- Higashiyama also refers to a ward of Kyoto City. is one of the eleven wards in the city of Kyoto, in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. (IPA /kʲoːto / is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan.
Emperor Higashiyama (東山天皇 Higashiyama-tennō) (October 21, 1675 - January 16, 1710) was the 113th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. Year 1710 ( MDCCX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year The of Japan is the country's Monarch. He is the head of the Japanese Imperial Family. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. [1] He ruled from May 6, 1687 to July 27, 1709. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. Year 1709 ( MDCCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year His personal name was Asahito (朝仁) and his pre-accession title was Go-no-miya (五宮)
Genealogy
Higasiyama was the fifth son of Emperor Reigen; and he himself had at least ten children. ( July 9, 1654 - September 24, 1732) was the 112th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession
- Empress: Princess Yukiko (幸子女王) (Empress Dowager Shōshū, 承秋門院), daughter of Arisugawa-no-miya Yukihito
- First daughter: Imperial Princess Akiko (秋子内親王)
- Lady-in-waiting: Kushige Yoshiko (櫛笥賀子) (Empress Dowager Shin-syuken, 新崇賢門院)
- First son: Ichi-no-miya (一宮)
- Second son: Ni-no-miya (二宮)
- Fourth son: Hisa-no-miya (寿宮)
- Second daughter: Tomi-no-miya (福宮)
- Fifth son: Imperial Prince Yasuhito (慶仁親王) (Emperor Nakamikado)
- Sixth son: Imperial Prince Kan'in-no-miya Naohito (閑院宮直仁親王) - First Kan'in-no-miya
- Lady-in-waiting: Reizei Tsuneko (冷泉経子) (Buddhist priestess)
- Third son: Prince Kōkan (公寛法親王) (Buddhist priest)
- Handmaid (?): Daughter of Takatsuji (Sugawara) Nagakazu (高辻(菅原)長量)
- Third daughter: Kōmyōjyō'in-no-miya (光明定院宮)
- Fourth daughter: Princess Syōsyuku (聖祝女王)
Events of Higashiyama's life
In 1687, he acceded to the throne after the abdication of Emperor Reigen. Emperor Nakamikado (中御門天皇 Nakamikado-tennō) (January 14 1702 - May 10 1737 was the 114th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional ( July 9, 1654 - September 24, 1732) was the 112th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession On the 16th day of the 11th month of that year, he revived the Daijōsai (大嘗祭), the first ceremonial offering of rice by a newly enthroned Emperor.
Initially, Emperor Reigen continued to rule in Higashiyama's name, which caused much friction with the Bakufu. ( July 9, 1654 - September 24, 1732) was the 112th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the, and the, was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the Shoguns of However, Higashiyama's gentle character helped to improve relations with the Bakufu, and imperial property was increased, and repairs were carried out on Imperial mausoleums.
