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Emperor Meiji
122nd Emperor of Japan
Reign 3 February 1867 – 30 July 1912
Coronation 3 February 1867
Born November 3, 1852 (1852-11-03)
Died July 30, 1912 (aged 59)
Predecessor Emperor Kōmei
Successor Emperor Taishō
Consort Empress Shōken
Issue Crown Prince Yoshihito
Princess Masako
Princess Fusako
Princess Nobuko
Princess Toshiko
Royal House Imperial House of Japan
Father Emperor Kōmei
Mother Nakayama Yoshiko

The Meiji Emperor (明治天皇 Meiji-tennō?) (November 3, 1852 — July 30, 1912) was the 122nd emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession, reigning from February 3, 1867 until his death. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Year 1852 ( MDCCCLII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting ( July 22, 1831 - January 30, 1867) was the 121st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession The (31 August 1879 – 25 December 1926 was the 123rd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession reigning from 30 July 1912 until his death ( 9 May 1849 - 9 April 1914) was empress consort of Japan as the wife of Emperor Meiji. The (31 August 1879 – 25 December 1926 was the 123rd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession reigning from 30 July 1912 until his death The Imperial House of Japan (also referred to as the Imperial Family or kōshitsu, 皇室 comprises those members of the extended family of the reigning Emperor of ( July 22, 1831 - January 30, 1867) was the 121st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession was a Japanese Lady-in-waiting in the court of the Imperial House of Japan. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Year 1852 ( MDCCCLII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting The of Japan is the country's Monarch. He is the head of the Japanese Imperial Family. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting

Like all his predecessors, since his death he has been referred to by a posthumous name. A posthumous name is an honorary name given to royalty nobles and sometimes others in some cultures after the person's death Upon his death a new tradition of giving the late emperor the name of the era coinciding with his reign was established. The Japanese era calendar scheme is a common Calendar scheme used in Japan, which identifies a year by the combination of the and the year number within the era Having ruled during the Meiji era (Enlightened rule), he is now known as Emperor Meiji. The, or Meiji era, denotes the 45-year reign of the Meiji Emperor, running in the Gregorian calendar, from 23 October 1868 to 30 July As this is not a personal name, more accurately he should be referred to as "the Meiji emperor".

His personal name was Mutsuhito (睦仁?), and although outside of Japan he is sometimes called by this name or Emperor Mutsuhito, in Japan emperors are referred to only by their posthumous names. Use of an emperor's personal name would be considered too familiar, or even derogatory.

At the time of his birth in 1852, Japan was an isolated, pre-industrial, feudal country dominated by the Tokugawa Shogunate and the daimyo, who ruled over the country's more than 250 decentralized domains. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Pre-industrial society refers to specific social attributes and forms of political and cultural organization that were prevalent before the advent of the Industrial Revolution Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the, and the, was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the Shoguns of The ( were powerful territorial lords who ruled most of Japan from their vast hereditary land holdings The, or domains, were the Fiefs of Feudal Lords of Japan that were created by Toyotomi Hideyoshi and existed until their By the time of his death in 1912, Japan had undergone a political, social, and industrial revolution at home (See Meiji Restoration) and emerged as one of the great powers on the world stage. The, also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution, or Renewal, was a chain of events that led to enormous changes in Japan 's political and social structure A great power is a Nation or State that has the ability to exert its influence on a global scale

A detailed account of the State Funeral in the New York Times concluded with an observation: "The contrast between that which preceded the funeral car and that which followed it was striking indeed. Before it went old Japan; after it came new Japan. "[1]

Contents

Events of the Meiji emperor's life

The young Meiji emperor, 1872. Albumen silver print by Uchida Kuichi.
The young Meiji emperor, 1872. Albumen silver print by Uchida Kuichi. Uchida Kuichi (内田 九一 Uchida Kuichi) (1844 - 1875 was a pioneering Japanese Photographer from Nagasaki.

