Elementary charge - Citizendia

The elementary charge, e, is the electric charge carried by a single proton, or equivalently, the negative of the electric charge carried by a single electron. Electric charge is a fundamental conserved property of some Subatomic particles which determines their Electromagnetic interaction. The proton ( Greek πρῶτον / proton "first" is a Subatomic particle with an Electric charge of one positive The electron is a fundamental Subatomic particle that was identified and assigned the negative charge in 1897 by J

This is a fundamental physical constant and the unit of electric charge in the system of atomic units as well as some other systems of natural units. A physical Constant is a Physical quantity that is generally believed to be both universal in nature and constant in time Atomic units ( au) form a System of units convenient for Atomic physics, Electromagnetism, and Quantum electrodynamics, especially In Physics, natural units are Physical units of Measurement defined in terms of universal Physical constants, such that some chosen physical

It has a measured value of approximately 1. 602176487×10⁻¹⁹ C, according to the NIST posted CODATA value for e. The coulomb (symbol C) is the SI unit of Electric charge. It is named after Charles-Augustin de Coulomb. See the 2006 Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) list of physical constants: CODATA report, TABLE XLVIII for uncertainty in e. In the centimetre gram second system of units, the value is 4. The centimetre-gram-second system ( CGS) is a system of physical units. 803204273×10⁻¹⁰ statcoulombs. The statcoulomb ( statC) or franklin ( Fr) or electrostatic unit of charge ( esu) is the physical unit for Electrical

Since it was first measured in Robert Millikan's famous oil-drop experiment in 1909, the elementary charge has been considered indivisible. Robert Andrews Millikan (March 22 1868 – December 19 1953 was an American experimental physicist, and Nobel laureate in physics for his measurement The Purpose of Robert Millikan and Harvey Fletcher 's oil-drop experiment (1909 was to measure the Electric charge of the Electron Quarks, first posited in the 1960s, have fractional electric charges (in units of ¹⁄₃ e and ²⁄₃ e so that now the term elementary charge referring to the charge on an electron is no longer strictly correct; this is irrelevant, however, in practical terms, since quarks are not detected except in groupings that have charges that are integer multiples of e. In Physics, a quark (kwɔrk kwɑːk or kwɑːrk is a type of Subatomic particle. In 1982 Robert Laughlin tried to explain the fractional quantum Hall effect by predicting the existence of fractionally charged quasiparticles. Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Robert Betts Laughlin (born November 1, 1950) is a professor of Physics and Applied Physics at Stanford University who together The quantum Hall effect (or integer quantum Hall effect) is a quantum-mechanical version of the Hall effect, observed in two-dimensional electron systems In Physics, a quasiparticle refers to a particle -like entity arising in certain systems of interacting particles In 1995, the fractional charge of Laughlin quasiparticles was measured directly in a quantum antidot electrometer at Stony Brook University, New York. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 State University of New York at Stony Brook, commonly known as Stony Brook University, is a public research university located in Stony Brook, New York New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous In 1997, two groups of physicists at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel, and at the Commissariat à l'énergie atomique laboratory near Paris, claimed to have detected such quasiparticles carrying an electric current. The Weizmann Institute of Science (מכון ויצמן למדע known as Machon Weizmann is a university and research institute in Rehovot, Israel. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The Commissariat à l’énergie atomique (Atomic Energy Commission or CEA, is a French “public establishment of an industrial and commercial character” whose Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Electric current is the flow (movement of Electric charge. The SI unit of electric current is the Ampere.

External links

References

Fundamentals of Physics, 7th Ed. , Halliday, Robert Resnick, and Jearl Walker. Wiley, 2005

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
network: | |