- Jōkyō 3, on the 21st day of the 3rd month (1687): Emperor Reigen abdicates in favor of his son, who will become Emperor Higashiyama. was a after Tenna and before Genroku. This period spanned the years from 1684 through 1688. [1] After abdication, Reigen's new home will be called the Sentō-gosho (the palace for an ex-Emperor). [2]
- Jōkyō 4, on the 16th day of the 11th month (December 20, 1688): The esoteric Daijō-sai ceremony, having been in abeyane since the time of Emperor Go-Kashiwabara -- for nine reigns -- was revived because of the bakufu's insistence. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Emperor Go-Kashiwabara (後柏原天皇 Go-Kashiwabara-tennō) ( November 19, 1464 - May 19, 1526) was the 104th emperor [3] This Shinto ritual is performed only once by emperor in the period of the enthronement ceremonies. [4]
- Genroku gannen (1688): The Tokugawa shogunate revised the code of conduct for funerals (Fuku-kiju-ryō), which incorporated a code of conduct for mourning as well. was a after Jōkyō and before Hōei. This period spanned the years from 1688 through 1704 The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the, and the, was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the Shoguns of [5]
- Genroku 2 (September 16, 1689): German physician Engelbert Kaempfer arrives at Dejima for the first time. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health Engelbert Kaempfer ( September 16, 1651 &ndash November 2, 1716) was a German naturalist traveller and Physician. was a fan-shaped Artificial island in the bay of Nagasaki that was a Dutch Trading port during Japan 's self-imposed isolation ( Sakoku Bakufu policy in this era was designed to marginalize the influence of foreigners in Genroku Japan; and Kaempfer had to present himself as "Dutch" in dealings with the Japanese. Regardless of this minor subterfuge, an unintended and opposite consequence of sakoku was to enhance the value and significance of a very small number of thoughtful observers like Kaempfer, whose writings document what he learned or discovered first-hand. Sakoku ( Japanese: 鎖国 literally "country in chains" or "lock up of country" was the Foreign relations policy of Japan under which Kaempfer's published accounts and unpublished writings provided a unique and useful perspective for Orientalists and Japanologists in the 19th century; and his work continues to be rigorously examined by modern researchers today. Orientalism refers to the imitation or depiction of aspects of Eastern cultures in the West by writers designers and artists and can also refer to a sympathetic stance Japanese Studies (aka Japanology) is the study of Japan. Japanology and Japanese studies are terms generally used in Europe to describe the historical [6]
- Genroku 8, 8th month (1695): Minting begun of Genroku coinage. The shogunate placed the Japanese character gen (元) on the obverse of copper coins, the same character used today in China for the yuan. There is no connection between those uses, however. [1]
- Genroku 8, 11th month (1695): First kennel is established for stray dogs in Edo. literally bay - Door, " Estuary " edo once also spelled Yedo or Yeddo, is the In this context, Tokugawa Tsunayoshi comes to be nicknamed "the Dog Shogun" (いぬくぼう 犬公方, "Inu-kubō').
- Genroku 10 (1697): The fourth official map of Japan was made in this year, but it was considered to be inferior to the previous one -- which had been ordered in Shōhō 1 (1605 and completed in Kan'ei 16 (1639}. was a after Kan'ei and before Keian. This period spanned the years from 1644 through 1648. This Genroku map was corrected in Kyōhō 4 (1719) by the mathematician Tatebe Katahiro (1644-1739), using high mountain peaks as points of reference, and was drawn to a scale of 1:21,600. was a after Shōtoku and before Gembun. This period spanned the years from 1716 through 1736. Year 1719 ( MDCCXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a [7]
- Genroku 10 (1697): Great fire in Edo. [1] Five-storied Pagoda
- Genroku 11 (1697): Another great fire in Edo. A new hall is constructed inside the enclosure of the Edo temple of Kan'ei-ji (which is also known as Tōeizan Kan’ei-ji or "Hiei-san of the east" after the principal temple of the Tendai Buddhist sect -- that is to say, after the temple of Enryaku-ji at Mount Hiei near to Heian-kyo). is a Tendai Buddhist temple in Tokyo, Japan. It was founded in 1625 by Tenkai. is a Tendai Buddhist temple in Tokyo, Japan. It was founded in 1625 by Tenkai. History The Tiantai teaching was first brought to Japan by the Chinese monk Jianzhen (鑑眞 Jp Ganjin in the middle of the 8th century, but Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Not to be confused with Engaku-ji in Kamakura., a Monastery on Mount Hiei overlooking Kyoto, was founded is a mountain to the northeast of Kyoto city lying on the border between the Kyoto and Shiga prefectures Japan. [1]
