| Matilda | |
|---|---|
| Holy Roman Empress Lady of the English; Countess of Anjou (more...) |
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 |
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| Reign Empress consort |
April – November 1141 7 January 1114 – 23 May 1125 |
| Predecessor | Stephen |
| Successor | Stephen |
| Consort to Consort |
Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor m. The precise style of British Sovereigns has varied over the years Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Stephen often referred to in history as Stephen of Blois (c 1096 &ndash 25 October, 1154) was the last Norman King of England Stephen often referred to in history as Stephen of Blois (c 1096 &ndash 25 October, 1154) was the last Norman King of England Henry V ( 8 November 1086 &ndash 23 May 1125) was King of Germany (from 1098-1125) and Holy Roman Emperor 1114 dec. 1125 Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou m. 1128 dec. 1151 |
| Issue | |
| Henry II Geoffrey VI, Count of Anjou William, Count of Poitou |
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| Titles and styles | |
| Lady of the English Countess of Anjou Holy Roman Empress |
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| Royal house | House of Plantagenet Salian dynasty House of Normandy |
| Father | Henry I |
| Mother | Matilda of Scotland |
| Born | 7 February 1102 Winchester |
| Died | 10 September 1167 Rouen |
| Burial | Rouen |
Empress Matilda (sometimes Maud or Maude; later Countess of Anjou and Lady of the English; 7 February 1102 – 10 September 1167) was the daughter and dispossessed heir of Henry I of England. Geoffrey VI ( June 3, 1134, Rouen - July 27, 1158, Nantes) Count of Anjou, of Maine and Nantes William ( 22 July 1136 at Argentan Normandy - 30 July 1164 at Rouen Normandy was the youngest of the three sons of Geoffrey V Count Holy Roman Empress or Empress of the Holy Roman Empire is the title given to the consort of the Holy Roman Emperor. A royal house or royal dynasty is a familial designation or Family name of sorts used by Royalty. The House of Plantagenet (planˈtadʒɪnɪt also called the House of Anjou, or the First Angevin dynasty, was originally a noble See also Salian Franks, Salic law The Salian dynasty was a Dynasty in the High Middle Ages of four German Kings (1024-1125 The Normans were the people who gave their names to Normandy, a region in northern France. Henry I (c 1068/1069 – 1 December 1135) was the fourth son of William I the Conqueror, the first King of England after the Norman Matilda of Scotland (born Edith c 1080 – 1 May 1118) was the first wife and Queen consort of Henry I. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince Winchester or Winton ( archaic) is a historic city in southern England, with a population of around 40000 within a radius of its centre Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. Rouen (ʁwɑ̃ in French) is the historical capital city of Normandy, in northwestern France on the River Seine, and currently the capital Rouen (ʁwɑ̃ in French) is the historical capital city of Normandy, in northwestern France on the River Seine, and currently the capital Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. "Heir" and "Heiress" redirect here For the men and women fragrances endorsed by Paris Hilton see Heiress (fragrance. Henry I (c 1068/1069 – 1 December 1135) was the fourth son of William I the Conqueror, the first King of England after the Norman She was married to Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, and then to Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou, by whom she became the mother of Henry II of England. Henry V ( 8 November 1086 &ndash 23 May 1125) was King of Germany (from 1098-1125) and Holy Roman Emperor
Matilda was the first female ruler, although uncrowned and for a brief time, of the Kingdom of England. The Kingdom of England was a State (927-1707 located in Western Europe dating from the ninth or tenth century to the early eighteenth century when it was legally Her failure to secure that rule meant that her temporary and disputed period of reign in 1141 was extremely brief. She is often excluded from lists of English monarchs and even the official British monarchy website excludes her, listing Stephen of England as king from 1135-1154. Stephen often referred to in history as Stephen of Blois (c 1096 &ndash 25 October, 1154) was the last Norman King of England
As many of her contemporaries or near contemporaries were also called Matilda in Latin texts, she is sometimes called Maude to distinguish her. This is merely a modernised spelling of the Norman-French form of her name, Mahaut.
