- For the street named for Eliezer Ben Yehuda in Jerusalem, Israel, see Ben Yehuda Street. Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Ben Yehuda Street (מדרחוב בן יהודה known as the Midrachov, is a lively Pedestrian mall in downtown Jerusalem, Israel.
| Eliezer Ben-Yehuda | |
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| Born | January 7, 1858 Luzhky, Belarus |
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| Died | December 16, 1922 (Age 64) Mandatory Jerusalem |
| Known for | Revival of spoken Hebrew |
Eliezer Ben‑Yehuda (Hebrew: אֱלִיעֶזֶר בֶּן־יְהוּדָה, 7 January 1858 – 16 December 1922) was a key figure in the revival of Hebrew as a spoken language. Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental Year 1858 ( MDCCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental Year 1858 ( MDCCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Language revitalization is the attempt by interested parties including individuals cultural or community groups governments or political authorities to recover the spoken use of a A human language is a Language primarily intended for communication among Humans The two major categories of human languages are Natural languages and He was born Eliezer Yitzhak Perlman, in Luzhky Belarus. Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east
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Early Years
Ben-Yehuda attended heder where studied Hebrew and Bible from the age of three, as was customary among the Jews of Eastern Europe. A Cheder (alternatively Cheider, in Hebrew חדר, meaning "room" is a traditional elementary school teaching the basics of Judaism By the age of twelve he had been studying in Hebrew for nine years and had read large portions of the Torah, Mishna, and Talmud. term " Torah " ( Hebrew: תּוֹרָה "teaching" or "instruction" sometimes translated as "Law" most commonly refers to The Mishnah or Mishna (he משנה "repetition" from the verb shanah he שנה or "to study and review" is a major work of Rabbinic Judaism The Talmud ( Hebrew: he תַּלְמוּד is a record of Rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history His parents hoped he would become a rabbi, and sent him to a yeshiva. Rabbi (pronunciation, although in English usually) in Judaism, means a religious ‘teacher’ or more literally ‘my great one’ when addressing any master Yeshiva or yeshivah (jəʃi'və ( Hebrew: ישיבה "sitting (n There, he continued to study ancient Hebrew and was also exposed to the Hebrew of the enlightenment, including secular writings. Haskalah ( Hebrew: השכלה "enlightenment" "education" from sekhel " Intellect " "mind") the Jewish Enlightenment Later, he learned French, German, and Russian, and was sent to Dünaburg for more education. Daugavpils (daugavpils) is the second largest City in Latvia. Reading the Hebrew language newspaper HaShahar, he became acquainted with Zionism and concluded that the revival of Hebrew language in the Land of Israel could unite all Jews worldwide. History of Zionism|Timeline of Zionism|World Zionist Organization|Zionist political violence Zionism is an international political movement that originally supported the For other uses see Israel (disambiguation The Land of Israel ( Hebrew: אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל Eretz Yisrael) is PLEASE TAKE NOTE************
Study in Paris
Upon graduation he went to Paris to study at the Sorbonne University. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The historic University of Paris (Université de Paris first appeared in the second half of the 13th century Among the subjects he studied there were history and politics of the Middle East, but the one that had the most lasting effect was Hebrew - specifically, his advanced Hebrew classes taught in Hebrew. The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. It was this use of Hebrew in a spoken form that convinced him fully that the revival of Hebrew as the language of a nation was practical. From Paris he went to Algiers, and there he had only Hebrew for a language in common with the Algerian Jews. Algiers (الجزائر Algerian Arabic: Dzayer ( (From kabyle pronunciation Kabyle: Ledzayer, Alger) is the Capital and largest Jews and Judaism have a rather long history in Algeria. However following the brutal conflict of the 1990s there – in particular the rebel Armed Islamic In Algiers he got much practice in using Hebrew in secular contexts for everyday communication.
While in Paris and later in Algiers, Ben‑Yehuda published several articles in the Hebrew language press. He tried to convince people of the practicality of Hebrew as a reborn spoken language and of how a Hebrew revival in Palestine would keep the Jewish youth from abandoning Judaism. Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut Despite a mixed response, he decided to go to Palestine and try to effect this revival.