The Meiji emperor was the surviving son of Emperor Kōmei by the lady-in-waiting Nakayama Yoshiko(中山慶子, 1834–1907),[2] the daughter of Lord Nakayama Tadayasu, sometime minister of the left (sadaijin) and a scion of the Fujiwara. ( July 22, 1831 - January 30, 1867) was the 121st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession A lady-in-waiting (also called waiting maid) is a female personal assistant at a Noble court, attending to a queen, a Princess or other was a Japanese Lady-in-waiting in the court of the Imperial House of Japan. The Fujiwara clan (藤原氏 Fujiwara-shi) descending from the Nakatomi clan, was a powerful family of Regents in Japan that monopolized the regent positions He was born eight months before the arrival of Commodore Matthew Calbraith Perry and the United States squadron of "Black Ships" in Edo Bay and two years before the first of the unequal treaties which the Tokugawa shogunate signed with Perry. Matthew Calbraith Perry ( April 10, 1794 &ndash March 4, 1858) was the Commodore of the U The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A squadron is a small unit or formation of Cavalry, armour, Aircraft (including Balloons) or Warships Army The Black Ships (in Japanese, 黒船 kurofune) was the name given to Western vessels arriving in Japan between the 15th and 19th centuries literally bay - Door, " Estuary " edo once also spelled Yedo or Yeddo, is the is a bay in the southern Kantō region of Japan. Its old name was. Originally titled Sachi no miya (Prince Sachi), the future emperor spent most of his childhood at the Nakayama household in Kyoto, as it was customary to entrust the upbringing of imperial children to prominent court members. (IPA /kʲoːto / is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan.

He was formally adopted by Asako Nyōgō (later Empress Dowager Eishō), the principal consort of Emperor Kōmei, on 11 July 1860. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting He also received the personal name Mutsuhito, the rank of Shinnō (Imperial Prince, and thus a potential successor to the throne) and the title of Kōtaishi (Crown Prince) on the same day. Crown Princess redirects here for the ship see Crown Princess (ship. Crown Prince Mutsuhito acceded to the throne on 3 February 1867 at the age of fourteen. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting In the ninth month of the following year, the era was changed to Meiji, or “enlightened rule”, which was later used for the emperor's posthumous name. The Japanese era calendar scheme is a common Calendar scheme used in Japan, which identifies a year by the combination of the and the year number within the era This marked the beginning of the custom of an era coinciding with an emperor's reign, and posthumously naming the emperor after the era during which he ruled.

On 2 September 1867, the Meiji emperor married Masako (later renamed Haruko) (28 May 1849–19 April 1914), the third daughter of Lord Ichijō Tadaka, sometime minister of the left (sadaijin). Events 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting ( 9 May 1849 - 9 April 1914) was empress consort of Japan as the wife of Emperor Meiji. Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Year 1849 ( MDCCCXLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Known posthumously as Empress Shōken, she was the first Imperial Consort to receive the title of kōgō (literally, the Emperor's wife, translated as Empress Consort), in several hundred years. ( 9 May 1849 - 9 April 1914) was empress consort of Japan as the wife of Emperor Meiji. Although she was the first Japanese Empress Consort to play a public role, she bore no children. However, the Meiji emperor had fifteen children by five official ladies-in-waiting. Only five of his children, a prince born to Lady Naruko (1855–1943), the daughter of Yanagiwara Mitsunaru, and four princesses born to Lady Sachiko (1867–1947), the eldest daughter of Count Sono Motosachi, lived to adulthood. A count is a Nobleman in European countries The word count comes from French comte, itself from Latin They were:

Meiji Restoration

Main article: Meiji Restoration
The 16-year old emperor, moving from Kyoto to Tokyo, end of 1868.
The 16-year old emperor, moving from Kyoto to Tokyo, end of 1868. The, also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution, or Renewal, was a chain of events that led to enormous changes in Japan 's political and social structure (IPA /kʲoːto / is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan. officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū.
The Meiji emperor receiving the Order of the Garter from Prince Arthur of Connaught in 1906, as a consequence of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance.
The Meiji emperor receiving the Order of the Garter from Prince Arthur of Connaught in 1906, as a consequence of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance. Prince Arthur of Connaught (Arthur Frederick Patrick Albert 13 January 1883 - 12 September 1938) was a member of the British Royal Family The first was signed in London at what is now the Lansdowne Club on January 30 1902, by Lord Lansdowne (British foreign secretary) and