Contents |
Holy Roman Empress
Matilda was born on 7 February 1102[1] to Henry I of England and his wife Matilda of Scotland. Henry I (c 1068/1069 – 1 December 1135) was the fourth son of William I the Conqueror, the first King of England after the Norman Matilda of Scotland (born Edith c 1080 – 1 May 1118) was the first wife and Queen consort of Henry I. Her maternal grandparents were Malcolm III of Scotland and Saint Margaret of Scotland. Máel Coluim mac Donnchada ( Modern Gaelic: Maol Chaluim mac Dhonnchaidh) called in most Anglicised regnal lists Malcolm III, and in later centuries Saint Margaret (c 1045 – 16 November 1093 was the sister of Edgar Ætheling, the short-ruling and uncrowned Anglo-Saxon King of England. Margaret was a daughter of Edward the Exile and granddaughter of Edmund II of England. Edward the Exile (1016&ndashFebruary 1057 also called Edward Ætheling, son of King Edmund Ironside and of Ealdgyth gained the name of "Exile" Edmund Ironside or Eadmund (c 988/993 – 30 November 1016 surnamed " Ironside " for his efforts to fend off the Danish invasion
Her birth is generally said to have taken place at Winchester, though recent research by the late John Fletcher (1990) suggests it may have occurred at the royal palace at Sutton Courtenay in Berkshire. Winchester or Winton ( archaic) is a historic city in southern England, with a population of around 40000 within a radius of its centre Sutton Courtenay is a Village and Civil parish, between Didcot and Abingdon, currently in the English county of Oxfordshire Berkshire (ˈbɑːkʃə or /ˈbɑːkʃɪə/ say Baak-shuh/-sheer sometimes abbreviated to Berks) is a Home County in the South
When she was seven years old, Matilda was betrothed to Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, and was sent to the Holy Roman Empire in 1111 to begin her training as his consort. Betrothal is a formal state of engagement to be married. Historically betrothal was a formal Contract, blessed or officiated by a religious authority Henry V ( 8 November 1086 &ndash 23 May 1125) was King of Germany (from 1098-1125) and Holy Roman Emperor The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in CONSORT is the name of the combined Integrated library system shared by the CONSORT Colleges. Matilda and Henry were married at Worms on January 7, 1114 in a splendid ceremony. Worms (voɐms is a City in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the Rhine River Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental In March 1116 Matilda and Henry visited Rome and Tuscany, and she acted as Regent in his absence. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Tuscany (Toscana is a region in Italy. It has an area of 22990 km² and a population of about 3 A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" is a person selected to act as Head of state (ruling or not because the ruler is a minor
When Henry died in 1125, he left Matilda a childless widow of twenty-three. The Imperial couple allegedly had no surviving offspring. Hermann of Tournai states that Maud bore a child that lived only a short while. Matilda's brother, William Adelin, had perished several years before in the wreck of the White Ship, leaving Matilda the only legitimate heir to the English throne. William (1103– 25 November 1120) surnamed Adelin (alternately rendered as Adelinus, Adelingus, Audelin or Ætheling The White Ship (or its real name la Blanche-Nef) a twelfth-century vessel sank in the English Channel near the Normandy coast off Barfleur The Kingdom of England was a State (927-1707 located in Western Europe dating from the ninth or tenth century to the early eighteenth century when it was legally
Despite being known most popularly by the title of "Empress" due to her first marriage, Matilda's right to the title was dubious. An emperor (from the Latin " Imperator " is a (male Monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an Empire or another type of She was never crowned Holy Roman Empress by a legitimate Pope (generally recognised as required to claim the title), only as German Queen by her husband's Bishops and formally her correct title was "Queen of the Romans". History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and Holy Roman Empress or Empress of the Holy Roman Empire is the title given to the consort of the Holy Roman Emperor. However, "Empress" was arguably an appropriate courtesy title for the wife of an Emperor who had been crowned by the Pope, and indeed, in later years she encouraged chroniclers to believe that the Pope had crowned her.
