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Commune of Elne |
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| Location | |
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| Administration | |
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| Country | France |
| Region | Languedoc-Roussillon |
| Department | Pyrénées-Orientales |
| Arrondissement | Perpignan |
| Canton | Elne (chief town) |
| Mayor | Nicolas Garcia (2001-2008) |
| Statistics | |
| Elevation | 0 m–65 m (avg. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. France is divided into 26 regions or régions (in French of which 21 are in continental Metropolitan France, one is the island of Corsica, Languedoc-Roussillon ( Occitan: Lengadòc-Rosselhon; Catalan: Llenguadoc-Rosselló) is one of the 26 regions of France. In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division Pyrénées-Orientales (Eastern Pyrenees Pirineus Orientals Pirenèus Orientals is a department of southern France adjacent to the northern Spanish frontier The 100 French departments are divided into 342 arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts. The arrondissement of Perpignan is an arrondissement of France located in the Pyrénées-Orientales département ( Northern Catalonia The cantons of France are territorial subdivisions of the French Republic's 341 arrondissements and 100 departments. A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. 23 m) |
| Land area¹ | 21. 29 km² |
| Population² (1999) |
6,410 |
| - Density | 301/km² (1999) |
| Miscellaneous | |
| INSEE/Postal code | 66065/ 66200 |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0. As of January 1, 2008, 64473140 people live in the French Republic. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume The INSEE code is a numerical indexing code used by the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE to identify various entities including communes Postal codes were introduced in France in 1972, when La Poste introduced automated sorting. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. An estuary is a semi-enclosed Coastal body of Water with one or more Rivers or Streams flowing into it and with a free connection to the open | |
| 2 Population sans doubles comptes: residents of multiple communes (e.g. students and military personnel) only counted once. C D E | |
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Elne (French: Elne, pronounced [ɛln]; Catalan Elna [ˈɛlnə]) is a town and commune of southern France, in the former province of Roussillon, of which it was the first capital, being later replaced by Perpignan. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Catalan ˈkætəˌlæn ( català kətəˈla or) is a Romance language, the national and official language of Andorra, and a co-official The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Kingdom of France was organised into Provinces until March 4, 1790, when the establishment of the département Roussillon ( French: Roussillon, ʀusiˈjɔ̃ Catalan: Rosselló, pronounced; Spanish: Rosellón, pronounced) is Perpignan ( French: Perpignan, pɛʀpiɲɑ̃ Catalan Perpinyà,) is a commune and the Préfecture (administrative Its inhabitants are still called Illibériens in reference to the city's Iberian name, Illiberis, one that it shared with the Illiberis that became Elvira, Spain. The Iberian language was the language of a people identified by Greek and Roman sources who lived in the eastern and southeastern regions of the Iberian
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Geography
Elne is situated 4 km from the Mediterranean on the Tech River, in Pyrénées-Orientales, 12 km from Perpignan and 7 km from Argelès. The Tech is a River in southern France, very close to the French- Spanish border Pyrénées-Orientales (Eastern Pyrenees Pirineus Orientals Pirenèus Orientals is a department of southern France adjacent to the northern Spanish frontier Perpignan ( French: Perpignan, pɛʀpiɲɑ̃ Catalan Perpinyà,) is a commune and the Préfecture (administrative Argelès-sur-Mer ( Catalan: Argelers de la Marenda or simply Argelers) is a commune of the Pyrénées-Orientales department
The canton of Elne covers seven communes: Elne (chief town), Villeneuve-de-la-Raho, Bages, Corneilla-del-Vercol, Montescot, Théza, Ortaffa. Villeneuve-de-la-Raho is a town and commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales département, in southwestern France. Bages is a town and commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales département, in southwestern France. Corneilla-del-Vercol is a town and commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales département, in southwestern France. Montescot is a town and commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales département, in southwestern France. Théza is a town and commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales département, in southwestern France. Ortaffa is a town and commune in the Pyrénées-Orientales département, in southwestern France.
