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An encyclical was originally a circular letter sent to all the churches of a particular area in the ancient Christian church. A flyer (also spelled flier or called handbill) is a single page leaflet Advertising a Nightclub, event, service, or other At that time, the word could be used for a letter sent out by any bishop. A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight The word comes from Latin encyclia (from the Greek "en kyklo, ἐν κύκλῳ") meaning "general" or "encircling", which is also the origin of the word "encyclopedia". Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The Ancient Greek language is the historical stage in the development of the Hellenic language family spanning the Archaic (c An encyclopedia (or '''encyclopædia''') is a comprehensive written Compendium that contains Information on either all branches of Knowledge

The Roman Catholic Church generally only uses this term for papal encyclicals, but the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Anglican Communion retain the older usage. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world See also Anglicanism The Anglican Communion is an international association of national Anglican churches

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Roman Catholic usage

For the modern Roman Catholic Church a Papal encyclical, in the strictest sense, is a letter sent by the Pope which is explicitly addressed to Roman Catholic bishops of a particular area or to the world, usually treating some aspect of Catholic doctrine. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and However, the form of the address can vary widely, and often designates a wider audience. Papal encyclicals usually take the form of a Papal brief due to their more personal nature as opposed to the formal Papal bull. The Papal Brief is a formal document emanating from the Pope, in a somewhat simpler and more modern form than a Papal Bull. A Papal bull is a particular type of Letters patent or charter issued by a Pope. Papal encyclicals are so famous that the term encyclical for Roman Catholics is used almost exclusively for those sent out by the Pope. The title of the encyclical is usually taken from its first few words.

Within Catholicism in recent times, an encyclical is generally used for significant issues, and is second in importance only to the highest ranking document now issued by popes, an Apostolic Constitution. As a Christian Ecclesiastical term Catholic —from the Greek adjective, meaning "general" or "universal"—is described However, the designation 'encyclical' does not always denote such a degree of significance. The archives at the Vatican website currently classify some encyclicals as "Apostolic Exhortations". This informal term generally indicates documents with a broader audience than the bishops alone.

Pope Pius XII held that Papal Encyclicals, even when they are not ex cathedra, can nonetheless be sufficiently authoritative to end theological debate on a particular question:

“ It is not to be thought that what is set down in Encyclical letters does not demand assent in itself, because in this the popes do not exercise the supreme power of their magisterium. Pope Papal infallibility is the Dogma in Catholic theology that by action of the Holy Spirit, the Pope is preserved from even the possibility of For these matters are taught by the ordinary magisterium, regarding which the following is pertinent: “He who heareth you, heareth Me. ” (Luke 10:16); and usually what is set forth and inculcated in Encyclical Letters, already pertains to Catholic doctrine. But if the Supreme Pontiffs in their acts, after due consideration, express an opinion on a hitherto controversial matter, it is clear to all that this matter, according to the mind and will of the same Pontiffs, cannot any longer be considered a question of free discussion among theologians.
—Humani Generis
 ”

