Release Insulin-like growth factor 1 from liver

In male: spermatogenesis, enhances production of androgen-binding protein by the Sertoli cells of the testes

In male: stimulates Leydig cell production of testosterone

Involved in orgasm, trust between people. Spermatogenesis is the process by which male Spermatogonia develop into mature Spermatozoa. Androgen-binding protein ( ABP) is a Glycoprotein (beta- Globulin) produced by the Sertoli cells in the Seminiferous tubules of A Sertoli cell (a kind of Sustentacular cell) is a 'nurse' cell of the testes which is part of a Seminiferous tubule. The testicle (from Latin testiculus, diminutive of testis, meaning "witness" virility plural testes) is the male Luteinizing hormone ( LH, also known as lutropin) is a Hormone produced by the Anterior pituitary gland. Gonadotropes are basophilic cells in the Anterior pituitary which produce the Gonadotropins Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH and Note This article deals primarily with Human ovulation nonhuman Animal ovulation is touched on briefly at the conclusion Leydig cells, also known as interstitial cells of Leydig, are found adjacent to the Seminiferous tubules in the testicle. Testosterone is a Steroid hormone from the Androgen group In mammals testosterone is primarily secreted in the testes of males and the Ovaries The posterior pituitary (or neurohypophysis) comprises the Posterior lobe of the Pituitary gland and is part of the Endocrine system. Oxytocin ( IPA: /ˌɔksɪˈtoʊsɪn/ (Greek "quick birth" is a Mammalian Hormone that also acts as a Neurotransmitter in the Magnocellular neurosecretory cells are large cells within the Supraoptic nucleus and Paraventricular nucleus of the Hypothalamus. The cervix (from Latin "neck" is the lower narrow portion of the Uterus where it joins with the top end of the Vagina. The vagina (from Latin, literally " Sheath " or " Scabbard " is a fibromuscular tubular tract leading from the Uterus An orgasm (sexual climax is the conclusion of the plateau phase of the sexual response cycle, and may be experienced by both males and females ^[5] and circadian homeostasis (body temperature, activity level, wakefulness) ^[6]. release breast milk

moderate vasoconstriction

affect protein synthesis

affect protein synthesis, often functions as a prohormone

reduce blood Ca²⁺

• Ca²⁺ reabsorption in kidney
• activate vitamin D

(Slightly) decrease blood phosphate:

• (decreased reuptake in kidney but increased uptake from bones
• activate vitamin D)

reducing systemic vascular resistance, reducing blood water, sodium and fats

reducing systemic vascular resistance, reducing blood water, sodium and fats

secretion of growth hormone from anterior pituitary gland

Enhances effects of cholecystokinin Stops production of gastric juice

Lowers rate of gastric emptying Reduces smooth muscle contractions and blood flow within the intestine ^[9]