Demography
| 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5,744 | 5,892 | 6,017 | 6,177 | 6,262 | 6,410 |
History
Elne, from the heights of its fortified site, dominates the narrow plain of Rousillon between the Pyrenees and the Mediterranean. Demography is the statistical study of all Populations. It can be a very general science that can be applied to any kind of dynamic population that is one that changes over Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Roussillon ( French: Roussillon, ʀusiˈjɔ̃ Catalan: Rosselló, pronounced; Spanish: Rosellón, pronounced) is Numerous archeological researches have shown that the surrounding countryside has been occupied since Neolithic times. The Neolithic (from Greek νεολιθικός — neolithikos from νέος neos, "new" + λίθος lithos Elne was a Iberian oppidum or fortified town. Oppidum (plural oppida) is a Latin word meaning the main settlement in any administrative area of Ancient Rome. Elne is the oldest town in Roussillon and since it is situated on the way towards the Iberian peninsula, successive civilisations have left their traces. Roussillon ( French: Roussillon, ʀusiˈjɔ̃ Catalan: Rosselló, pronounced; Spanish: Rosellón, pronounced) is The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra The first mention of Illiberis occurs in the history of Livy (xxi. Titus Livius (traditionally 59 BC &ndash AD 17 known as Livy in English, was a Roman historian who wrote a monumental history of Rome 24) [1] : it was the Iberian city at which Hannibal pitched camp having crossed the Pyrenees in 218 BCE, where he negotiated with the assembled Gaulish chiefs his safe passage through their territories on the way to Italy. Hannibal (Pronounced in Phoenician: Hanniba'al means " Ba'al is my grace " or " Ba'al has given me grace " 247 BC &ndash In the first century CE, however, it was no more than "a modest vestige of a hitherto great city" (Pliny). Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus, born Gaius Caecilius or Gaius Caecilius Cilo (61/63 - ca
In the fourth century Illiberis became "Castrum Helenae" after Helen, the mother of Constantine, whence its modern name was derived by degrees. Saint Helena (Flavia Iulia Helena Augusta also known as Saint Helen, Helena Augusta or Helena of Constantinople (c Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (27 February ca. 272 &ndash 22 May 337 commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine Within its walls was assassinated Constans, the son of Constantine in 350 A. Flavius Julius Constans (320-350 was a Roman Emperor who ruled from 337 to 350 D. With the division of southern Gaul in 462, Elne became one of the "seven cities" of Septimania. Events By Place Eastern Roman Empire September 1 — Possible start of the first Byzantine Indiction cycle. Septimania was the western region of the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis that passed under the control of the Visigoths in 462 when Septimania was ceded to Its Catholic bishopric was established in the 6th century. The first known sishop of Elne, Dominus, was mentioned in 571 in the Chronicle of John of Biclarum. John of Biclaro, Biclar, or Biclarum ( circa 540 - after 621 also Iohannes Biclarensis, was a Visigoth chronicler, born Its bishop attended the Council of Toledo in 599. For the motorcycle see Honda 599 and for the car see Ferrari 599 GTB Fiorano. Numerous synods were held by the bishops of Elne: That of 1027 in Toulouges upheld the Peace and Truce of God, that no one should attack his enemy from Saturday at nine o'clock to Monday at one. Toulouges is a village of about 6000 inhabitants in the Pyrénées-Orientales Département of France. The Peace and Truce of God was a Medieval European movement of the Catholic Church that applied spiritual sanctions in order to limit the violence of Private war Further synods were held in 1058, 1114, 1335, 1337, 1338, 1339, 1340, and 1380 (CE).