Second marriage to Geoffrey of Anjou
Matilda returned to England, where her father named her his heir with the agreement of the Anglo-Norman barons, who swore (in 1127) to accept her as ruler if Henry I had no son, and arranged another marriage for her. The Kingdom of England was a State (927-1707 located in Western Europe dating from the ninth or tenth century to the early eighteenth century when it was legally On June 17, 1128, she was married again, at Le Mans in Anjou, to Geoffrey of Anjou, who was eleven years her junior. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Le Mans (ləmɑ̃ in French) is a city in France, located on the Sarthe River. Anjou is a former County (c 880) Duchy ( 1360) and province centred on the city of Angers in the lower He was nicknamed "Plantagenet" from the broom flower (planta genista) which he took as his emblem, hence the name of the line of English kings descended from him. The House of Plantagenet (planˈtadʒɪnɪt also called the House of Anjou, or the First Angevin dynasty, was originally a noble Brooms are a group of Evergreen, semi-evergreen and Deciduous Shrubs in the subfamily Faboideae of the Legume family Fabaceae He was at this time Count of Maine and heir to his father Fulk V of Anjou. This is a list of counts and dukes of Maine, with their capital at Le Mans. Fulk V (1089/1092 &ndash November 13, 1143) also known as Fulk the Younger, was Count of Anjou from 1109 to 1129 and
The marriage was not a happy one, and Matilda separated from him and returned to her father. She returned to Geoffrey in 1131, and they were reconciled. They produced three sons, the eldest of whom, Henry, was born on March 5, 1133. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a The birth of her second son, Geoffrey, Count of Nantes, in 1134, was difficult and Matilda nearly died in childbirth. Geoffrey VI ( June 3, 1134, Rouen - July 27, 1158, Nantes) Count of Anjou, of Maine and Nantes Her third son, born in 1136, was William, Count of Poitou. William ( 22 July 1136 at Argentan Normandy - 30 July 1164 at Rouen Normandy was the youngest of the three sons of Geoffrey V Count Her father King Henry came to visit and took "great delight" in his grandsons. Henry I (c 1068/1069 – 1 December 1135) was the fourth son of William I the Conqueror, the first King of England after the Norman King Henry and Geoffrey quarreled, and so when her father died on December 1, 1135 in Normandy, Matilda was with Geoffrey in Anjou. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Normandy (Normandie Norman: Normaundie) is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. Anjou is a former County (c 880) Duchy ( 1360) and province centred on the city of Angers in the lower
Struggle for throne of England
| English Royalty |
|---|
| House of Plantagenet |
 Armorial of Plantagenet |
| Matilda |
| Henry II |
| Geoffrey, Count of Nantes |
| William, Count of Poitou |
On the death of her father, Henry I, in 1135, Matilda expected to succeed to the throne of England, but her cousin, Stephen of Blois, a nephew of Henry I, usurped the throne with the support of most of the barons, breaking the oath he had previously made to defend her rights. TalkCommonewalth realm.--> The monarchy The House of Plantagenet (planˈtadʒɪnɪt also called the House of Anjou, or the First Angevin dynasty, was originally a noble Family chief Heirs cadets House of Lancaster House of York William ( 22 July 1136 at Argentan Normandy - 30 July 1164 at Rouen Normandy was the youngest of the three sons of Geoffrey V Count The Kingdom of England was a State (927-1707 located in Western Europe dating from the ninth or tenth century to the early eighteenth century when it was legally Stephen often referred to in history as Stephen of Blois (c 1096 &ndash 25 October, 1154) was the last Norman King of England An immediate reason for this was that Stephen was in England, whilst Matilda was in Anjou. The civil war which followed was bitter and prolonged, with neither side gaining the ascendancy for long, but it was not until 1139 that Matilda could command the military strength necessary to challenge Stephen within his own realm, including battles at Beverston Castle and other sites. The Anarchy or The Nineteen Year Winter refers to a period of English history during the reign ( 1135 &ndash 1154) of the Norman King Beverston Castle, also known as Beverstone Castle, was originally constructed as a Medieval stone Fortress and is situated in the village of Beverston Stephen's wife, the Countess of Boulogne who was also named Matilda, was the Empress's maternal cousin. Matilda I or Maud (1105? &ndash 3 May, 1152) was Suo jure Countess of Boulogne. During the war, Matilda's most loyal and capable supporter was her illegitimate half-brother, Robert of Gloucester. Robert 1st Earl of Gloucester (c 1090 &ndash October 31, 1147) was an Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, and one
Matilda's greatest triumph came in April 1141, when her forces defeated and captured King Stephen at the Battle of Lincoln (1141). Battle of Lincoln or First Battle of Lincoln occurred on 2 February 1141. He was made a prisoner and effectively deposed. Although she now controlled the kingdom, Matilda never styled herself Queen but took the title "Lady of the English", possibly modeled on the Anglo-Saxon practice of naming female rulers "Lady of the. . . " such as King Alfred the Great's daughter Ethelfleda, Lady of the Mercians. Also the term Queen in Anglo-Saxon (cwen) had the connotation of wife, not a female ruler, so the distinction was necessary.