Release of bile from gallbladder, hunger suppressant

regulate cell growth and development

release of aldosterone from adrenal cortex dipsogen. Estrogens (US otherwise oestrogens or œstrogens) are a group of Steroid compounds named for their importance in the Estrous cycle, Estrone (also oestrone) is an Estrogenic Hormone secreted by the Ovary. Adipocytes are the cells that primarily compose Adipose tissue, specialized in storing energy as Fat. In Human anatomy, the stomach is a J-shaped hollow muscular organ of the Gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of Digestion, following In humans gastrin is a Hormone that stimulates secretion of Gastric acid (HCl by the Parietal cells of the Stomach, as well as aiding in In Anatomy, the G cell is a type of cell in the stomach that secretes Gastrin. Gastric acid is one of the main Secretions of the Stomach, together with several Enzymes and Intrinsic factor. Parietal cells (also called oxyntic cells) are the Stomach Epithelium cells that secrete Gastric acid and Intrinsic factor Ghrelin is a Hormone produced mainly by P/D1 cells lining the fundus of the human Stomach and epsilon cells of the Pancreas that stimulates Cells lining the fundus of the human Stomach that produce Ghrelin. Growth hormone ( GH) is a Peptide hormone that stimulates growth and cell reproduction in humans and other animals The anterior pituitary (also called the adenohypophysis, from Greek adeno, "gland" hypo, "under" physis, "growth" Neuropeptide Y (NPY is a 36 Amino acid peptide Neurotransmitter found in the Brain and Autonomic nervous system. Secretin is a Peptide hormone produced in the S cells of the Duodenum in the Crypts of Lieberkühn. S cells are cells which release Secretin, found in the Jejunum and Duodenum. In Inorganic chemistry, bicarbonate ( IUPAC -recommended nomenclature hydrogencarbonate) is an intermediate form in the Deprotonation The liver is a vital organ in the human body and is present in Vertebrates and some other animals The pancreas is a Gland organ in the digestive and Endocrine system of Vertebrates. Brunner glands (or Pancreal glands) are compound tubular submucosal Glands found in that portion of the Duodenum which is above the Cholecystokinin ( CCK; from Greek chole, "bile" cysto, "sac" kinin, "move" hence move the bile-sac Somatostatin (also known as growth hormone inhibiting hormone ( GHIH) or somatotropin release-inhibiting factor ( SRIF) is a Peptide hormone In humans gastrin is a Hormone that stimulates secretion of Gastric acid (HCl by the Parietal cells of the Stomach, as well as aiding in Cholecystokinin ( CCK; from Greek chole, "bile" cysto, "sac" kinin, "move" hence move the bile-sac Secretin is a Peptide hormone produced in the S cells of the Duodenum in the Crypts of Lieberkühn. Motilin is a Polypeptide hormone secreted by M cells of the Small intestine that increases the Migrating myoelectric complex component Vasoactive intestinal peptide ( VIP, also polypeptide) is a Peptide hormone containing 28 Amino acid residues and is produced in many Gastric inhibitory polypeptide ( GIP) also known as the glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide is a member of the secretin family of Hormones Enteroglucagon is a Peptide Hormone derived from Preproglucagon. Smooth muscle is a type of non- Striated muscle, found within the Tunica media layer of large and small Arteries and Veins, the bladder Histamine is a Biogenic amine involved in local immune responses as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a Neurotransmitter Enterochromaffin-like cells or ECL cells are a type of Neuroendocrine cells found in the gastric glands of the Gastric mucosa beneath the Epithelium Gastric acid is one of the main Secretions of the Stomach, together with several Enzymes and Intrinsic factor. Endothelins are proteins that constrict blood vessels and raise blood pressure Smooth muscle is a type of non- Striated muscle, found within the Tunica media layer of large and small Arteries and Veins, the bladder In Anatomy of the Digestive system, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube about 25-30 cm (10-12 in long connecting the Stomach to the Jejunum Cholecystokinin ( CCK; from Greek chole, "bile" cysto, "sac" kinin, "move" hence move the bile-sac Cholecystokinin ( CCK; from Greek chole, "bile" cysto, "sac" kinin, "move" hence move the bile-sac Enzymes are Biomolecules that catalyze ( ie increase the rates of Chemical reactions Almost all enzymes are Proteins The pancreas is a Gland organ in the digestive and Endocrine system of Vertebrates. Bile or gall is a bitter yellow or green Alkaline fluid secreted by Hepatocytes from the Liver of most Vertebrates In many species Hunger is a feeling experienced usually followed by a desire to Eat. The liver is a vital organ in the human body and is present in Vertebrates and some other animals The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs are Polypeptides with high sequence similarity to Insulin. Hepatocytes make up 70-80% of the Cytoplasmic mass of the Liver. The term cell growth is used in two different ways in Biology. Angiotensin causes blood vessels to constrict and drives blood pressure up Angiotensin causes blood vessels to constrict and drives blood pressure up Hepatocytes make up 70-80% of the Cytoplasmic mass of the Liver. Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of the blood vessels resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels particularly the large Arteries, Arterioles Aldosterone is a hormone that causes the tubules of the kidneys to retain sodium and water Situated along the perimeter of the Adrenal gland, the adrenal cortex mediates the stress response through the production of Mineralocorticoids and Glucocorticoids A dipsogen is an agent that causes Thirst. (From Greek dypsa, "thirst" and the suffix -gen, "to create"

intake of lipids and synthesis of triglycerides in adipocytes Other anabolic effects