When the Arabs crossed the Pyrenees in 719 Elne was one of the first towns to be attacked, and when the counts of Roussillon achieved independence, Perpignan became the capital of the county, with Elne remaining the Episcopal city. The Pyrenees (Pirineos French: Pyrénées; Catalan: Pirineus; Occitan: Pirenèus; Aragonese: Perinés Perpignan ( French: Perpignan, pɛʀpiɲɑ̃ Catalan Perpinyà,) is a commune and the Préfecture (administrative A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight
The present cathedral of Sainte-Eulalie-et-Sainte-Julie was begun its high altar was consecrated in 1069. Elne Cathedral ( Cathédrale Sainte-Eulalie-et-Sainte-Julie d'Elne) is a former Roman Catholic cathedral and a national monument of France, located in the Its Romanesque cloister was built in the 12th to 14th centuries. Regional characteristics of Romanesque architecture|Romanesque art Romanesque architecture is the term that is used to describe the architecture of Middle Ages Europe which In 1285, under the Aragonese domination, during the Aragonese Crusade instigated by Pope Martin IV, the town was plundered, the cathedral set fire and the people, who had taken refuge inside, massacred by the French troops of Philip III. The Aragonese Crusade or Crusade of Aragón, a part of the larger War of the Sicilian Vespers, was declared by Pope Martin IV against the King of Aragón Pope Martin IV (between 1210 and 1220 &ndash March 28, 1285) born Simon de Brion, held the Papacy from February 21, 1281 Philip the Bold Philip III ( 30 April 1245 &ndash 5 October 1285) called the Bold ( French: le Hardi) was
During the later Middle Ages, Elne was increasingly overshadowed by the growing prosperity of nearby Perpignan; the counts of Rousillon moved their seat from Elne to Perpignan, and after vicissitudes lasting two centuries the episcopal seat was finally transferred to Perpignan also, in 1601 by a Bull of Pope Clement VIII (CE). Perpignan ( French: Perpignan, pɛʀpiɲɑ̃ Catalan Perpinyà,) is a commune and the Préfecture (administrative Not to be confused with Antipope Clement VIII. Pope Clement VIII ( February 24, 1536 &ndash March 3, 1605
In 1472 the inhabitants of Elne revolted against French rule. The town, yet again besieged, was conquered and its captain, Bernat d'Oms, beheaded (1474). In 1493 Elne, along with all Roussillon, was returned to the Crown of Aragon. Roussillon ( French: Roussillon, ʀusiˈjɔ̃ Catalan: Rosselló, pronounced; Spanish: Rosellón, pronounced) is The Crown of Aragon was a permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon. In 1641 Elne suffered another siege by the French and after the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), became French. The Treaty of the Pyrenees was signed in 1659 to end the war between France and Spain that had begun in 1635 during the Thirty Years' War. The medieval ramparts were partly destroyed in 1680 on Louis XIV's orders. Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent
Since then Elne has become an agricultural town which, in spite of repeated destructions caused by its several invaders, remains a witness to its past glories, attracting some 70,000 visitors annually. Perpignan ( French: Perpignan, pɛʀpiɲɑ̃ Catalan Perpinyà,) is a commune and the Préfecture (administrative
In the twentieth century a sculptor and a painter have left their imprint : Aristide Maillol and Etienne Terrus, to whom a local museum is dedicated. Aristide Maillol ( December 8 1861 &ndash September 27 1944) was a French Catalan sculptor and painter Étienne Terrus, ( Elna, September 1857-Elna June 1922 was a Catalan Landscaper from Roussillon When he was 17 years old he went studying "Pomone" by Maillol serves as the WWII war memorial, and the studio of Terrus, where Henri Matisse and André Derain were received, saw the birth of the Fauve movement. Henri Matisse (31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954 was a French Artist, known for his use of Colour and his fluid brilliant and original draughtsmanship André Derain ( June 10, 1880 – September 8, 1954) was a French painter and co-founder of Fauvism with Henri Matisse
Currently the city is extending towards the north, in a carefully-planned urbanization— "Las Trillas"— extending over 40 hectares, which takes advantage of picturesque views of the cathedral. A pedestrian boulevard through the city, on the model of Barcelona's successful "Las Ramblas", is under way, as well as a new square, Place Jordi incorporating the ramparts of the upper city. Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia
External links
- Elne.fr Elne (official site); (in French)
- Elne, ville d'Arts (official site): (in French)
- Catholic Dictionary: "Diocese of Perpignan"
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