Her advantage lasted only a few months. When she marched on London, the city was ready to welcome her and support a coronation. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. However, she refused the citizens' request to have their taxes halved. On 24 June 1141, she found the gates of London shut and the civil war reignited. By November, Stephen was free, having been exchanged for the captured Robert of Gloucester, Matilda's half-brother, and a year later, the tables were turned when Matilda was besieged at Oxford but escaped to Wallingford, supposedly by fleeing across the snow-covered land in a white cape. Oxford is currently bidding for the 2010 Wikimania Conference Oxford () is a city, and the County town of Oxfordshire, Wallingford is a small Market town and Civil parish in the upper Thames Valley in Oxfordshire, England. In 1141 she had escaped Devizes in a similarly clever manner, by disguising herself as a corpse and being carried out for burial. Devizes is a small Market town and Civil parish in the heart of the English county of Wiltshire, in the southern United Kingdom In 1148, Matilda was finally forced to return to France, following the death of Robert of Gloucester. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Robert 1st Earl of Gloucester (c 1090 &ndash October 31, 1147) was an Illegitimate son of King Henry I of England, and one
Later life
All hope was not lost. Matilda's son, (Henry), was showing signs of becoming a successful leader. Although the civil war had been decided in Stephen's favour, his reign was troubled. In 1153, the death of his son Eustace, combined with the arrival of a military expedition led by Henry, led him to acknowledge the latter as his heir by the Treaty of Wallingford. The Treaty of Wallingford of 1153, aka Treaty of Winchester or as the Treaty of Westminster, was an agreement that effectively ended The Anarchy
Matilda retired to Rouen in Normandy during her last years, where she maintained her own court and presided over the government of the duchy in the absence of Henry. Rouen (ʁwɑ̃ in French) is the historical capital city of Normandy, in northwestern France on the River Seine, and currently the capital Normandy (Normandie Norman: Normaundie) is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. A duchy is a territory fief, or domain ruled by a Duke or Duchess. She intervened in the quarrels between her eldest son Henry and her second son Geoffrey, but peace between the brothers was brief. Geoffrey rebelled against Henry twice before his sudden death in 1158. Relations between Henry and his youngest brother, William, were more cordial, and William was given vast estates in England. William ( 22 July 1136 at Argentan Normandy - 30 July 1164 at Rouen Normandy was the youngest of the three sons of Geoffrey V Count Archbishop Thomas Becket refused to allow William to marry the Countess of Surrey and the young man fled to Matilda's court at Rouen. In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated Bishop. In the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion and others this means that they lead St Thomas Becket (c 1118 &ndash December 29, 1170) was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 to 1170 William, who was his mother's favourite child, died there in January 1164, reportedly of disappointment and sorrow. She attempted to mediate in the quarrel between her son Henry and Becket, but was unsuccessful.