increases blood glucose level

Inhibit release of glucagon^[11] Suppress the exocrine secretory action of pancreas. Thrombopoietin (leukemia virus oncogene ligand megakaryocyte growth and development factor, also known as THPO, is a Glycoprotein Hormone produced Hepatocytes make up 70-80% of the Cytoplasmic mass of the Liver. The megakaryocyte is a Bone marrow cell responsible for the production of blood Platelets necessary for normal blood Clotting Megakaryocytes normally Platelets, or Thrombocytes, are small cytoplasmic bodies derived from cells They circulate in the Blood of Mammals and are involved The pancreas is a Gland organ in the digestive and Endocrine system of Vertebrates. Insulin is a Hormone with intensive effects on both metabolism and several other body systems (eg vascular compliance Beta cells ( beta-cells, β-cells) are a type of cell in the Pancreas in areas called the Islets of Langerhans. Glucose (Glc a Monosaccharide (or simple Sugar) also known as grape sugar, is an important Carbohydrate in Biology. Glycogenesis is the process of Glycogen synthesis in which Glucose molecules are added to chains of glycogen See also Gluconeogenesis, which carries out a process wherein glucose is synthesized rather than catabolized The liver is a vital organ in the human body and is present in Vertebrates and some other animals Muscle (from Latin musculus, diminutive of mus "mouse" is contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the Lipids are broadly defined as any fat- Soluble ( lipophilic) naturally-occurring Molecule, such as fats oils waxes cholesterol sterols fat-soluble (more properly known as, TAG or triacylglyceride) is Glyceride in which the Glycerol is Esterified with three Fatty acids It is the Adipocytes are the cells that primarily compose Adipose tissue, specialized in storing energy as Fat. Anabolism is the set of Metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units Glucagon is an important Hormone involved in Carbohydrate metabolism. Alpha cells are endocrine cells in the Islets of Langerhans of the Pancreas. Glycogenolysis (also known as "Glycogenlysis" is the Catabolism of Glycogen by removal of a Glucose monomer through cleavage with inorganic Gluconeogenesis (abreviated GNG) is a Metabolic pathway that results in the generation of Glucose from non- Carbohydrate carbon substrates such The liver is a vital organ in the human body and is present in Vertebrates and some other animals Somatostatin (also known as growth hormone inhibiting hormone ( GHIH) or somatotropin release-inhibiting factor ( SRIF) is a Peptide hormone Delta cells (δ-cells or D cells are Somatostatin producing cells They can be found in the Stomach, Intestine and the Islets of Langerhans Insulin is a Hormone with intensive effects on both metabolism and several other body systems (eg vascular compliance Glucagon is an important Hormone involved in Carbohydrate metabolism. The pancreas is a Gland organ in the digestive and Endocrine system of Vertebrates.

Increase absorption of calcium and phosphate from gastrointestinal tract and kidneys inhibit release of PTH

Inhibition of glucose uptake in muscle and adipose tissue Mobilization of amino acids from extrahepatic tissues Stimulation of fat breakdown in adipose tissue anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive

Potassium and H⁺ secretion in kidney. Pancreatic polypeptide is a Polypeptide secreted by PP cells in the Endocrine pancreas predominantly in the Head of the pancreas. PP cells (F cells are Pancreatic polypeptide producing cells in the Islets of Langerhans in the Pancreas. The kidneys are complicated organs that have numerous biological roles Renin (pronounced "Ree-nin" or "Rē-nin" (ˈriːnɨn also known as Angiotensinogenase, is a circulating Enzyme that participates in the body's In the Kidney, the juxtaglomerular cells ( JG cells, also known as granular cells) are cells that synthesize store and secrete the enzyme Renin The renin-angiotensin system (RAS or the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS is a hormone system that regulates Blood pressure and water ( fluid Angiotensin causes blood vessels to constrict and drives blood pressure up Angiotensin causes blood vessels to constrict and drives blood pressure up Erythropoietin (ɨˌɹɪθɹoʊˈpɔɪɨtɨn /ɨˌɹɪθɹoʊˈpɔɪtən/ or /ɨˌɹiːθɹoʊ-/ or EPO is a Glycoprotein Hormone that controls Extraglomerular mesangial cells (or lacis cells) are light-staining cells in the Kidney found outside the Glomerulus, near the Vascular pole Red blood cells are the most common type of Blood cell and the Vertebrate body's principal means of delivering Oxygen to the body tissues via the Blood Calcitriol ( INN) (ˌkælsɨˈtraɪɒl/ /ˌkælˈsɨtriːɒl or 125-dihydroxycholecalciferol (abbreviated 125-(OH2D3) (also Cholecalciferol is a form of Vitamin D, also called vitamin D3. Calcium (ˈkælsiəm is the Chemical element with the symbol Ca and Atomic number 20 A phosphate, an Inorganic chemical, is a salt of Phosphoric acid. The kidneys are complicated organs that have numerous biological roles Parathyroid hormone (PTH, or parathormone, is secreted by the Parathyroid glands as a Polypeptide containing 84 Amino acids. Thrombopoietin (leukemia virus oncogene ligand megakaryocyte growth and development factor, also known as THPO, is a Glycoprotein Hormone produced The megakaryocyte is a Bone marrow cell responsible for the production of blood Platelets necessary for normal blood Clotting Megakaryocytes normally Platelets, or Thrombocytes, are small cytoplasmic bodies derived from cells They circulate in the Blood of Mammals and are involved In Mammals the adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are the triangle-shaped Endocrine glands that sit on top of the Kidneys their Situated along the perimeter of the Adrenal gland, the adrenal cortex mediates the stress response through the production of Mineralocorticoids and Glucocorticoids Glucocorticoids (GC are a class of Steroid hormones characterised by an ability to bind with the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR) and trigger similar effects Cortisol is a Corticosteroid Hormone produced by the Adrenal gland (in the Zona fasciculata of the Adrenal cortex) Cells of the zona fasciculata sit directly beneath the Zona glomerulosa and are organized in bundles (or Fascicles) The zona reticularis is the innermost layer of the Adrenal cortex, lying deep to the Zona fasciculata and superficial to the Adrenal medulla. Gluconeogenesis (abreviated GNG) is a Metabolic pathway that results in the generation of Glucose from non- Carbohydrate carbon substrates such "Adipose" redirects here For the Doctor Who monster see " Partners in Crime " In Chemistry, an amino acid is a Molecule containing both Amine and Carboxyl Functional groups In Biochemistry, this Fatty acid degradation is the process in which Fatty acids are broken down into their metabolites resulting in release of its energy to the target cells Anti-inflammatory refers to the property of a substance or treatment that reduces Inflammation. Immunosuppression involves an act that reduces the activation or Efficacy of the Immune system. Mineralocorticoids are a class of Steroid hormones characterised by their similarity to Aldosterone and their influence on salt and water balance Aldosterone is a hormone that causes the tubules of the kidneys to retain sodium and water The zona glomerulosa of the Adrenal gland is the most superficial layer of the adrenal cortex lying directly beneath the adrenal gland's capsule Blood volume is the Volume of Blood (both Red blood cells and plasma) in a person's Circulatory system. Sodium (ˈsoʊdiəm is an element which has the symbol Na( Latin natrium, from Arabic natrun) atomic number 11 atomic mass 22 The kidneys are complicated organs that have numerous biological roles Potassium (pəˈtæsiəm is a Chemical element. It has the symbol K (kalium from qalīy Atomic number 19 and Atomic mass 39 Hydrogen ion is recommended by IUPAC as a general term for all Ions of Hydrogen and its Isotopes Depending on the Charge of the ion

• Boost the supply of oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles (by increasing heart rate and stroke volume, vasodilation, increasing catalysis of glycogen in liver, breakdown of lipids in fat cells)
• Dilate the pupils
• Suppress non-emergency bodily processes (e. Androgen is the generic term for any natural or synthetic compound usually a Steroid Hormone, that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine Dehydroepiandrosterone ( DHEA) is a natural Steroid Prohormone produced from Cholesterol by the Adrenal glands the Gonads Testosterone is a Steroid hormone from the Androgen group In mammals testosterone is primarily secreted in the testes of males and the Ovaries Cells of the zona fasciculata sit directly beneath the Zona glomerulosa and are organized in bundles (or Fascicles) The zona reticularis is the innermost layer of the Adrenal cortex, lying deep to the Zona fasciculata and superficial to the Adrenal medulla. In biology and medicine virilization refers to the biological development of Sex differences, changes which make a Male body different from a Female body Anabolism is the set of Metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units The adrenal medulla is part of the Adrenal gland. It is located at the center of the gland being surrounded by the Adrenal cortex. Chromaffin cells are Neuroendocrine cells found in the medulla of the Adrenal gland (suprarenal gland - located above the kidneys and in other ganglia The fight-or-flight response', also called the fright, fight or flight response, hyperarousal or the acute stress response, was first Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the Glucose (Glc a Monosaccharide (or simple Sugar) also known as grape sugar, is an important Carbohydrate in Biology. The brain is the center of the Nervous system in animals All Vertebrates and the majority of Invertebrates have a brain Muscle (from Latin musculus, diminutive of mus "mouse" is contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the Measuring heart rate The Pulse rate (which in most people is identical to the heart rate can be measured at any point on the body where an Artery 's pulsation Stroke volume (SV is the volume of Blood pumped by the right/ Left ventricle of the heart in one contraction. Catalysis is the process in which the rate of a Chemical reaction is increased by means of a Chemical substance known as a catalyst Glycogen is a Polysaccharide of Glucose (Glc which functions as the secondary short term energy storage in Animal cells Lipids are broadly defined as any fat- Soluble ( lipophilic) naturally-occurring Molecule, such as fats oils waxes cholesterol sterols fat-soluble Adipocytes are the cells that primarily compose Adipose tissue, specialized in storing energy as Fat. The pupil is the hole that is located in the center of the iris of the eye and that controls the amount of light that enters the Eye. g. , digestion)
• Suppress immune system

