofing, e. Resin, not to be confused with Rosin, is a Hydrocarbon Secretion of many Plants particularly coniferous trees. An intumescent is a substance which swells as a result of Heat exposure thus increasing in Volume, and decreasing in Density. Ablation is defined as the removal of material from the surface of an object by Vaporization, Chipping, or other erosive processes Space physics, also known as space plasma physics, is the study of plasmas as they occur naturally in the Universe. "Fireproof" redirects here For the album see Fireproof (album. g. fire-resistive coatings for LPG vessels, and compartmentalisation of fire in buildings, which is the cornerstone of passive fire protection. Liquefied petroleum gas (also called LPG, GPL, LP Gas, or Autogas) is a mixture of Hydrocarbon Gases used as a Fuel In structures such as land-based Buildings traffic Tunnels Ships aerospace vehicles, or Submarines compartmentalization is the fundamental Typically, the technological basis is the conversion of hydrates, or chemically-bound water into vapour, or steam. Hydrate is a term used in Inorganic chemistry and Organic chemistry to indicate that a substance contains Water. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Uses A Steam engine uses the expansion of steam in order to drive a Piston or Turbine to perform Mechanical work.
See also
References
- ^ Perrot, Pierre (1998). Endergonic means absorbing energy in the form of work Its etymology stems from the suffix -ergonic as derived from the Greek root ergon meaning work, In chemical thermodynamics, an endergonic reaction (also called an unfavorable reaction or a nonspontaneous reaction) is a chemical reaction in which the Exergonic means to release energy in the form of work Its etymology stems from the suffix -ergonic, as derived from the Greek root ergon meaning work, An exergonic reaction is a chemical reaction that involves a net release of free energy is a Chemical reaction where the variation of Gibbs free energy is negative A to Z of Thermodynamics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-856552-6.
- ^ Exothermic - Endothermic examples
External links
- Endothermic Definition - MSDS Hyper-Glossary
- School experiment
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