Despite her tenure as "Lady of the English", Matilda was never loved by the people of her native land, who found her too foreign and haughty. The citizens of London were particularly aggrieved by her financial demands. She spoke three languages: French, German, and Latin. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Although she gave up hope of being crowned Queen in 1141, her name always preceded that of her son Henry, even after he became king. Matilda died at in Notre Dame de Prés near Rouen and was buried in the Abbey church of Bec-Hellouin. Her body was transferred to the Cathedral of Rouen in 1847; her epitaph reads: "Great by Birth, Greater by Marriage, Greatest in her Offspring: Here lies Matilda, the daughter, wife, and mother of Henry. An epitaph (in Greek, &mdash literally " on the gravestone " is a short text honoring a deceased person strictly speaking that inscribed on "
Historical fiction
The civil war between supporters of Stephen and the supporters of Matilda has proven popular as a subject in historical fiction. Novels dealing with it include:
- Graham Shelby, The Villains of the Piece, (1972) (published in the US as The Oath and the Sword);
- The Brother Cadfael series by Ellis Peters, and the TV series made from them starring Sir Derek Jacobi as that rare Benedictine;
- Jean Plaidy, Passionate Enemies, the third book of her Norman Trilogy;
- Sharon Penman, When Christ and His Saints Slept tells the story of the civil war;
- Haley Elizabeth Garwood, 'The Forgotten Queen' (1997, IBSN 0-9659721-9-4);
- Ken Follett, The Pillars of the Earth;
- Ellen Jones, The Fatal Crown(highly inaccurately, in romance novel-style). Graham Shelby (born 1939 is a British Historical novelist He worked as a copywriter and book-reviewer before embarking on a series of historical novels mainly set Cadfael (ˈkædvaɪl approximately "CAD-vile" is the fictional detective in a series of murder mysteries by the late Edith Pargeter writing Edith Mary Pargeter, BEM ( September 28, 1913 in Horsehay, Shropshire, England &ndash October 14, 1995 Sir Derek George Jacobi CBE (ˈdʒækəbi born 22 October, 1938) is an English Actor and Film director, knighted Benedictine refers to the Spirituality and Consecrated life in accordance with the Rule of St Benedict, written by Benedict of Nursia in Eleanor Alice Burford ( September 01, 1906 in Kensington, London, England – January 18, 1993 at sea somewhere Sharon Kay Penman (b August 13, 1945 in New York) is an American Historical novelist of Anglo-Irish ancestry Ken Follett (born June 5, 1949) is a British Author of thrillers and historical novels The Pillars of the Earth is a Historical novel by Ken Follett published in 1989 about the building of a Cathedral in Kingsbridge A romance novel is a literary Genre developed in Western culture, mainly in English-speaking countries
Indeed, some romance-type historical novels go so far as to posit a love-affair between Matilda and Stephen. The Janna Mysteries- Felicity Pullman Set during the civil war between Stephen and Matilda
Matilda has been played on screen by Martita Hunt in the film adaptation of Jean Anouilh's play Becket (1964) and by Brenda Bruce in the BBC TV series The Devil's Crown (1978). Martita Hunt (30 January 1900 – 13 June 1969 was a British Theatre and Film actress. Jean Marie Lucien Pierre Anouilh (ʒɑ̃ anwi June 23, 1910 &ndash October 3, 1987) was a French Dramatist. Becket is a 1964 Film adaptation of the play Becket or the Honour of God by Jean Anouilh made by Hal Wallis Productions Brenda Bruce ( 7 July 1918, Manchester – 19 February 1996, London) was a British actress of film stage and The Devil's Crown was a BBC Television series which dramatised the reigns of three Medieval Kings of England: Henry II
Ancestors
| Empress Matilda | Father: Henry I of England |
Paternal Grandfather: William I of England |
Paternal Great-grandfather: Robert the Magnificent |
| Paternal Great-grandmother: Herleva |
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| Paternal Grandmother: Matilda of Flanders |