• Boost the supply of oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles (by increasing heart rate and stroke volume, vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure, breakdown of lipids in fat cells)
• Increase skeletal muscle readiness. Digestion is the breaking down of chemicals in the body into a form that can be absorbed An immune system is a collection of mechanisms within an Organism that protects against Disease by identifying and killing Pathogens and Tumor Norepinephrine ( INN) (abbreviated norepi or NE) or noradrenaline ( BAN) (abbreviated NA or NAd) is a Chromaffin cells are Neuroendocrine cells found in the medulla of the Adrenal gland (suprarenal gland - located above the kidneys and in other ganglia The fight-or-flight response', also called the fright, fight or flight response, hyperarousal or the acute stress response, was first Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the Glucose (Glc a Monosaccharide (or simple Sugar) also known as grape sugar, is an important Carbohydrate in Biology. The brain is the center of the Nervous system in animals All Vertebrates and the majority of Invertebrates have a brain Muscle (from Latin musculus, diminutive of mus "mouse" is contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the Measuring heart rate The Pulse rate (which in most people is identical to the heart rate can be measured at any point on the body where an Artery 's pulsation Stroke volume (SV is the volume of Blood pumped by the right/ Left ventricle of the heart in one contraction. Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of the blood vessels resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels particularly the large Arteries, Arterioles Blood pressure is also the title of a short story by Damon Runyan in Guys and Dolls and Other Stories Lipids are broadly defined as any fat- Soluble ( lipophilic) naturally-occurring Molecule, such as fats oils waxes cholesterol sterols fat-soluble Adipocytes are the cells that primarily compose Adipose tissue, specialized in storing energy as Fat. Skeletal muscle is a type of Striated muscle, which usually attaches to tendons

Virilizing: maturation of sex organs, formation of scrotum, deepening of voice, growth of beard and axillary hair. Dopamine is a Hormone and Neurotransmitter occurring in a wide variety of animals including both vertebrates and invertebrates Chromaffin cells are Neuroendocrine cells found in the medulla of the Adrenal gland (suprarenal gland - located above the kidneys and in other ganglia The heart is a muscular organ in all Vertebrates responsible for pumping Blood through the Blood vessels by repeated rhythmic Blood pressure is also the title of a short story by Damon Runyan in Guys and Dolls and Other Stories An enkephalin is a Pentapeptide involved in regulating Pain and Nociception in the body Chromaffin cells are Neuroendocrine cells found in the medulla of the Adrenal gland (suprarenal gland - located above the kidneys and in other ganglia Androgen is the generic term for any natural or synthetic compound usually a Steroid Hormone, that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine Testosterone is a Steroid hormone from the Androgen group In mammals testosterone is primarily secreted in the testes of males and the Ovaries Leydig cells, also known as interstitial cells of Leydig, are found adjacent to the Seminiferous tubules in the testicle. Anabolism is the set of Metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units Muscle (from Latin musculus, diminutive of mus "mouse" is contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the Bone density (or bone mineral density) is a medical term referring to the amount of matter per cubic centimeter of Bones It is measured by a procedure called In biology and medicine virilization refers to the biological development of Sex differences, changes which make a Male body different from a Female body A sex organ, or primary sexual characteristic, as narrowly defined is any of the anatomical parts of the body which are involved in sexual reproduction and constitute In some Male Mammals the scrotum - also 'scrutum' or 'scrootum' - is a protuberance of Skin and Muscle containing the Testicles Underarm Hair (also called axillary hair or armpit hair) is the composition of Hair in the Underarm area