Papal use of encyclicals

Encyclicals indicate high Papal priority for a issue at a given time. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and Pontiffs define when, and under which circumstances encyclicals should be issued. They may choose to issue an apostolic constitution, bull, encyclical, apostolic letter or give a papal speech. Ecclesiastical letters are publications or announcements of the organs of Roman Catholic ecclesiastical authority e Speech refers to the processes associated with the production and perception of Sounds used in Spoken language. Pontiffs differ on the use of encyclicals: On the issue of birth control and contraception, Pope Pius XI issued the encyclical Casti Connubii, while Pope Pius XII spoke to midwives and the medical profession, when he clarified his position on the issue. Birth control, sometimes synonymous with contraception, is a regimen of one or more actions devices or Medications followed in order to deliberately prevent Birth control, sometimes synonymous with contraception, is a regimen of one or more actions devices or Medications followed in order to deliberately prevent Pope Pius XI ( Latin: Pius PP XI; Italian: Pio XI; May 31 1857 &ndash February 10 1939) born Casti Connubii was a Papal encyclical promulgated by Pope Pius XI on December 31, 1930. Pope Midwifery is a Health care profession where providers give Prenatal care to expecting Mothers attend the birth of the Infant Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the [1] Pope Paul VI published an encyclical Humanae Vitae on the same topic. Pope Humanae Vitae ( Latin "Of Human Life" is an Encyclical written by Pope Paul VI and promulgated on July 25, 1968 On matters of war and peace, Pope Pius XII issued ten encyclicals, most of them after 1945, three of them Datis Nuperrime, Sertum Laetitiae, Luctuosissimi Eventus protesting the Soviet invasion and crackdown of the Hungarian revolution in 1956. War is an international relations Dispute, characterized by organized Violence between National Military units Peace, in the modern usage is a concept defined by the ideal state of relationship as absence of hostility at the international level that of a War. Datis Nuperrime ( 1956) is an Papal encyclical of Pope Pius XII concerning the Soviet invasion of Hungary to suppress the Hungarian revolution of 1956 Sertum laetitiae (November 1 1939 was an Encyclical from Pope Pius XII to the Catholic Church of the United States of America in memory of the 150th anniversary Luctuosissimi Eventus, issued October 28 1956, is an Encyclical of Pope Pius XII urging public prayers for Peace and Freedom A soviet (сове́т, "council" originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia. Pope Paul VI spoke about the war in Vietnam and Pope John Paul II, issued his protest against the war in Iraq in speeches. Pope Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially Pope For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. On social issues, Pope Leo XIII promulgated Rerum Novarum, followed by Quadragesimo Anno of Pius XI, and Centesimus Annus by John Paul II. Pope Leo XIII ( March 2, 1810 – July 20, 1903) born Count Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci, was the 256th Pope Rerum Novarum (Translation Of New Things) is an Encyclical issued by Pope Leo XIII on May 16 1891. Quadragesimo Anno is an Encyclical by Pope Pius XI, issued 15 May 1931, 40 years after Rerum Novarum (thus the Centesimus Annus (which is Latin for "hundredth year" was an Encyclical written by Pope John Paul II in 1991 on the hundredth anniversary of Pope Pius XII spoke on the same topic to a consistory of cardinals in his Christmas messages and to numerous academic and professional associations. Antiquity Originally the Latin word consistorium meant simply 'sitting together' just as the Greek syn(hedrion (of which the Biblical Sanhedrin [2]

Anglican usage

Amongst Anglicans the term encyclical was revived in the late 19th century. It is applied to circular letters issued by the English primates.

Important papal encyclicals

* Pope Saint Peter (30-67)

*Pope Eugene IV (1431-1447)

*Pope Saint Pius V 7 January 1566 to 1 May 1572

*Pope Benedict XIV (1740-1758)

*Pope Blessed Pius IX (1846-1878)

*Pope Leo XIII (1878-1903)

* Pope Saint Pius X (1903-1914)

*Pope Benedict XV (1914-1922)

*Pope Pius XI (1922-1939)

*Pope Pius XII (1939-1958)

*Pope Blessed John XXIII (1958-1963)

*Pope Paul VI (1963-1978)

*Pope John Paul II (1978-2005)

*Pope Benedict XVI (2005 to present)

Important Eastern Orthodox encyclicals

Important Anglican encyclicals

External links

Source

Quotes

  1. ^ Acta Apostolicae Sedis, (AAS) 1951, 835, AAS 1958, 90, AAS 1941, 40, AAS 1952, 258
  2. ^ Allocution to the Cardinals AAS 1946, 141, and, AAS 1952, 5, AAS 1955, 15; and, for example in his Christmas Message 1954, AAS, medical doctors on the use of modern weopons, AAS 1954, 587, farmers, AAS 1950, 251, fashion AAS 1957, 1011, human dignity, AAS 1951, 215, AAS 1957, 830

Dictionary

encyclical

-noun

  1. A papal letter delivered to Bishops in the Roman Catholic Church.
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