Paternal Great-grandfather: Baldwin V, Count of Flanders |
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| Paternal Great-grandmother: Adela of France, Countess of Flanders |
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| Mother: Matilda of Scotland |
Maternal Grandfather: Malcolm III of Scotland |
Maternal Great-grandfather: Duncan I of Scotland |
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| Maternal Great-grandmother: Suthen? |
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| Maternal Grandmother: Saint Margaret of Scotland |
Maternal Great-grandfather: Edward the Exile |
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| Maternal Great-grandmother: Agatha |
Sources
- Gervase of Canterbury
- Robert of Torigny
- Roger of Hoveden
- Gesta Stephani
- Walter Map
- Bradbury, J. Henry I (c 1068/1069 – 1 December 1135) was the fourth son of William I the Conqueror, the first King of England after the Norman William I of England ( 1027 His reign which brought Norman culture to England had an enormous impact on the subsequent course of England in the Middle Ages Robert the Magnificent ( June 22, 1000 – 3 July 1035) also called Robert the Devil or Robert I, was the Duke of Herleva (c 1003 - c 1050 also known as Arlette, Arletta, and Herlève, was the mother of William I of England. Matilda of Flanders (c 1031 – 2 November 1083 was Queen consort of the Kingdom of England and the wife of William I the Conqueror. Baldwin V of Flanders (died 1 September 1067 was Count of Flanders from 1036 until his death Adela Capet, Adèle of France or Adela of Flanders, known also as Adela the Holy or Adela of Messines; (1009 – 8 January, 1079 Matilda of Scotland (born Edith c 1080 – 1 May 1118) was the first wife and Queen consort of Henry I. Máel Coluim mac Donnchada ( Modern Gaelic: Maol Chaluim mac Dhonnchaidh) called in most Anglicised regnal lists Malcolm III, and in later centuries Donnchad mac Crínáin ( Modern Gaelic: Donnchadh mac Crìonain) anglicised as Duncan I, and nicknamed An t-Ilgarach, "the Diseased" Saint Margaret (c 1045 – 16 November 1093 was the sister of Edgar Ætheling, the short-ruling and uncrowned Anglo-Saxon King of England. Edward the Exile (1016&ndashFebruary 1057 also called Edward Ætheling, son of King Edmund Ironside and of Ealdgyth gained the name of "Exile" Agatha was the wife of Edward the Exile (heir to the throne of England) and mother of Edgar Ætheling, Saint Margaret of Scotland and Cristina Gervase of Canterbury ( Gervasus Dorobornensis) (c 1141 &ndash c Robert of Torigni was a Norman monk and chronicler He was born at Torigni-sur-Vire in central Normandy, at an unknown date Roger of Hoveden, or Howden (fl 1174 - 1201 was a 12th century English chronicler. Deeds of King Stephen or Acts of Stephen or Gesta Stephani is a 12th century English history by an anonymous Walter Map (born 1140 died c 1208&ndash1210 was a medieval writer using Latin (1996) Stephen and Matilda: the Civil War of 1139-1153, Sutton Publishing, ISBN 0-7509-0612-X
- Chibnall,Marjorie (1991) The Empress Matilda:Queen Consort, Queen Mother, and Lady of the English
- Fletcher, John (1990) Sutton Courtenay: The History of a Thameside Village
- Pain, Nesta (1978) Empress Matilda: Uncrowned Queen of England
- Parsons, John Carmi. Medieval Mothering (New Middle Ages), sub. Marjorie Chibnall, "Empress Matilda and Her Sons"
- Gardener J and Wenborn W the History Today Companion to British History
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Empress Matilda
Born: February 1102 Died: 10 September 1167 |
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| German royalty | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Constanze of Sicily |
German Queen 1114–1125 |
Succeeded by Richenza of Northeim |
| Preceded by Eupraxia of Kiev |
Empress of the Holy Roman Empire 1114–1125 |
|
| English royalty | ||
| Preceded by William Adelin |
Heir to the English Throne as heiress presumptive 22 November 1120 (acknowledged 1127) - 1 December 1135 |
Succeeded by Eustace IV of Boulogne |
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