• Convert endometrium to secretory stage
• Make cervical mucus permeable to sperm. Progesterone is a C-21 Steroid Hormone involved in the Female Menstrual cycle, Pregnancy (supports Gestation A granulosa cell is a Somatic cell found closely associated with the developing female Gamete (called an Oocyte or egg The theca folliculi comprise a layer of the Ovarian follicles They appear as the follicles become Tertiary follicles The theca are divided into two layers the Pregnancy ( Latin graviditas) is the carrying of one or more offspring known as a Fetus or Embryo, inside the Uterus of a Female The endometrium is the inner membrane of the Mammalian Uterus. The cervix (from Latin "neck" is the lower narrow portion of the Uterus where it joins with the top end of the Vagina.
• Inhibit immune response, e. An immune system is a collection of mechanisms within an Organism that protects against Disease by identifying and killing Pathogens and Tumor g. , towards the human embryo
• Decrease uterine smooth muscle contractility^[13]
• Inhibit lactation
• Inhibit onset of labor. An embryo (from Greek:, plural, lit "that which grows" from en- "in" + bryein "to swell be full" is a multicellular Smooth muscle is a type of non- Striated muscle, found within the Tunica media layer of large and small Arteries and Veins, the bladder Lactation describes the secretion of Milk from the Mammary glands the process of providing that milk to the young and the period of time that a Mother Childbirth (also called labour, birth, partus or parturition) is the culmination of a Human Pregnancy or

Other:

• Raise epidermal growth factor-1 levels
• Increase core temperature during ovulation^[14]
• Reduce spasm and relax smooth muscle (widen bronchi and regulate mucus)

Anti-inflammatory

• Reduce gall-bladder activity^[15]
• Normalize blood clotting and vascular tone, zinc and copper levels, cell oxygen levels, and use of fat stores for energy
• Assist in thyroid function and bone growth by osteoblasts
• Increase resilience in bone, teeth, gums, joint, tendon, ligament, and skin
• Promote healing by regulating collagen
• Provide nerve function and healing by regulating myelin
• Prevent endometrial cancer by regulating effects of estrogen

• Promote formation of female secondary sex characteristics
• Accelerate height growth
• Accelerate metabolism (burn fat)
• Reduce muscle mass
• Stimulate endometrial growth
• Increase uterine growth
• Maintain blood vessels and skin
• Reduce bone resorption, increase bone formation

Protein synthesis:

• Increase hepatic production of binding proteins

Coagulation:

• Increase circulating level of factors 2, 7, 9, 10, antithrombin III, plasminogen
• Increase platelet adhesiveness
• Increase HDL, triglyceride, height growth
• Decrease LDL, fat deposition

Fluid balance:

• Regulate salt (sodium) and water retention
• Increase growth hormone
• Increase cortisol, SHBG

Gastrointestinal tract:

• Reduce bowel motility
• Increase cholesterol in bile

Melanin:

• Increase pheomelanin, reduce eumelanin

Cancer:

• Support hormone-sensitive breast cancers ^[16] (Suppression of production in the body of estrogen is a treatment for these cancers. Epidermal growth factor or EGF is a Growth factor that plays an important role in the regulation of Cell growth, Proliferation, and A spasm is a sudden involuntary contraction of a Muscle, a group of muscles or a hollow organ, or a similarly sudden Contraction of an Orifice Smooth muscle is a type of non- Striated muscle, found within the Tunica media layer of large and small Arteries and Veins, the bladder A bronchus (plural bronchi, adjective bronchial) is a caliber of airway in the Respiratory tract that conducts air into the Lungs No Gas In vertebrates mucus is a slippery secretion produced by and covering Mucous membranes It is a viscous Colloid containing Antiseptic enzymes (such as Inflammation ( Latin, inflamatio, to set on fire is the complex biological response of vascular tissues to harmful stimuli such as Pathogens The gallbladder (or cholecyst sometimes gall bladder is a small organ whose function in the body is to store Bile and aid in the digestive process Blood is a specialized Bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's cells ��such as nutrients and oxygen—and transports Waste products Zinc (ˈzɪŋk from Zink is a Metallic Chemical element with the symbol Zn and Atomic number 30 Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 The cell is the structural and functional unit of all known living Organisms It is the smallest unit of an organism that is classified as living and is often called Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the The thyroid is one of the largest Endocrine glands in the body Bones are rigid organs that form part of the Endoskeleton of Vertebrates They function to move support and protect the various organs of the body produce An osteoblast (from the Greek words for " Bone " and "germ" or embryonic is a mononucleate cell that is responsible for bone formation Resilience is the property of a material to absorb energy when it is deformed elastically and then upon unloading to have this energy recovered Bones are rigid organs that form part of the Endoskeleton of Vertebrates They function to move support and protect the various organs of the body produce The gingiva (sing and plur: gingiva) or gums, consists of the Mucosal tissue that lies over the Alveolar bone. A joint is the location at which two or more Bones make contact A tendon (or sinew) is a tough band of Fibrous connective tissue that usually connects Muscle to Bone and is capable of withstanding tension In Anatomy, the term ligament is used to denote three different types of structures Fibrous tissue that connects Bones to other bones The skin is the outer covering of living tissue of an animal (or plant Collagen is the main Protein of Connective tissue in Animals and the most abundant protein in Mammals making up about 50% of the whole-body protein Myelin is an electrically-insulating Dielectric Phospholipid layer that surrounds only the Axons of many Neurons It is an outgrowth Endometrial cancer refers to several types of malignancy which arise from the Endometrium, or lining of the Uterus. Androstenedione (also known as 4-androstenedione) is a 19- Carbon Steroid Hormone produced in the Adrenal glands and the Gonads The theca folliculi comprise a layer of the Ovarian follicles They appear as the follicles become Tertiary follicles The theca are divided into two layers the Estrogens (US otherwise oestrogens or œstrogens) are a group of Steroid compounds named for their importance in the Estrous cycle, Estrogens (US otherwise oestrogens or œstrogens) are a group of Steroid compounds named for their importance in the Estrous cycle, Estradiol (17β-estradiol (also oestradiol) is a Sex hormone. A granulosa cell is a Somatic cell found closely associated with the developing female Gamete (called an Oocyte or egg Secondary sex characteristics are traits that distinguish the two Sexes of a species but that are not directly part of the Reproductive system. Height is the measurement of vertical Distance, but has two meanings in common use Metabolism is the set of Chemical reactions that occur in living Organisms in order to maintain Life. Muscle (from Latin musculus, diminutive of mus "mouse" is contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the The endometrium is the inner membrane of the Mammalian Uterus. The uterus (from the Latin word for womb) is the major Female reproductive organ of most Mammals including Humans One end the The blood vessels are part of the Circulatory system and function to transport Blood throughout the body Bone resorption is the process by which Osteoclasts break down Bone and release the Minerals resulting in a transfer of calcium from bone fluid to the blood Proteins are large Organic compounds made of Amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by Peptide bonds between the Carboxyl Coagulation is a complex process by which Blood forms Clots It is an important part of Hemostasis (the cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel whereby Coagulation is a complex process by which Blood forms Clots It is an important part of Hemostasis (the cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel whereby Thrombin (activated Factor II ') is a Coagulation protein that has many effects in the coagulation cascade. Factor VII (formerly known as proconvertin) is one of the central Proteins in the coagulation cascade. Factor IX (or Christmas factor) is one of the Serine proteases ( of the Coagulation system it belongs to peptidase family S1 Factor X, also known by the Eponym Stuart-Prower factor or as thrombokinase, is an Enzyme ( of the coagulation cascade. Antithrombin (AT is a small protein molecule that inactivates several enzymes of the Coagulation system Plasmin is an important Enzyme ( present in Blood that degrades many Blood plasma proteins most notable Fibrin clots The degradation Platelets, or Thrombocytes, are small cytoplasmic bodies derived from cells They circulate in the Blood of Mammals and are involved High-density lipoproteins ( HDL) is one of the 5 major groups of Lipoproteins ( Chylomicrons, VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL (more properly known as, TAG or triacylglyceride) is Glyceride in which the Glycerol is Esterified with three Fatty acids It is the Height is the measurement of vertical Distance, but has two meanings in common use Low-density lipoprotein ( LDL) is a type of Lipoprotein that transports Cholesterol and Triglycerides from the Liver to peripheral Fats consist of a wide group of compounds that are generally soluble in organic solvents and largely insoluble in water Sodium (ˈsoʊdiəm is an element which has the symbol Na( Latin natrium, from Arabic natrun) atomic number 11 atomic mass 22 Growth hormone ( GH) is a Peptide hormone that stimulates growth and cell reproduction in humans and other animals Cortisol is a Corticosteroid Hormone produced by the Adrenal gland (in the Zona fasciculata of the Adrenal cortex) Sex hormone-binding globulin ( SHBG) is a Glycoprotein that binds to Sex hormones, specifically Testosterone and Estradiol. Bile or gall is a bitter yellow or green Alkaline fluid secreted by Hepatocytes from the Liver of most Vertebrates In many species Melanin is a class of compounds found in the Plant, Animal and Protista kingdoms, where it serves predominantly as a Pigment. Melanin is a class of compounds found in the Plant, Animal and Protista kingdoms, where it serves predominantly as a Pigment. Breast cancer is a Cancer that starts in the cells of the Breast in women and men )