The Meiji emperor was the symbolic leader of the Meiji Restoration, in which the Tokugawa shogunate was abolished by Imperial forces following the Boshin War. The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the, and the, was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the Shoguns of The was a Civil war in Japan, fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and those seeking to return political power to the The Charter Oath, a five-point statement of the nature of the new government, abolished feudalism and proclaimed a modern democratic government for Japan. The was promulgated at the enthronement of Emperor Meiji of Japan on 7 April 1868 Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed Although a parliament was formed, it had no real power, and neither did the emperor. The is Japan's Bicameral Legislature. It is composed of a Lower house, called the House of Representatives, and an Upper house, called Power had passed from the Tokugawa into the hands of those Daimyo and other samurai who had led the Restoration. Japan was thus controlled by the Genro, an oligarchy, which comprised the most powerful men of the military, political, and economic spheres. was an unofficial designation given to certain retired elder Japanese Statesmen, considered the "founding fathers" of modern Japan who served as informal extraconstitutional Oligarchy' ( Greek, Oligarkhía) is a Form of government where Political power effectively rests with a small elite segment The emperor, if nothing else, showed greater political longevity than his recent predecessors, as he was the first Japanese monarch to remain on the throne past the age of 50 since the abdication of Emperor Ōgimachi in 1586. Emperor Ōgimachi (正親町天皇 Ōgimachi-tennō) ( June 18, 1517 - February 6, 1593) was the 106th emperor

The Meiji Restoration is a source of pride for the Japanese, as it and the accompanying industrialization allowed Japan to become the preeminent power in the Pacific and a major player in the world within a generation. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions Generation (from the Greek γενεά) also known as procreation, is the act of producing Offspring. Yet, the Meiji emperor's role in the Restoration is debatable. He certainly did not control Japan, but how much influence he wielded is unknown. It is unlikely it will ever be clear whether he supported the Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895) or the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905). The First Sino-Japanese War ( 日清戦争 Romaji: Nisshin Sensō ( 1 August 1894 – 17 April 1895) was a war fought between The Russo-Japanese War (日露戦争 Romaji: Nichi-Ro Sensō Русско-японская война Russko-Yaponskaya Voyna;, 10 February 1904 – 5 September One of the few windows we have into the Emperor's own feelings is his poetry, which seems to indicate a pacifist streak, or at least a man who wished war could be avoided.

Near the end of his life several anarchists, including Kotoku Shusui, were executed on charges of having conspired to murder the sovereign. was a socialist and anarchist who played a leading role in introducing anarchism to Japan in the early 20th century particularly by translating the works of contemporary This conspiracy was known as the High Treason Incident. The, also known as the, was a Socialist - Anarchist plot to assassinate the Japanese Emperor Meiji in 1910 leading to a mass arrest of leftists and the execution

Timeline of Events during the Life and Reign of the Meiji Emperor

The Meiji era ushered in many far-reaching changes to the ancient feudal society of Japan. Presented here is a timeline of those major events:

Personal information

Emperor Meiji in popular culture

References

  1. ^ a b "The Funeral Ceremonies of Meiji Tenno" reprinted from the Japan Advertiser [Article 8--No Title,] New York Times. October 13, 1912.
  2. ^ "Mikado's Mother Dead?; Announcement of Her Illness Believed to Mean That in Tokio," New York Times. October 5, 1907.

External links

Emperor Meiji
Born: November 3 1852 Died: July 30 1912
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Emperor Kōmei		 Emperor of Japan
February 3, 1867 – July 30, 1912		 Succeeded by
Emperor Taishō
The Imperial House of Japan (also referred to as the Imperial Family or kōshitsu, 皇室 comprises those members of the extended family of the reigning Emperor of ( July 22, 1831 - January 30, 1867) was the 121st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting The (31 August 1879 – 25 December 1926 was the 123rd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession reigning from 30 July 1912 until his death
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