- Genroku 16, on the 28th day of the 11th month (1703): The Great Genroku Earthquake shook Edo[8] and parts of the shogun's castle collapsed. Year 1703 ( MDCCIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year [9] The following day, a vast fire spread throughout the city[1]. Parts of Honshu's coast were battered by tsunami, and 200,000 people were either killed or injured. [9]
- Genroku 13, 1701: when the Akō Incident took place, due to the bloodshed by Matsuno Ōroku, Emperor Higashiyama came near to withdrawing the imperial will. was a after Jōkyō and before Hōei. This period spanned the years from 1688 through 1704
- Hōei 4, on the 14th day of the 10th month (1707): Great Hōei Earthquake. was a after Genroku and before Shōtoku. This period spanned the years from 1704 through 1711. Year 1707 ( MDCCVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The city of Osaka suffers tremendously because of a very violent earthquake. [10]
- Hōei 4, on the 22nd day of the 10th month (November 15, 1707): An eruption of Mt. Fuji; the cinders and ash fell like rain in Izu, Kai, Sagami, and Musashi. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Year 1707 ( MDCCVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a is the highest Mountain in Japan at.An Active volcano that last erupted in 1707–08 it straddles the boundary of Shizuoka and Izu (伊豆国 -no kuni was a province of Japan including the Izu Peninsula that is today part of Shizuoka prefecture and the Izu Islands was an old province of Japan. It occupied most of the area that is today Kanagawa prefecture, but present-day Yokohama and Kawasaki, now part of Kanagawa was a province of Japan, which today comprises Tokyo prefecture, most of Saitama Prefecture and part of Kanagawa Prefecture, mainly [11]
- Hōei 5 (1708): The shogunate introduces new copper coins into circulation; and each coin is marked with the Hōei nengō name {Hōei Tsubo). Year 1708 ( MDCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a [11]
- Hōei 5, on the 8th day of the 3rd month (1708): There was a great fire in Heian-kyō. Year 1708 ( MDCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a [11]
- Hōei 5, 8th month (1708): Italian missionary Giovanni Sidotti landed in Yakushima, where he was promptly is arrested. Year 1708 ( MDCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest A missionary is a member of a Religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith someone who proselytizes. Giovanni Battista Sidotti (1668-1714 was an Italian Jesuit priest is an island of about 500 km² and roughly 15000 islanders to the south of Kyūshū in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.
- Hōei 6, on the 10th day of the 1st month (1709): The wife of Shogun Tsunayoshi killed him with a knife, and then she stabbed herself in the heart. Year 1709 ( MDCCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Tsunayoshi's homosexual interests were aroused by the son of the daimyo of Kai; and his plans to adopt this Tokugawa youth as his successor were known by a few inside Edo castle. also known as, is a flatland castle that was built in 1457 by Ōta Dōkan. The shogun's wife, who was also a daughter of the emperor, foresaw that this choice of a successor would be very poorly received by many; and she feared that it might result in a disastrous civil war. The shogun's wife did everything she could to dissuade Tsunayoshi from continuing with such potentially divisive and dangerous plans; and when it became clear that her persuasive arguments were in vain, she resolutely sacrificed herself for the good of the country -- she killed her husband and then killed herself. [11]
- Hōei 6, in the 4th month (1709): Minamoto no Ienobu, Tsunayoshi's nephew, becomes the 6th shogun of the Edo bakufu. Year 1709 ( MDCCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year ( June 11, 1662 - November 12, 1712) was the sixth Shogun of the Tokugawa dynasty of Japan. The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the, and the, was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the Shoguns of [11] and Emperor Nakamikado accedes to the throne. Emperor Nakamikado (中御門天皇 Nakamikado-tennō) (January 14 1702 - May 10 1737 was the 114th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional
- Hōei 6, on the 2nd day of the 7th month (1709): The Emperor abdicates,[11]
- Hōei 6, on the 17th day of the 12th month (1709): Higashiyama dies[11]
Kugyō
Kugyō (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras. Year 1709 ( MDCCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1709 ( MDCCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The of Japan is the country's Monarch. He is the head of the Japanese Imperial Family. The, or Meiji era, denotes the 45-year reign of the Meiji Emperor, running in the Gregorian calendar, from 23 October 1868 to 30 July Even during those years in which the court's actual influence outside the palace walls was minimal, the hierarchic organization persisted.