Lung function:

• Promote lung function by supporting alveoli^[17]. An alveolus (plural alveoli, from Latin alveolus, "little cavity" is an anatomical structure that has the form of a hollow cavity

• Inhibit immune response, towards the fetus. Inhibin is a peptide that is an inhibitor of FSH Synthesis and Secretion, and participates in the regulation of the Menstrual cycle A granulosa cell is a Somatic cell found closely associated with the developing female Gamete (called an Oocyte or egg Follicle-stimulating hormone ( FSH) is a Hormone synthesized and secreted by Gonadotropes in the Anterior pituitary gland. The anterior pituitary (also called the adenohypophysis, from Greek adeno, "gland" hypo, "under" physis, "growth" The placenta is an Ephemeral organ present in placental Vertebrates, such as Eutherial Mammals and Sharks during Gestation Pregnancy ( Latin graviditas) is the carrying of one or more offspring known as a Fetus or Embryo, inside the Uterus of a Female Progesterone is a C-21 Steroid Hormone involved in the Female Menstrual cycle, Pregnancy (supports Gestation Pregnancy ( Latin graviditas) is the carrying of one or more offspring known as a Fetus or Embryo, inside the Uterus of a Female An immune system is a collection of mechanisms within an Organism that protects against Disease by identifying and killing Pathogens and Tumor A fetus (or foetus or fœtus) is a developing Mammal or other Viviparous Vertebrate, after the Embryonic stage and
• Decrease uterine smooth muscle contractility^[13]
• Inhibit lactation
• Inhibit onset of labor. Smooth muscle is a type of non- Striated muscle, found within the Tunica media layer of large and small Arteries and Veins, the bladder Lactation describes the secretion of Milk from the Mammary glands the process of providing that milk to the young and the period of time that a Mother Childbirth (also called labour, birth, partus or parturition) is the culmination of a Human Pregnancy or
• Support fetal production of adrenal mineralo- and glucosteroids. A fetus (or foetus or fœtus) is a developing Mammal or other Viviparous Vertebrate, after the Embryonic stage and In Mammals the adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are the triangle-shaped Endocrine glands that sit on top of the Kidneys their

Other effects on mother similar to ovarian follicle-progesterone

Inhibit immune response, towards the human embryo. Estrogens (US otherwise oestrogens or œstrogens) are a group of Steroid compounds named for their importance in the Estrous cycle, Estriol (also oestriol) is one of the three main Estrogens produced by the human body Human chorionic gonadotropin ( hCG) is a Glycoprotein Hormone produced in Pregnancy that is made by the Embryo soon after conception Syncytiotrophoblasts are Multinucleated cells found in the Placenta of embryos The corpus luteum ( Latin for "yellow body" (plural corpora lutea) is a temporary Endocrine structure in mammals involved in production of Pregnancy ( Latin graviditas) is the carrying of one or more offspring known as a Fetus or Embryo, inside the Uterus of a Female An immune system is a collection of mechanisms within an Organism that protects against Disease by identifying and killing Pathogens and Tumor An embryo (from Greek:, plural, lit "that which grows" from en- "in" + bryein "to swell be full" is a multicellular

increase insulin resistance and carbohydrate intolerance