Move to Jerusalem
| “ | Before Ben‑Yehuda. . . Jews could speak Hebrew; after him, they did. | ” |
-Cecil Roth, Was Hebrew Ever A Dead Language?
In 1881 Ben-Yehuda traveled to Palestine, then a province of the Ottoman Empire. Cecil Roth, ( London, 1899–1970 was a British Jewish Historian and educator Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Motivated by the surrounding ideals of renovation and rejection of the diaspora lifestyle, Ben‑Yehuda set out to develop a new language that could replace Yiddish and other regional dialects as a means of everyday communication between Jews who made aliyah from various regions of the world. The Jewish diaspora ( Hebrew: Tefutzah, "scattered" or Galut גלות "exile" Yiddish: tfutses) the presence Yiddish (yi [[wiktייִדיש ייִדיש]] yidish or yi [[wiktאידיש אידיש]] idish, literally "Jewish" is a nonterritorial High Aliyah ( refers to Jewish Immigration to the Land of Israel (and since its establishment in 1948 the State of Israel)
Ben‑Yehuda raised his son, Ben‑Zion Ben‑Yehuda (the first name meaning "son of Zion"), entirely through Hebrew. Itamar Ben-Avi ( 31 July 1882 –1943 (איתמר בן אב"י born Ben-Zion Ben-Yehuda (בן ציון בן יהודה was the son of He refused to let his son be exposed to other languages during childhood. It is said he once reprimanded his wife, after he caught her singing a Russian lullaby to the child. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages His son was the first native speaker of modern Hebrew; his autobiography, written under the pen name Itamar Ben‑Avi (איתמר בן אב“י "Itamar, son of Avi", Avi is an abbreviation created from the three first letters of the name Eliezer Ben Yehuda), is still widely read in Israel.
While at first many considered Ben‑Yehuda's work as fanciful, the need for a common language was soon understood by many. In 1884 he started publishing HaZvi, a Hebrew language newspaper which advocated Zionism. Year 1884 ( MDCCCLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year HaZvi (הצבי also Hatzevi) was a Hebrew language newspaper published in Jerusalem by Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, a leading pioneer History of Zionism|Timeline of Zionism|World Zionist Organization|Zionist political violence Zionism is an international political movement that originally supported the A Committee of the Hebrew Language was then established. Later it became the Academy of the Hebrew Language, an organization that still exists today. Academy of the Hebrew Language (הָאָקָדֶמְיָה לַלָּשׁוֹן הָעִבְרִית Ha-akademya la-lashon ha-ʻIvrit) was established by the Israeli The results of his work and the Committee's were published in a dictionary (The Complete Dictionary of Ancient and Modern Hebrew).
By the beginning of the 20th century, Hebrew was well on its way to becoming the main language of the Jewish population of Palestine, and later, the State of Israel. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics.
Ben Yehuda married twice, to two sisters. His first wife, Deborah (nee Jonas), died in 1891 of tuberculosis and six months later he married her sister, who took the Hebrew name "Hemda". Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or T u' b' erculosis Bacillus --> is a common [1]
In December 1922, Ben Yehuda died of tuberculosis, from which he suffered most of his life. Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or T u' b' erculosis Bacillus --> is a common He was buried on the Mount of Olives in Jerusalem. The Mount of Olives (also Mount Olivet, جبل الزيتون الطور Jebel az-Zeitun הר הזיתים Har HaZeitim; is a mountain ridge in east [2]
See also
References
Bibliography
- Fellman, Jack (1973). Netiva Ben Yehuda (נתיבה בן-יהודה born 26 July 1928) is an Israeli author editor and former soldier of the Palmach. The revival of the Hebrew language was a process that took place in Europe and Israel at the end of the 19th century and The revival of a classical tongue: Eliezer Ben Yehuda and the modern Hebrew language. The Hague, Netherlands: Mouton ISBN 90-279-2495-3
- Robert St. John. Tongue of the Prophets, Doubleday & Company, Inc. Garden City, New York, 1952. ISBN 0-8371-2631-2
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