In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During Higashiyama's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:
Eras of Higashiyama's reign
The years of Higashiyama's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō. The was the Department of State in Nara and Heian period Japan and briefly under the Meiji Constitution. Sadaijin (左大臣 most commonly translated as "Minister of the Left" was a government position in Japan in the late Nara and Heian Udaijin (右大臣 most commonly translated as the "Minister of the Right" was a government position in Japan in the late Nara and The, usually translated as Inner Minister -- also known as the -- was a significant post in the Imperial court as re-organized under the ''Taihō'' Code. often translated as "Great Councillor" was a government post of the Japanese Ritsuryo governmental system which was in place for much of the classical and The Japanese era calendar scheme is a common Calendar scheme used in Japan, which identifies a year by the combination of the and the year number within the era The Japanese era calendar scheme is a common Calendar scheme used in Japan, which identifies a year by the combination of the and the year number within the era [1]
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g Titsingh, Isaac. was a after Tenna and before Genroku. This period spanned the years from 1684 through 1688. was a after Jōkyō and before Hōei. This period spanned the years from 1688 through 1704 was a after Genroku and before Shōtoku. This period spanned the years from 1704 through 1711. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 415.
- ^ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard. (1956). Kyoto: The Old Capital of Japan, 794-1869, p. 342.
- ^ Ponsonby-Fane, p. 318.
- ^ Bock, Felicia G. (1990). "The Great Feast of the Enthronement," Monumenta Nipponica, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 27-38.
- ^ Smith, Robert et al. (2004). Japanese Culture: Its Development And Characteristics, p. 28.
- ^ Screech, T. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779-1822, p. 73.
- ^ Traganeou, Jilly. (2004). The Tokaido Road: Traveling and Representation in Edo and Meiji Japan, p. 230.
- ^ Japanese Wikipedia: ja:元禄大地震
- ^ a b Hammer, Joshua. (2006). Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II, p. 63.
- ^ Titsingh, p. 415.
- ^ a b c d e f g Titsingh, p. 416.
References
- Hammer, Joshua. (2006). Yokohama Burning: The Deadly 1923 Earthquake and Fire that Helped Forge the Path to World War II. New York: Simon & Schuster. Simon & Schuster Inc, a division of CBS Corporation, is a Publisher founded in New York in 1924 by Richard L 10-ISBN 0-743-26465-7; 13-ISBN 978-0-743-26465-5 (cloth)
- Screech, Timon. Timon Screech is a Professor in the History of Art at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS University of London. (2006). Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779-1822. London: RoutledgeCurzon. Routledge is a publisher of non-fiction academic books and journals ISBN 0-700-71720-X
- Titsingh, Isaac. Isaac Titsingh ( 10 January 1745 in Amsterdam – 2 February 1812 in Paris) was a Dutch surgeon scholar merchant-trader (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652], Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon, tr. Hayashi Gahō (林鵞峰 (1618 &ndash 1688 also known as Hayashi Shunsai, was a Japanese Neo-Confucian scholar teacher and administrator in the system of is a 17th century chronicle of the serial reigns of Japanese emperors with brief notes about some of the noteworthy events or other happenings during each period par M. Isaac Titsingh avec l'aide de plusieurs interprètes attachés au comptoir hollandais de Nangasaki; ouvrage re. , complété et cor. sur l'original japonais-chinois, accompagné de notes et précédé d'un Aperçu d'histoire mythologique du Japon, par M. J. Klaproth. Julius Heinrich Klaproth (1783-1835 German Orientalist and traveller Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. The Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (RAS was according to its Royal Charter of August 11, 1824 ..Click link for copy of this book digitized from the collection of the University of Michigan (in French)
( July 9, 1654 - September 24, 1732) was the 112th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession Emperor Nakamikado (中御門天皇 Nakamikado-tennō) (January 14 1702 - May 10 1737 was the 114th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
network: | |